INTRODUCTION

No matter how perfect the car is, to maintain it in a technically sound condition throughout the entire period of operation, certain types of technical impact (diagnostics, lubrication, adjustment, repair, etc.) and the provision of spare parts are required.

The developed "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of vehicles ..." establishes the fundamental foundations and standards for technical actions aimed at ensuring reliable and safe operation vehicles, and also contains the basic information necessary for the organization of maintenance and repair of vehicles at the enterprises of the Auto Maintenance System - STOA.

The car is a source of increased danger and, in accordance with applicable law, the owner is fully responsible for the technical condition and operation of his car. Service stations are responsible for the quality of maintenance and repair work performed.

Vehicle maintenance is a complex of technological operations aimed at preventing failures and malfunctions, maintaining vehicles in good condition and ensuring their reliable, safe and economical operation. Regular and high-quality maintenance in full also reduces the need for repairs.

The main purpose of the repair is to eliminate the malfunctions and restore the vehicle (unit) to working capacity by replacing or repairing its individual parts and adjusting them.

Definition technical condition vehicles and setting the volume repair work carried out, if necessary, using diagnostic tools. In cases where it is impossible to determine the technical condition or malfunction of units and assemblies using diagnostics, they are removed from the vehicle and disassembled for the final determination of the scope of repair work.

Car owners during the manufacturer's warranty period are required to carry out maintenance in full (otherwise they lose the right to warranty repair). At the end of the warranty period, they are given the right to selectively carry out certain types of car maintenance work at the service station, including from the scope of work indicated in the service book coupons.

Malfunctions of components, connections and parts that affect traffic safety, identified at the service station, are subject to mandatory elimination.

Brief description of the enterprise

The service station (STO) of Avto-ZIP LLC is an integrated enterprise that stores, maintains and repairs rolling stock, as well as supplies the necessary operational, repair materials and spare parts.

The enterprise is located in the city of Novocherkassk at the address Rostovsky exit, 4 and carries out repairs of the rolling stock of cars of the brand: GAZ, ZIL, MAZ, KAM (AZ), foreign cars and performs all types of maintenance and repair of cars belonging to the population.

Management in Auto-ZIP LLC is carried out according to the following scheme:

Organizational structure of management

Figure 1 - Block diagram of the enterprise

The General Director of Avto-ZIP LLC is the head of the enterprise, carries out the selection and placement of personnel, bears legal and administrative responsibility.

The Deputy Director for the economic part carries out work on supplying the enterprise with all necessary consumables and spare parts for the smooth functioning of the service station, heads technical service and is responsible for the technical condition of the rolling stock, the condition and development of the technical base. The head of the repair (workshop) sections is subordinate to him.

The maintenance and repair service carries out maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock for all types of work. The form of labor organization is the method of complex teams.

The service station (STO) of Avto-ZIP LLC, according to the principle of purpose and location, belongs to the city service station and serves mainly a permanent fleet trucks different carrying capacity, as well as cargo foreign cars.

By the nature of the services provided, it is a complex station with a universal slope.

The following types of work are carried out:

– repair of engines (complex diagnostics);

– repair of electrical equipment;

– body work;

– repair of systems, components and assemblies;

– repair and adjustment of brakes;

- lubrication work.

Small retail auto parts.

The disadvantages are:

– lack of a car wash area;

– body work is carried out in a non-specialized room;

- The equipment is rather scarce, there is no stand for tire fitting of wheels of trucks;

In the future, in order to enlarge the enterprise, an exhibition hall 15 x 12m (h = 6m) for the sale of cars will be built. A place has been designed for the construction of a bathhouse (6 x 10m) and a cafe for 15 seats and other industrial premises.

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Introduction

1. Research part

2. Technological part

4. Technological process

List of used literature

Introduction

Periodically, cars need to be diagnosed or repaired, and for this there is a special car service. Considering perfection modern technologies, we can confidently say that in a car service it is now possible to make any car with high quality, no matter what is required for this.

Car service is designed to diagnose or repair cars that vehicles sometimes need. Today, most car services offer a fairly wide range of services.

With the advent of the first cars, there was a need for their repair and maintenance, but specialized repair organizations did not yet exist. The repair was carried out by the owner or his driver: the failed parts were made on their own, and the rentals were liquidated right on the road. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that an increase in the number of cars served as an impetus for the organization of an auto repair business. On the basis of workshops for the repair of agricultural machinery, the first auto repair shops began to appear. They were located closer to people who needed a car due to their occupation (for example, doctors). Gasoline was also sold here, which was pumped from an underground tank with the help of a pump.

The rapid development of car repair enterprises fell on the period of industrialization. After the collapse of the USSR, the number of car repair enterprises decreased significantly. Currently, the most common military auto repair plants for the maintenance and repair of military equipment from military units and training grounds; as well as small workshops with 3 to 10 posts, which can quickly respond to changes in the car fleet, adapt to new types of repair work and do not have a large warehouse.

A new stage in the development of motor transport enterprises began in the sixties and seventies, in connection with the emergence of new enterprises and rapid construction. Road transport accounted for about 80% of all freight and about 40% of passenger traffic.

Service station (STO) - an organization that provides services to the public and / or organizations for scheduled maintenance, current and major repairs, elimination of car breakdowns, installation of additional equipment, restoration (body) repair of vehicles. Service station (service station) - is a complex of structures and mechanisms (lifts, tire fitting, balancing, wheel alignment stand, installation for changing oil, flushing fuel system, straightening and painting and drying equipment, stands and testers for diagnosing el. car chains), as well as hand and pneumatic tools, collected in one place for a full-fledged complex repair and maintenance of cars.

The aims and objectives of the project is to sum up the disciplines passed during the training in this educational institution. Show your knowledge and skills in organizing a production program for maintenance and current repair received during training. Learn how to practically calculate the production program for maintenance and repair, calculate the staff for the performance of work, calculate the number of maintenance and repair posts for optimal performance motor transport enterprise, to calculate the economic costs for the operation of the enterprise and the energy costs of the enterprise, and also learn how to choose the right equipment and rationally arrange it at the workplace. The introduction of new methods of organizing production aimed at increasing labor productivity, the quality of work, and reducing labor intensity. In our time, modern motor transport enterprises need thorough mechanization of repair zones, lines, sections. If the mechanization of these zones, lines, sections is changed, then this will greatly increase labor productivity and the quality of technical interventions for maintenance and repair. Consequently, trucking companies receive a large economic benefit, since it will be possible to reduce the number of workers. Mechanization will reduce the labor intensity of the work performed, because manual labor will be minimized.

motor vehicle repair

1. Research part

Brief description of service stations

STO "AvtoDan" is located on Abay street 107, corner of st. Dzhangildin 13. built in 2000

The main activities are:

Repair of components and assemblies of cars

Wheel alignment adjustment

Maintenance of small and medium class cars

Change of oil

Coolant replacement

Brake Fluid Replacement

Car electrical equipment repair.

Basically, the following car brands are serviced at the service station: Toyota, Volkswagen, VAZ, Nissan, Mazda, Mercedes, BMW, Skoda, etc.

Serviced vehicles.

The average daily arrival of cars at the service station is about 20 units.

10 Toyota cars

3 Volkswagen cars

3 Nissan vehicles

1 Mazda car

1 BMW car

2 Mercedes cars

Service station specialization.

Service list:

1) repair of components and assemblies of the car,

2) repair of engines, suspension, steering, brake system;

3) repair of electrical equipment:

Wiring;

Elements of the electric drive;

Elements of light and sound signaling;

5) tire fitting works;

Maintenance (TO):

1) Lubrication and filling work,

Change of oils and process fluids,

Filter replacement,

3) Control, diagnostic and adjustment work:

Engine (cylinder compression, thermal gaps valves, etc.)

Suspension (control and adjustment of wheel alignment angles);

Clutch (pedal travel);

Working mode

STO "Favorite" works 247 days a year. 1 shift, 8 hour shift. The working day starts from 9:00 to 18:00, 1 hour is allotted for lunch. Lunch break time from 13:00 to 14:00.

The procedure for receiving cars.

Reception of cars is carried out by agreement with the mechanic. The customer should contact the mechanic directly and describe the malfunction of the car. Then sign up for a queue, if there is one, then put the car on a working post (lift).

Providing service stations with hot and cold water compressed air and electricity.

This service station uses a screw compressor DEN-5.5SHR. The unit is a complete and ready-to-use unit, arranged on a common frame that does not require a special foundation, equipped with a soundproof casing with an automation system.

Providing hot and cold water.

The enterprise is provided with centralized cold water, hot water is provided by means of an electric storage water heater with a capacity of 300 liters.

Organization of material and technical supply, the procedure for the use of operational materials and spare parts.

For the smooth functioning of production, well-established logistics (MTO) is necessary, which is carried out at the service station through the logistics authorities. The main task of the supply authorities of the enterprise is the timely and optimal provision of the necessary material resources.

The MTO plan is developed taking into account:

production program;

Norms of stocks of material resources;

Rates of consumption of raw materials, materials, components;

Prices for all types of material and technical resources.

Fuel storage

Fuels and lubricants are stored indoors at a relatively constant moderate temperature.

The storage satisfies the following conditions:

Convenient access for vehicles.

The possibility of free use of materials,

Possibility of opening containers and draining oils in a clean and dust-free place.

Ease of delivery to the main places of use.

Working hours 299 days a year, shift starts at 09:00, shift ends at 17:00, lunch break from 13:00 to 14:00, working time per shift is 7 hours.

Organization of MOT and TR at the service station.

The organization of production ensures the efficient use of labor,

Means, materials, production base and production team of the enterprise.

In the field of production organization, organizations develop and improve the structure and technological process production, organization and remuneration of labor, accounting, analysis and planning of production, production management, develop and implement measures to improve production efficiency and quality of work. The volume and content of the work performed must have the necessary reserves. The organization recommends that maintenance be carried out at a strictly set time and with high quality.

The organization of the technological process of maintenance depends mainly on the production program (number of cars), the structure of the organization, the constancy of the content and the laboriousness of the work.

Description of the technological process at the production sites.

Oil pollution in the engine occurs continuously, which causes increased wear and premature failure of rubbing parts. The resource and reliability of the internal combustion engine, its power and environmental performance depend on the purity of engine oil.

Contaminants are divided into two main groups: organic and inorganic. Organic impurities are formed as a by-product during the combustion of fuel, as well as thermal decomposition, oxidation and polymerization of oil and fuel. It worsens the reaction situation involving sulfur compounds and water. Inorganic impurities are dust, technological pollution during the manufacture and repair of the engine, particles of mechanical wear of parts, as well as products of spent ash additives.

The technological process of changing the oil is quite simple:

1. Flushing is poured into the engine. Flushing is an important part of the oil change process. When changing oil without flushing, a significant part of the contaminants remains in the engine, and these are: carbon deposits (soot, sludge, spongy formations), varnishes, paints. There are 2 types of flushing: fast and soft. A quick flush is poured into the old oil just before an oil change and “works” for 5-10 minutes, radically cleaning the engine. It must be used regularly from the very beginning of the operation of the car. It has a strong washing effect, if such a product is added to the oil of a coked engine, solid mechanical particles can clog the oil receiver mesh, preventing normal oil circulation. And you can remove them from there only when disassembling the engine.

Soft flushing is poured into the "old" oil and works in the engine for 200-500 km of run before changing the oil, in order to dissolve the accumulated deposits, varnishes, resins.

It is recommended to use mild washes that act for a long time, they are much more careful with car parts. This is especially true for older engines with a large amount of solid deposits, where there is a possibility of chipping large pieces of soot, followed by the formation of dust scuffs and the likelihood of blocking the shaft channels.

1. Used oil is drained.

2. The filter is changing.

3. New oil is poured.

The work of the person responsible for safety, rights and obligations.

The safety officer must know:

1. Legislative and regulatory legal acts, methodological materials on safety issues.

2. A system of safety standards.

3. Requirements for the development of safety rules and regulations at enterprises.

4. Principles and objectives of safety engineering.

5. The main technological processes of production at the enterprise

6. Features of operation of the equipment used at the enterprise,

7. rules and means of monitoring the compliance of the technical condition of the equipment with the requirements for safe work.

8. The methodology for informing employees about safety requirements.

9. Methods for conducting safety briefings, conducting control activities.

10. Rules for the provision of first aid in case of accidents.

11. Rules for the investigation of accidents at work, the execution of such an investigation.

12. Fundamentals of administrative work, pedagogy and psychology.

13. Fundamentals of labor legislation.

14. Internal labor regulations.

The safety officer must

1. Advises the management of the enterprise on existing state rules and safety standards for making changes to certain technological operations, adjustments and purchases of equipment that meets safety regulations.

2. Organizes and conducts work to create a safety system at the enterprise, internal norms and rules for safety.

3. Gives an opinion on the possibility of changing the safety system adopted at the enterprise, on compliance with the safety requirements of new equipment and inventory, production operations.

4. Coordinates the work of production and technical departments of the enterprise to create and maintain a safety system.

5. Gives mandatory safety instructions.

6. Organizes safety briefings for hired employees who are transferred to work at new production sites, new production equipment.

7. Conducts special classes on the study of safety standards with the management and working personnel of the enterprise.

8. Organizes inspections, tests and technical examination of the condition of technical means, equipment, machines and the compliance of their condition with the established norms and rules, participates in their acceptance into operation or use in production.

9. Analyzes the safety situation at the enterprise, analyzes the degree of risk, develops a corrective action plan, sets the deadlines for their implementation and coordinates their implementation.

10. Controls the implementation of the instructions of the state supervision and control over compliance with the current norms and safety regulations, labor safety standards in the production process, as well as in the projects of new and reconstructed production facilities.

11. Requires the suspension of production operations performed in violation of the safety system at the enterprise.

12. Develop a set of measures to identify safety violations, identify violations, analyze them and give instructions for their elimination.

13. In the event of an accident at work.

Notifies management of the incident

Organizes the first medical care the victim and, if necessary, his delivery to a healthcare facility;

Takes immediate action to prevent development emergency and the impact of the traumatic factor on other persons;

Ensures the preservation of the situation as it was at the time of the accident until the beginning of the investigation of the accident;

14. Organizes the investigation of accidents at work, takes part in the work of the commission, creates the necessary conditions for conducting investigations, takes part in investigations (creates diagrams, accident maps, conducts surveys, takes measurements, prepares extracts from briefing logs, assists the expert).

15. Prepares the necessary documents for submission to regulatory authorities.

16. Represents the interests of the enterprise when considering cases of accidents by the state supervision body, courts; gives the necessary explanations; provides the required information.

17. Tracks the adoption of new laws, regulatory documents on safety issues.

18. Coordinates its actions with state structures on safety measures in order to prevent industrial, environmental and other accidents.

19. Prepares progress reports.

20. Performs other related duties.

The safety officer has the right to:

1. Give the employees of the enterprise mandatory safety regulations.

2. Demand to stop the operation of production equipment, production operations that do not meet safety regulations and can lead to accidents, causing harm to the health of workers.

3. Sign and endorse documents within their competence.

4. Initiate and endorse safety measures.

5. Submit ideas about bringing the heads of departments to responsibility. Other employees violating safety requirements.

6. Request from the structural divisions of the enterprise information and documents necessary for its implementation official duties.

7. Gets acquainted with the documents that define his rights and obligations in his position, the criteria for assessing the quality of performance of official duties.

8. Submit proposals for improvement of the work related to the responsibilities provided for in this instruction for consideration by the management.

9. Require the management of the enterprise to ensure the organizational and technical conditions and execution of the established documents. Necessary for the performance of official duties.

The Safety Specialist is responsible for:

1. For improper performance of their official duties under this job description, - within the limits established by the current labor legislation

Republic of Kazakhstan.

2. For an offense committed in the course of their activities - within the limits established by the administrative. Criminal and civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

3. For causing material damage to the enterprise - within the limits established by the current labor and civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Activities at the service station for environmental protection.

Work on environmental protection at each service station should include the following main activities:

1. Training of personnel in the basics of environmental safety.

2. Cleaning up the formed smudges of operational materials, backfilling with sand or sawdust.

3. Collection of waste oils, other liquids.

4. Organization and provision of effective treatment of wastewater from household, industrial and storm water with the help of treatment facilities. Implementation of reverse water supply.

6. If there is an operating boiler house on the territory, it is necessary to provide for measures to reduce atmospheric pollution by harmful emissions (smoke, soot, gases), in the future, the elimination of the boiler house and the transition to the territory and the transition to central heating.

7. Checking the compliance of the technical condition of the equipment with the requirements of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources

8. Drawing up the established reporting on the implementation of measures for the protection of the environment.

Preparedness for emergencies. Fire safety.

The territory of the enterprise is fenced with a solid fence, in which special fire entrances (gates) are arranged.

The distances from parking places to industrial buildings are assumed to be 15-20 m, depending on the degree of fire resistance of the building where vehicles are maintained, at least 10 m. There will be a gap of at least 2m between the cars and the fence. The parking area must not be blocked by objects that can prevent the dispersal of cars in case of fire. In parking lots, in order to avoid fire, it is not allowed to smoke, work with fire and store combustible and flammable materials. Do not warm up cold engines, gearbox housings and axle reducers, fuel tanks and other components of vehicles with open fire, leave oiled cleaning rags and overalls in the vehicle after work is completed, and also leave the vehicle with the ignition on.

Do not smoke, use open flames, blowtorches, welding machines, store gasoline, diesel fuel, gas cylinders (with the exception of fuel in tanks and gases in cylinders mounted on vehicles), store containers from flammable easily flammable liquids. You can not leave the car in the parking lot loaded cars.

Stairs and attics of industrial and service premises should always be free. It is forbidden to use them for production or storage facilities. The attics are permanently locked, and the keys to them are kept by the staff on duty.

Designated smoking areas are located in prominent places. There is an urn for cigarette butts. A fire safety corner has been organized nearby, and a sign "Smoking area" has been posted. In other places, signs “No smoking”, “Smoking is prohibited” are posted.

Oiled cleaning materials and overalls ignite spontaneously under certain conditions, therefore, during the working shift, cleaning materials are collected in steel boxes with tight lids, and at the end of the shift they are taken to specially equipped landfills, from where they are sent for destruction. Overalls between shifts should be stored in a straightened state, and most importantly, it should be cleaned of oiling in a timely manner.

In industrial and warehouse premises, if they contain combustible materials, as well as products in combustible packaging, electric lamps must be in a closed or protected design (with a glass cap that prevents the bulbs from falling out).

With the usual release of dust, electrical installations are cleaned of it 2 times a month, and with significant emissions, daily. It is forbidden to use electrical installations, the surface heating of which during operation exceeds the ambient temperature by 40 C. (unless other requirements are imposed on them). Electric heaters without fire-resistant supports, as well as leaving them plugged in for a long time unattended; use non-standard (self-made) heating electric furnaces or incandescent electric lamps for space heating; leave energized electrical wires or cables with uninsulated ends; damaged sockets, switches and other electrical appliances.

Electric devices and devices that spark due to working conditions, installed in fire hazardous premises, depending on the zone of the class of premises, must be closed, dust-tight or oil-filled, and the lamps must be closed. Installation of open devices is allowed if they are installed in closed cabinets.

Suggestions for improving work at the service station.

Introduction of Computer Diagnostics:

The computer test system is the most flexible of all. It allows you to read OBD codes, i.e. not in numerical form, but in the form of a description possible faults, in the form of tables, as well as in graphical form, including in the form of multi-parameter graphs. Using such a system, you can also conduct virtual tests: manually change one of the parameters and see what happens to the rest. At the same time, a protocol is kept in real time, which is necessary for a detailed analysis of transient processes. It is convenient to save such protocols in log files by date, which can be useful for routine diagnostics. All data can be printed in an easy-to-read form, saved in MS Excel format and can be backed up on external media.

Computer test systems, which are a regular personal computer, laptop or pocket computer on which the appropriate program is installed and a diagnostic interface that is an intermediary between the car and the computer.

2. Technological part

Reconstruction of the maintenance area in full and the site for adjusting wheel angles

Initial data

Car model:

A SP \u003d 2500 units.

normative labor intensity = 2.7 people? hour.

Calculation of the production program of service stations

Annual volume of work on maintenance and repair, people? hour:

pers? hour.

where: A SP - the number of cars serviced in the designed service station, per year;

Average annual mileage of cars, km;

Specific labor intensity of maintenance and repair work, people? hour

choose from for the middle class

K - coefficient of correction of normative labor intensity

Distribution of total labor intensity

Table number 1. Distribution of the total labor intensity of work at service stations by type of work, %

Distribution of labor intensity by type of work:

where: %T - the percentage of labor intensity of the site.

Calculation of labor intensity of zones.

Table No. 2. Distribution of the total labor intensity of work at the place of their execution,%

Guards

T TO \u003d T P TO \u003d 13500 people? hour,

T uuk \u003d T P ukk \u003d 2700 people? hour,

Annual fund of working hours of fasting, h.

F P \u003d D? f?z h.

where: D - the number of working days, days;

f - shift work time, h;

h - coefficient, use of the working time of the post, 0.9.

F P \u003d D? f?z \u003d 247 ? eight ? 0.9 = 2001 hours

Calculation of the number of posts.

The number of work posts for the j -th type of work on maintenance and repair

where: T P - the annual volume of guard work, people? hour;

q - the coefficient of uneven receipt of cars at the service station;

F P - the annual fund of the working time of the post, h;

p SR - the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post, people.

Guards

3. Selection of technological equipment

Table number 3. Selection of technological necessary equipment for maintenance

	Name				Power
	2 post lift
	Oil dispenser for engine oil filling
	Oil dispenser for gear oil filling
	Used oil tank
	Salidosupercharger
	Brake bleeder
	Brake fluid tank
	Stand for testing electrical equipment
	Locksmith workbench
	Tool cabinet
	Parts rack
	Chest for cleaning materials
	Garbage bin
	Sand box
	Fire shield

Calculation of the area of ​​the maintenance site in full

Plot area calculation:

m 2

where: - plot area, m 2;

K PL - density coefficient, 5

Table number 4. Selection of technological necessary equipment for the site for adjusting wheel angles

	Name				Power
	Four post lift
	Computer stand for wheel angle adjustment
	Optical stand for wheel angle adjustment
	Locksmith workbench
	Cabinet for instruments and tools
	Wardrobe
	Garbage bin
	Sand box
	Fire shield

Calculation of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site for installing wheel angles

Plot area calculation:

m 2

where: - plot area, m 2;

The total area of ​​all equipment, m 2;

K PL - density coefficient, 4

4. Technological process

maintenance in full

A rationally organized technological process is understood as a sequence of work, providing high quality their implementation at minimal cost.

The main part of the work on maintenance and repair of vehicles is carried out at the workplaces of the production zone. In addition, work on the maintenance and repair of power supply system devices, electrical, battery, tire fitting, metalwork and other work is partially carried out at specialized production sites after the removal of the relevant components and assemblies from the vehicle.

Engine

Changing the oil and oil filter in the engine

1. Warm up the engine.

2. Unscrew the plug drain hole about half a turn. Install the oil collection container and unscrew the plug completely.

3. When the oil drains, wipe the plug and replace the sealing washer and tighten the plug with a tightening torque of 40 N? m.

4. Using the removal tool oil filter, loosen the filter and unscrew it by hand.

5. Clean the filter installation site. Lubricate the O-ring of the new filter with oil and install it on the engine. Screw on the filter securely by hand.

6. Fill in the correct type of oil.

7. Start the engine and check for oil leaks around the oil filter and drain plug.

On models with a turbocharger, do not increase the engine speed until the oil pressure warning light goes out, as if the speed is increased while the lamp is on, the turbocharger may fail.

Replacement of spark plugs.

Cars with four-cylinder engines:

1. Remove the 4 screws and remove the motor cover.

2. Turn off the ignition and unscrew the ground wire from the cylinder head.

3. To turn out nuts of fastening of the switchboard and to disconnect from it an electric socket.

4. Remove tips high voltage wires with spark plugs and switch.

8. Install the commutator and fix it with nuts, tightening them with a torque of 10 N? m.

Vehicles with four-cylinder turbocharged engines:

1. Turn off the ignition.

2. Remove the 4 screws and remove the engine cover.

3. To release clamps and to disconnect electric sockets from coils of ignition.

4. To turn away bolts of fastening of coils of ignition and to remove them.

5. Unscrew the candles with a candle wrench.

6. Screw in new spark plugs and tighten them to 30 N? m.

7. Check and, if necessary, replace the sealing rings, install the ignition coils and secure them with bolts, tightening with a torque of 10 N? m.

8. Connect the electrical connectors to the ignition coils.

Vehicles with six-cylinder engines:

1. Turn off the ignition.

2. Loosen screws and move aside expansion tank without disconnecting the hoses.

3. Remove the screws and remove the motor cover.

4. To remove tips of high-voltage wires from spark plugs.

5. Clean the spark plugs with a brush or compressed air to prevent dirt from entering the engine cylinders after the spark plugs are removed. Unscrew the spark plugs with a spark plug wrench.

6. Screw in new spark plugs and tighten them to 30 N? m.

7. Connect high-voltage wires to spark plugs.

8. Reinstall and secure the expansion tank with screws.

Vehicles with six-cylinder engines and turbocharger:

1. Turn off the ignition.

2. Remove the screws and remove the motor cover.

Right cylinder head:

3. Remove the air filter cover.

4. Loosen the hose clamp and remove the bolt.

5. Disconnect the electrical connectors from the ignition coils.

6. To unscrew bolts of fastening of coils of ignition and to remove coils.

7. Unscrew the candles with a candle wrench.

8. Check and, if necessary, replace the sealing rings, install the ignition coils and secure them with bolts, tightening with a torque of 10 N? m.

Left cylinder head:

9. Unscrew the screws and take aside the expansion tank without disconnecting the hoses from it.

10. Loosen the hose clamp and remove the bolt.

11. Disconnect the electrical connectors from the ignition coils.

12. To unscrew bolts of fastening of coils of ignition and to remove coils.

13. Unscrew the candles with a candle wrench.

14. Check and, if necessary, replace the sealing rings, install the ignition coils and secure them with bolts, tightening with a torque of 10 N? m.

15. Reinstall and secure the expansion tank with screws.

Replacement V-ribbed belt:

V-ribbed belts drive the generator, water pump, air conditioning compressor, power steering pump and engine cooling fan. On some models, the water pump is driven by a separate V-belt.

1. Disconnect the ground wire from the battery. When removing the V-ribbed belt, the following must be observed:

Installing the poly-V-belt damper pulley on crankshaft only possible in one position.

A bolt with a special head is installed before mounting the generator bracket.

The alternator bracket mounting bolts are of varying length and are tightened in a specific sequence.

When installing the power steering pump pulley, the protruding end surface of the pulley must face the front of the vehicle.

2. To turn out screws and to remove a mudguard of a motor compartment.

3. Loosen the mounting bolts of the V-ribbed belt tensioner of the air conditioning compressor and remove the belt from the pulleys.

4. Using a wrench, turn the tensioner of the poly-V-belt drive of the generator, fan and water pump clockwise. As a result, its tension will be weakened.

5. Remove the V-ribbed belt from the pulleys and release the V-ribbed belt tensioner.

Installation

1. Put the belt first on the crankshaft pulley, and then on the power steering pump pulley.

2. Using a wrench, turn the poly V-belt tensioner clockwise, put the belt on the alternator pulley.

3. Slowly release the tensioner to tension the belt.

4. Install the A/C compressor drive belt and adjust its tension.

5. Install a torque wrench on the hex head of the air conditioning compressor drive belt tensioner in the “7 o’clock” position, create a pre-tension with a torque of 25 Nm and, in this position, tighten the tensioner fastening bolts with a torque of 20 Nm.

6. Start the engine, check the correct location and uniform movement of the belts.

Transmission

Oil change in automatic transmission

1. Unscrew the drain plug and drain the oil from the gearbox. 2. Screw in the plug with a new gasket.

3. Tighten it to 40 Nm.

4. Unscrew the oil filler plug.

5. Fill with oil up to the lower edge of the oil filler hole.

6. Start the engine in the mode idle move and add oil up to the bottom edge of the oil filler hole.

7. Screw the plug into the oil filler hole and tighten it by hand.

8. When the engine is idling, press the brake pedal and move the selector lever alternately to all positions with a delay in each position for 2-3 seconds.

9. Turn off the ignition.

10. Check the oil level in the automatic transmission.

Checking the oil level

The oil level must be checked with the car in a horizontal position, with the gearbox warmed up to a temperature of 30 ° C, and the selector lever in position P. The air conditioning and heating system must be turned off. Connect the device vag 1551 for reading faults.

1. Start the engine in idle mode and check the temperature of the gearbox, which should be no more than 30 ° C.

2. At an automatic transmission temperature of +35 to +40 °C, unscrew the oil filler plug.

The oil level is normal if the oil leaks slightly to the outside (as a result of an increase in the level when heated). If the level is low, add oil to the oil filler hole.

3. Screw the plug into the oil filler hole and tighten to 60 Nm.

When servicing the transmission, it is necessary to lubricate the joints cardan shafts. The joints are lubricated with a syringe through a grease fitting until oil exits the sealing rings of all 4 bearings of each joint.

Replacing the input shaft seal

1. Raise and secure the front of the vehicle.

2. Disconnect the shaft from the drive flange.

3. Unscrew the central bolt.

5. Lubricate the new seal with grease and install.

6. Install a new retaining ring.

Replacing the input shaft seal

1. Remove the gearbox.

2. Remove release bearing and clutch release lever.

3. Remove the guide bush.

4. Remove the circlip and remove the oil seal with a screwdriver.

5. Remove the old oil seal with a screwdriver.

6. Lubricate the new oil seal with grease and drive it into place.

Chassis

Power steering pump belt tension adjustment

Models with 5-cylinder engine

1. Loosen the nuts of the pump mounting bolt and the adjusting bar bolt, as well as the tightening of the adjusting bar mounting bolt.

2._Regulate the belt tension by turning the adjusting bolt to one side. With the correct tension, the belt should flex 10mm when you press the top strand of the belt halfway between the pulleys with your thumb.

3. After adjustment, tighten all screw fittings.

Models with 4-cylinder engine

1. Unscrew the three pulley nuts, remove the outer half of the pulley and the drive belt from the pulley.

2. Remove one of the shims installed between the halves of the pulley, put the belt on the pulley, install the outer half of the pulley and the removed shim on the studs and tighten the fastening nuts.

3. Check belt tension. With the correct tension, the belt should flex 10mm when you press the top strand of the belt halfway between the pulleys with your thumb.

4. If the belt tension is not enough, rearrange the next shim. To loosen the belt tension, the washers must be rearranged in the reverse order.

Wheel bearing adjustment.

1. Install the front wheel chocks.

2. Raise and support the rear of the vehicle.

3. Knock off the protective cap of the hub nut with a hammer with a rubber tip.

4. Remove the cotter pin and remove the hub nut retainer.

5. Tighten the hub nut until it stops while turning the wheel to self-align the hub bearings. Then slightly loosen the nut until the washer can be moved with a screwdriver by hand. In this case, it is unacceptable to use a screwdriver as a lever, relying on it on the shoulder of the hub.

6. Install retainer and cotter pin. To match the hole in the trunnion for the cotter pin and the slot in the retainer, the hub nut only needs to be tightened.

7. Add grease to the protective cap of the hub nut to two thirds of its volume and press it into place using a suitable drift. Wrinkled and cracked protective caps must be replaced (to prevent dirt and moisture from entering the hub).

When servicing the threaded hinges of the front suspension struts and the bearings of the pivots of the steering knuckles, they must be lubricated through the grease fittings before the start of the exit lubricant from the gaps through the O-rings.

Steering

Replacing tie rod ends.

1. Remove the front wheel

2. To unscrew a bolt of fastening of a tip of steering draft to a rotary fist.

3. Unscrew a nut and to take out a bolt with a square head of fixing of a tip of steering draft to a rotary fist. Do not expand the grooves in the steering knuckle when removing the upper transverse arms.

4. To take out down a tip of steering draft from a rotary fist.

5. Loosen the locknut and unscrew the tie rod end. The outer surface of the tie rod is made in the form of a hexagon, which is used to keep the tie rod from turning when the lock nut is loosened to fix the tie rod end.

6. Installation is carried out in the reverse order of removal.

Checking the discharge pressure of the power steering pump.

1. Loosen the inlet bolt and disconnect the inlet hose from the pump and connect a hose with a pressure gauge instead.

2. Start the engine and leave it to idle.

3. Turn the wheels to the stop in any direction, check the pressure on the pressure gauge and immediately turn the wheels to their original position. This operation should take no more than 30 seconds, otherwise the pump may be damaged. The pressure should be 14500-15500 kPa (145-155 kgf/cm2).

4. If the pressure is not as specified, replace the high pressure valve and retest. If the pressure is again not correct, the pump is defective and must be replaced.

Steering gear adjustment

1. Make a test drive and check if it returns wheel automatically after turning to the straight ahead position. In this case, the steering wheel should not have a noticeable play.

2. Adjust the steering mechanism with the adjusting bolt.

Carry out the adjustment with the vehicle on the ground with the front wheels in the straight ahead position.

3. Carefully tighten the adjusting screw by 20°. If, during a test drive, the steering wheel does not automatically return to its original position when exiting a corner.

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Requirements for a station intended for maintenance and current repair of cars. Completion of the painting area, compressor station, tire fitting and repair work area, car acceptance area.

Answer:STOA - a station for the maintenance and repair of cars. Modern service stations are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified:

· by purpose (degree of specialization);

· location;

· production capacity (number of production posts and sites);

· competitiveness.

depending from the location of the service station subdivided:

- for urban;

- road;

This division determines the difference in the number of production posts and the technological equipment of service stations.

Road service stations are universal, have from one to five working posts and are designed to perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions that occur along the way, as well as to refuel vehicles with fuel and oil. Road stations are usually built in conjunction with gas stations.

By degree of specializationcar service enterprises are divided into:

- for complex (universal);

-specialized by type of work;

- Self-service station.

Integrated service stations perform the entire range of maintenance and repair of vehicles. They can be universal - for servicing and repairing several brands of cars or specialized - for servicing one brand of car.

Specialized car service enterprises are also classified by specific makes and models of cars and types of work (maintenance and repairs during the warranty period, maintenance and repairs after warranty period).

Service stations are subdivided by level of specialization:

- maintenance and repair of foreign cars only - the share of foreign cars in the total fleet is 23%, but 28% of car service enterprises are engaged in servicing foreign cars;

-maintenance and repair of cars only of domestic production - 75% of the fleet, but only 21% of car service enterprises (maintenance);

- maintenance and repair of cars, both domestic and foreign - 51%.

By type of work STOA are divided into:

for diagnostic;

repair and adjustment of brakes;

repair of power supplies and electrical equipment;

repair of automatic transmissions;

body repair, tire fitting, washing, etc.

By production capacity(Based on the number of production posts and sites), urban workshops can be divided into small, medium, large and large.

Small service stations with up to 10 working posts perform the following types of work: washing and cleaning, express diagnostics, maintenance, lubrication, tire fitting, electric carburetor, bodywork, body tinting, welding, repair of units. The main share of this group is made up of specialized service stations. As a rule, they are engaged in performing only preventive work and are located within a radius not exceeding 10-15 km from the consumer.

Medium service stations with the number of working posts from 11 to 30 perform the same types of work as small stations. In addition, a complete diagnosis of the technical condition of the car and its units, painting of the entire car, replacement of units is carried out here, and cars can also be sold.

Large service stations with more than 30 posts perform all types of maintenance and repair in full. These workshops may have specialized areas for overhaul aggregates and nodes. Production lines can be used to perform diagnostic and maintenance work. As a rule, these service stations sell cars.

According to competitive characteristicsThe auto service market can be subdivided as follows.

First group- branded (dealer) service stations that sell and service cars of specific companies and work directly with companies, concerns, manufacturing enterprises - authorized centers. These specialized workshops have modern technological equipment, original spare parts, a wide range of services for a specific brand of vehicles, trained personnel with a high level of customer service culture, a high reputation and high prices.

Branded service stations perform functions related to the maintenance and repair of vehicles during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation. In addition, they can be considered as subdivisions of car factories, providing them with reliable information about the quality of cars produced. At the same time, branded service stations can act as centers for the production and technical training of personnel.

second groupconstitute the former state STOAs, which have great experience car service, specially designed premises, favorable location, good traditions, but outdated views on the attitude towards the consumer and inertia, which makes it difficult for them to fully and effectively adapt to market conditions. These workshops have good, but often outdated equipment, well-established relationships with consumers who are used to using their services, as a rule, low prices, they are trusted because they have been accustomed to adhere to laws since the old days, have a good image, but do not best quality spare parts. In terms of market coverage in terms of the range of services, they can be called universal.

To the third groupinclude private, newly created service stations that emerged after the transition to a market economy. In general, they have the same characteristics as the second group.

to the fourth groupinclude car services at the production and technical base of motor transport and other enterprises. Here, there is a relatively low level of maintenance and repair technology, a low service culture, low qualification of personnel, low aesthetics of production, an overestimated duration of work and a narrow specialization in car models.

to the fifth groupcar service enterprises include garage car services. In terms of characteristics, they are inferior to the enterprises of the previous group.

Question 7. Types of technological processes. Definitions and characteristics.

Answer:A technological process is a part of the production process that contains purposeful actions to change and (or) determine the state of the product. For example, in the process machining change the size, shape, relative position and size of the microroughness of the treated surfaces; during heat treatment - the state of the product, its hardness, structure and other properties of the material; when assembling a product, the relative position of the parts in the assembly being assembled.

The technological process is the main part of the production process.

Under the technological processes at the service station is understood the sequence of technological operations necessary to perform a certain type of technical impact.

The technological process at the service station should provide flexibility in the performance of the ordered maintenance and repair services, which involves the use of universal and specialized posts, and therefore the possibility of carrying out various combinations of production operations for all works of this type without moving the car (with the exception of specialized posts).

It is customary to distinguish three types of technological processes (TP):

· unit;

· typical;

· group.

Each TP is developed in preparation for the production of products, the designs of which have been worked out for manufacturability. A technological process is developed for the manufacture of a new product or the improvement of an existing one.

Unitthe technological process is developed individually for a specific part.

grouptechnological process is called the technological process of manufacturing a group of products with different design, but common technological features. The group technological process (GTP) is intended for the joint production of a group of products of various configurations under specific conditions at specialized workplaces. GTP is developed for the purpose of economically expedient application of methods and means of large-scale and mass production in the conditions of single, small-scale and serial production.

Modeltechnological process is called the technological process of manufacturing a group of products with common design and technological features. A typical technological process must be rational, in specific production conditions, characterized by the unity of the content and sequence of most technological operations for a group of products that have common design features.

Organizational forms of maintenance and repair of cars are very diverse. Modern workshops are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified according to specialization, production capacity (number of production posts and sites) and competitiveness.

Depending on the location STOA is divided into urban, mainly serving the fleet of cars of a specific locality or territory, and road providing technical assistance to cars on the way. This division determines the difference in the number of production posts and the technological equipment of service stations. Road service stations are universal, have from one to five working posts and are designed to perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions that occur along the way, as well as to refuel vehicles with fuel and oil. Road stations are usually built in conjunction with gas stations.

By specialization car service companies are divided into complex(universal), specialized by type of work and service station self-service. Integrated service stations perform the entire range of maintenance and repair of vehicles. They can be universal - for maintenance and repair of several brands of cars or specialized - for servicing one brand of car. With the increase in the fleet of cars and the diversification of its structure, specialized service stations for car brands are being developed. This is confirmed by foreign practice, as well as the experience of such cities as Almaty and Astana, Karaganda. The same situation takes place in Kostanay. For example, Intermotors LLP maintains and repairs only Japanese-made cars.

Specialized car service enterprises are also classified according to specific makes and models of cars and types of work (maintenance and repairs during the warranty period, maintenance and repairs after the warranty period).

Service stations are subdivided by level of specialization:

• - maintenance and repair of cars of foreign production only;
• - car maintenance and repair only domestic production(CIS countries);
• - Maintenance and repair of cars, both domestic and foreign production. Moreover, at car service enterprises, preventive effects prevail over repair ones for imported cars and repair ones over preventive ones for domestic cars.

Car repairs and accident elimination are usually carried out either by specialized workshops or by relatively large service stations equipped with special equipment.

By type of work STOs are subdivided into diagnostic, brake repair and adjustment, repair of power supplies and electrical equipment, repair automatic boxes gear, body repair, tire fitting, washing and others. For example, in the USA, highly specialized stations and workshops account for up to 25% of their total number.

In terms of production capacity (based on the number of production posts and sites), city service stations can be divided into small, medium, large and large.

Small service stations with up to 10 working posts perform the following types of work: washing and cleaning, express diagnostics, maintenance, lubrication, tire fitting, electric carburetor, bodywork, body tinting, welding, repair of units. The main share of this group is made up of specialized service stations. As a rule, they are engaged in performing only preventive work and are located within a radius not exceeding 10-15 km from the consumer.

Medium service stations, which include the one being designed, with the number of working posts from 11 to 30, perform the same types of work as small stations. In addition, a complete diagnosis of the technical condition of the car and its units, painting of the entire car, replacement of parts, and also car sales can be carried out here.

Large service stations with more than 30 posts perform all types of maintenance and repair in full. These service stations may have specialized areas for overhaul of units and assemblies. Production lines can be used to perform diagnostic and maintenance work. As a rule, these service stations sell cars.

According to competitive characteristics The auto service market can be subdivided as follows.

First group- branded (dealer) service stations that sell and service cars of specific companies and work directly with companies, concerns, manufacturing enterprises - authorized centers. These specialized workshops have modern technological equipment, original spare parts, a wide range of services for a particular brand of vehicles, trained personnel with a high level of customer service culture, a high reputation and high prices.

Branded service stations perform functions related to the maintenance and repair of vehicles during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation. In addition, they can be considered as subdivisions of car factories, providing them with reliable information about the quality of cars produced. At the same time, branded service stations can act as centers for the production and technical training of personnel.

second group make up the former state service stations, which have extensive experience in car service, specially designed premises, advantageous location, good traditions, but outdated views on the attitude towards the consumer and inertia, which makes it difficult for them to fully and effectively adapt to market conditions. These workshops have good but often outdated equipment, established relationships with customers who are used to using their services, usually low prices, they are trusted because they have been accustomed to adhere to laws since the old days, they have a good image, but not the best quality of spare parts. In terms of market coverage in terms of the range of services, they can be called universal.

To the third group include private, newly created service stations that emerged after the transition to a market economy. In general, they have the same characteristics as the second group.

to the fourth group include car services at the production and technical base of motor transport and other enterprises. Here, there is a relatively low level of maintenance and repair technology, a low service culture, low qualification of personnel, low aesthetics of production, an overestimated duration of work and a narrow specialization in car models.

to the fifth group car service enterprises include garage car services. In terms of characteristics, they are inferior to the enterprises of the previous group.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State educational institution of higher professional education

"Orenburg State University"

OK. AYUKASOVA

BASICS OF DESIGN OF TECHNICAL SERVICE STATIONS OF PASSENGER CARS

Recommended by the Academic Council of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Orenburg State University" as a teaching aid for students enrolled in the program of higher professional education in the specialty "Architecture of residential and public buildings"

Orenburg 2003

BBC 39.33 - 08 I 73 A 98 UDC 656.071.8 (075)

Reviewer Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor A.F. Kolinichenko

member of the Union of Architects of Russia V.L. Abramov

Ayukasova L.K.

A 98 Fundamentals of the design of service stations

cars: Tutorial. - Orenburg: GOU OGU, 2003. - 106 p.

The guide discusses general issues passenger car maintenance systems, basic design principles, connection of the functional and technological structure of service stations with the layout of the enterprise, its architectural solution.

The textbook is intended for students enrolled in vocational education programs in the specialty 290100, while studying the discipline "Architectural design"

Introduction

Road transport in our country is developing at a rapid pace qualitatively and quantitatively. Domestic automotive market is saturated with automotive products not only from Russian manufacturing plants, but also offers a huge range of cars from other countries of the world. The annual growth rate of the world car park is 10-12 million units. Four out of five vehicles in the world's total fleet are passenger cars and they account for more than 60% of passengers carried by all modes of transport.

The average car saturation in different countries ranges from 50 to 200 or more cars per 1,000 people. It is difficult to predict the maximum level of motorization for any country, but the degree of motorization of the population is growing.

Saturation with cars is determined by a number of factors, among which it should be noted such as the level of well-being of the population, the climatic features of a region or country, the development of a public mode of transport, the features of planning solutions for the street network of cities, the availability of garages and parking lots. The high growth rates of the fleet of cars owned by citizens, the complexity of their design, the intensification of traffic on the roads, and other factors led to the creation of a new branch of the auto maintenance industry. /9/

1. Car maintenance system

The car is a source of increased danger, and according to the current legislation, the owner is fully responsible for the technical condition and operation of the vehicle belonging to him. Maintenance of cars in a technically sound condition is ensured by timely maintenance and repair, the quality of which is the responsibility of the enterprises of the Auto Maintenance System, which ensure the performance of the relevant work. Works on maintenance (maintenance) and TR (current repairs) of cars, i.e. car maintenance, carry out service stations (car service stations) in the CAC (special car center) and workshops. Service stations are the basis of the production and technical base of the "Auto maintenance" system. From production to write-off, the car is periodically subjected to three sets of technical impacts: during pre-sale preparation, during warranty and post-warranty periods of operation. The listed technical actions can be carried out not only at the service station, but also at the relevant sections of large car dealerships (pre-sale preparation work). /9/

Pre-sale preparation cars. The quality of the car at the time of sale must meet the requirements of technical specifications

manufacturer. Pre-sales preparation is a prerequisite for ensuring the guarantees of the manufacturer. A car coming from the factory to the store, in order to preserve paintwork protected with an anti-corrosion compound, which is removed before sale. During transportation of the car, the surface of the body and the interior of the cabin are contaminated, and therefore they require washing and cleaning. Before the sale, the car is carefully inspected, the necessary adjustment and control work is carried out. All identified failures and malfunctions are eliminated. /9/

Car warranty service. Factory warranties -

manufacturers determine their responsibility for the quality of their products and include obligations to eliminate defects free of charge that are not caused by any violations of the rules for the sale and operation of cars, and to replace prematurely worn out or failed units, assemblies and parts due to the presence of hidden defects in them. Guarantee period set by the manufacturer based on mileage and time from the start of operation maintenance during the warranty period is carried out in a preventive manner at special auto centers, stations warranty service and service stations for general use (on a contractual basis) and includes washing and cleaning, control and diagnostic, fastening and adjustment, refueling and lubrication. At the maintenance enterprises, free consultations are held for car owners in order to clarify the rules for operating, caring for and storing cars. /9/

Maintenance of cars in the post-warranty period of operation. Maintenance includes the following complex of operations: cleaning, washing, refueling, lubricating,control and diagnostic,fixing, adjusting, electrocarburetor, tire repair. TO in the post-warranty period is divided into daily maintenance (EO), the first(TO-1) and second (TO-2) car maintenance, seasonal service(CO).

When EO, control and inspection work is carried out on units, systems, mechanisms that ensure traffic safety (tire condition, action brake systems, steering, lighting, signaling, etc.), as well as work to ensure the proper appearance of the car (washing, cleaning, polishing) and refueling the car with fuel, oil, coolant.

Before performing TO-2 or during it, it is advisable to carry out in-depth diagnostics of all the main units, components and systems of the vehicle to establish their technical condition, determine the nature of faults, their causes, as well as the possibility of further operation of the unit, assembly, system.

With TO-2, in addition to the scope of work for TO-1, a number of additional operations are performed: fixing, tightening, adjusting components and parts.

Modern service stations carry out: car sales and pre-sales service for new and used cars, sale of spare parts and related products, maintenance (TO-1, TO-2) and technical repair(TR), overhaul (CR) of units and refurbishment of vehicles, incl. and repair of damage to the car body caused by a traffic accident. /9/

2. STOA classification

The system that underlies the STOA classification varies in many countries. In the majority, as in Russia, stations are classified according to the number of working posts, tk. this gives an idea of ​​the size and capacity of the station, location, purpose and specialization of the service station.

V In our country, service stations are divided by purpose into: urban - for servicing a fleet of individual cars, and road - for providing technical assistance to all vehicles on my way.

City stations can be universal, specialized in types of work and car brands, service stations of car factories. In terms of production capacity, size and type of work performed, service stations are divided into 3 types: small, medium and large.

Small service stations up to ten working posts are designed to perform the following work: washing and harvesting, general diagnostics, maintenance, lubrication, recharging batteries, bodywork (in a small volume), touch-up of the body, welding, maintenance, as well as the sale of spare parts and automotive accessories.

Medium service stations with up to 34 working posts perform the same work as small ones. In addition, they carry out in-depth diagnostics of cars and their units, repair and restoration of bodies, painting the entire car, wallpaper work, repair of units and batteries, and it is also possible to sell cars.

Large service stations with more than 34 working posts perform all types of maintenance and repair of medium stations in full. They have specialized areas for overhaul of units and assemblies. Production lines can be used to perform diagnostic work. Cars are being sold.

V depending on the location of medium and large service stations, it is possible to organize on-call technical assistance, refueling vehicles with fuel and lubricants. /eight/