17.03.2020

Pursuant to the Order of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education Russian Federation dated March 14, 2020 No. 397 "On the organization of educational activities in organizations implementing educational programs of higher education and relevant additional professional programs, in the context of preventing the spread of a new coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation" and in accordance with the order of the Gagarin State Technical University Yu.A. . No. 246 from […]

Future techies demonstrated knowledge and professional skills in a competition format

17.03.2020

A subject week of the Methodological Commission of Technical Specialties and Disciplines was held at the Department of Technical Specialties. The objective of this traditional event is to control knowledge in the taught disciplines and professional modules, improve the quality of training of mid-level specialists, improve their professional competence, and realize the creative potential of students. In addition, subject week classes are necessary to increase the motivation and creativity of teachers within […]

There were 68 of them: representatives of the naval assembly told the Gagarins about the feat of the Soviet paratroopers

16.03.2020

The Central City Library for Children and Youth hosted another event for college students on the occasion of the celebration of the 75th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War. The meeting of first-year students of the department of Technical, socially-oriented specialties of general education disciplines (PD-911 group) with representatives of the Saratov Naval Assembly Vladislav Ivanov and Mikhail Pankratov was dedicated to the heroism of the detachment of marines during the liberation of the city of Nikolaev in […]

In the homeland of the first cosmonaut

13.03.2020

From March 9 to March 11, 2020, the XLVII International Social Science Readings dedicated to the memory of Yu.A. Gagarin. Our delegation was represented by methodologists Elena Panfirova, Olga Moiseenko, students of the TRK-931 group Tatiana Starikova and Ivan Muradov. The plenary session was attended by many guests of honor, representatives of the Cosmonaut Training Center named after Yu.A. Gagarin. […]

Team of girls from Gagarin College won the volleyball championship among students

13.03.2020

The city competitions in volleyball among female students of educational institutions of the system of secondary vocational education have ended. The tournament in the gym of the Saratov College of Railway Transport was held in a round robin system. In all 6 matches played, our team won a confident victory - over rivals from the Medical College, the Regional Pedagogical College, the College of Geology, the College of Finance and Technology, the College of Law and, finally, over the owners of the site. So […]

Participation in a creative competition is a guarantee of personal development

12.03.2020

The results of the competition of student creative works dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Yu.A. Gagarin Professional Pedagogical College have been summed up. and the 55th anniversary of the National Museum, which also bears the name of the world's first cosmonaut. There were two stages in the program of the event - preliminary and full-time. In total, 135 applications were received from students from all departments of the college to participate in the competition. The largest number of works for consideration by the jury […]

College Students Attend a Tourist Business Seminar

12.03.2020

Third-year students studying at the Department of Economics and Service with a degree in Tourism, together with a teacher Lyudmila Smaga, attended a traditional meeting during which local travel agencies exchange experience with colleagues from other regions and countries. The current workshop in the Workshop format, organized by the PEGAS Touristik tour operator, was unusual - its participants were divided into 7 […]

"Invariably keep the memory of Yuri Gagarin and pass it on to descendants"

10.03.2020

A rally dedicated to the 86th anniversary of Yu.A. Gagarin. It was attended by students of the Professional Pedagogical College of the SSTU named after Yu.A. Gagarin. and Saratov State Technical University. The opening speech was delivered by the head of the National Museum Yu.A. Gagarin PPK SGTU named after Gagarin Yu.A. Inna Buikevich. A participant in the launch of Yuri Gagarin into space, Lieutenant Colonel, […]

Maintenance and car repair

Road transport is one of the most important and basic elements of any production. More than 50% of the total volume of transportation is partially or completely carried out by road transport.

In the current economic situation, the problem of reorganization and restructuring of existing motor transport enterprises is acute. Recently, the need for cargo transportation by trucks has sharply decreased, so large motor transport enterprises are forced to look for additional sources of profit, master the repair of modern equipment, and introduce new types of services. It is necessary to clearly formulate the goals set, try to maximize profits and, to the extent possible, minimize production costs.

One of the most important tasks in the field of car fleet operation is the further improvement of the organization of maintenance and current repair vehicles in order to increase their performance and at the same time reduce operating costs. The relevance of this task is also confirmed by the fact that many times more labor and money are spent on the maintenance of a car than on its production.

At present, on the basis of scientific and technological progress, the planned preventive maintenance and repair system for the rolling stock of the timber industry complex as a whole, proven by many years of experience, is being further developed.

How to organize road transport, as well as in the area technical operation cars begin to apply various economic and mathematical methods of analysis, planning and design. New methods and means of diagnosing are being developed and implemented more and more widely. technical condition and predicting the uptime resources of vehicles. New types of technological equipment are being created that make it possible to mechanize, and in some cases even automate, labor-intensive operations for the maintenance and repair of rolling stock. Modern forms of production management are being developed, which are designed for the use of electronic computers with a further transition to an automated control system.

With the ever-increasing saturation of the national economy with cars modern system management provides for new structural divisions of road transport - auto plants and production associations, repair and maintenance bases, which potentially contribute to the transition to a centralized production of car maintenance and repair.

The most important task in any economy is the organization of maintenance and current repair of cars.

Calculation of the number of technical maintenance of rolling stock per year

We determine the total mileage of cars for the planned period L total.

L total = ? ss * A ss * D k * b c \u003d 110 * 25 * 251 * 0.8 \u003d 552200 km.

where? ss - average daily mileage of the car, km.

And ss - the average number of cars, units.

D to - the number of calendar days in a year

b c - coefficient of production of cars per line.

Number of maintenance #2 (N then -2)

N then -2 = = = = 43.8 units. = 44 units.

where L total is the total mileage of cars, km

Number of maintenance #1 (N then -1)

N then -1 = = = - N then -2 = 131.3 = 131 units

Quantity daily services N eo

N eo = = = 5020 units

Quantity seasonal service N co

N co \u003d 2 * A ss \u003d 2 * 25 \u003d 50 units

Calculation of the labor intensity of maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock

Maintenance #2

maintenance complexity

Annual labor intensity of maintenance No. 2 ()

= * N then -2 = 37.605 * 44 = 1654.6 man-hours

Maintenance #1

= * = 7.9 * 1.15 = 9.085 man-hours

= * N then -1 = 9.085 * 131 = 1190.1 man-hours

Daily Maintenance

= * = 1.15 * 1.15 = 1.3225 man-hours

\u003d * N eo \u003d 1.3225 * 5020 \u003d 6638.95 man-hours

Seasonal Service

t co \u003d * \u003d * 37.605 \u003d 7.521 man-hours

T co auth * N co \u003d 7.521 * 50 \u003d 376.05 man-hours

where P co - labor intensity standard for seasonal maintenance, %

Maintenance

Correction of the labor intensity of current repairs per 1000 km of run

= * =7.0 * 0.828 = 5.796 man-hours

The resulting correction factor of labor intensity tr

0.9 * 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.8 * 1.15 = 0.828 annual labor intensity tr

T tr = = = = 3200.55 man-hour

The total labor intensity of technical maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock

T then, tr \u003d T to-2 + T to-1 + T eo + T co + T tr \u003d 1654.6 + 1190.1 + 6638.95 + 376.05 + 3200.55 \u003d 13060.25 man-hours

Calculation of the number of repair workers

Total number of repair workers

6.91 people = 7 people

where FRV is the annual fund of working time of a repair worker, hour.

(take 1800 hours).

h - coefficient taking into account the growth of labor productivity of repair workers. Take from 1.05 to 1.08.

Number of repair workers by types of impacts

1.07 = 1 person

0.62 = 1 person

3.51 = 4 people

1.69 = 2 people

1 + 1 + 4 + 2 = 8

Maintenance worker payroll

Calculation of tariff rates by category

Hourly rate of a time worker:

14.99 rub.

where C months - the minimum tariff rate of a worker, rub.

166.3 - average monthly working time fund, h.

The hourly rate of a worker pieceworker:

16.28 rub. = *

Calculation of hourly tariff rates for repair workers II-VI categories

14.99 * 1.09 = 16.34 rubles. \u003d 14.99 * 1.54 \u003d 23.08 rubles.

14.99 * 1.20 = 17.99 rubles = 14.99 * 1.80 = 26.98 rubles.

14.99 * 1.35 = 20.24 rubles = 104.63: 5 = 20.93

16.28 * 1.09 = 17.75 rubles. \u003d 16.28 * 1.54 \u003d 25.07 rubles.

16.28 * 1.20 = 19.54 rubles. \u003d 16.28 * 1.80 \u003d 29.30 rubles.

16.28 * 1.35 = 21.99 rubles. = 113.65: 5 = 22.73

Average hourly rates for maintenance workers

Average tariff coefficient

\u003d + () * (P s - P m) \u003d 1.09 + (1.20 - 1.09) * (3.6 - 3) \u003d 0.72

where is the tariff coefficient corresponding to the smaller of two adjacent categories of the tariff scale, between which there is an average tariff category.

The tariff coefficient corresponding to the larger of the two adjacent categories of the tariff scale, between which there is an average tariff category

R s - average tariff category

R m - the smaller of two adjacent categories of the tariff scale, between which there is an average tariff category.

= * = 14.99 * 0.72 = 10.79 rubles.

C h to-1 (to-2, tr) \u003d * \u003d 16.28 * 0.72 \u003d 11.72 rubles.

Piece rate for one TO-2 ()

= * = 11.72 * 37,605 = 440.73 rubles

Piecework wages of repair workers employed at TO-2 ()

18468.68 rub.

maintenance repair cost price

Piece rate for one CO ()

\u003d * t w \u003d 11.72 * 7.521 \u003d 88.15 rubles.

Piecework wages of repair workers for the implementation of CO ()

4197.6 rub.

Piecework wages of repair workers employed in TO-2 and CO ()

18468.68 + 4197.6 = 22666.28 rubles

Piece rate for one TO-1 ()

= * = 11.72 * 9.085 = 106.5 rubles.

Piecework wages of repair workers employed at TO-1 ()

13287.14 rub.

Time wages for maintenance workers. Employed on EO ()

68223.1 rub.

Piece rate for 1000 km. car mileage per TR ()

= * = 11.72 * 5,796 = 67.9 rubles.

Piecework indirect wages of repair workers employed in TR ()

35709 rub.

Surcharges for unfavorable working conditions

D nebl.us.t. = = = = 23388.4 rub.

where - the average hourly wage rate of a repair worker employed at TO-2 or Tr

Percentage of additional payment for unfavorable working conditions

accept from 8% to 10%

Number of employees employed in jobs with unfavorable working conditions, pers. In calculations, take - 10%

12 is the number of months in a year.

Night work allowance

D n.h. = * * T n.h. * D r.n.ch. * = * 21.8 * 8 * 60 * 2 = 8371.2 rubles.

= * (1 +) = 11.72 * (1 +) = 11.72 * 1.86 = 21.8 rubles.

where 40 is the amount of additional payment for night work. %

The average hourly wage rate of a repair worker employed in the corresponding type of To or TR, taking into account unfavorable working conditions, rub.

Piecework or hourly wages of repair workers employed in the corresponding type of service

T n.h - the number of hours worked by one worker at night, h.

D r.n.h. - the number of working days per year with work at night, days.

Number of repair workers working at night, pers.

Extra pay for evening work.

D w.h. = * * T w.h * D r.w.h * = * 21.8 * 60 * 8 = 2092.8 rubles.

where 20 - the amount of additional payment for work in the evening,%

T v.h - the number of hours worked by one worker in the evening hours, i.e. from 18 to 22 hours.

D r.v.h - the number of working days per year with work in the evening, days.

Number of repair workers working in the evening hours, pers.

Surcharge for leading a brigade by a foreman (D br)

D br \u003d * N br * 12 \u003d 4958.56 * 1 * 12 \u003d 5982.72 rubles.

498.56 rub.

where - additional payment for the management of the brigade per month, rub.

br - percentage of additional payment for the leadership of the team

N br - the number of foremen

With a team of up to 10 people - 20%

over 10 people - 25%

over 25 people - 35%

Calculation of premiums for repair workers employed in EO, TO and Tr.

P p = = = = 16255 rubles.

where P p - the size of the premium,%. In calculations, take 60 - 80%

Wage fund of repair workers for hours worked.

FZP otvV. = + D negl.cons.t. + D.n.h. + D w.h. + D br. + P r = 27091.85 + 23388.4 + 8371.2 + 2092.8 + 5982.72 + 16255 = 83181.97 rub.

FZP ot.v = + + + = 22666.28 + 13287.14 + 68223.1 + 35709 = 139885.52 rubles.

Wages for unworked time for all types of impacts.

RFP neot.v = = = = 21682.25 rub.

where is the percentage of wages for unworked time

FZP ot.v - wage fund for hours worked for all types of impacts.

1 = + 1 = + 1 = 15,5%

where D o - duration of paid leave (24 days)

D to - the number of days of work in a year

D in - the number of Sundays

D p - quantity public holidays - 10

Wage fund of repair workers for all types of impacts.

FZP = ? FZP from.v. +? FZP neov.v. = 139885.52 + 21682.25 = 161567.77

Deductions for social needs

About social = = = = 45077.4 rub.

where is the percentage of contributions for social needs

Material costs

For maintenance No. 2

M to-2 \u003d * N to-2 \u003d 7.62 * 44 \u003d 335 rubles.

For maintenance No. 1

M to-1 \u003d * N to-1 \u003d 2.75 * 131 \u003d 360 rubles.

For daily service

M eo \u003d * N eo \u003d 0.49 * 5020 \u003d 2459.8 rubles.

For current repairs

M tr = = = = 2186.7 rubles.

where, is the cost rate for materials per impact, rub.

Cost rate for materials for TR per 1000 km, rub.

M then, tr \u003d M to-2 + M to-1 + M eo + M tr \u003d 335 + 360 + 2459.8 + 2186.7 \u003d 5335.5 rubles.

Spare parts costs for TR

ZCH tr = = = = 4511.47 rubles.

where is the cost rate for spare parts per 1000 kilometers.

The initial cost of a rolling stock unit (From the first)

From the first \u003d C aut * K ext \u003d 200,000 * 1.05 \u003d 210,000 rubles.

where Caut - the price of the car, rub.

To dost - coefficient taking into account the cost of delivering a new car to the ATP, take from 1.05 to 1.07.

The cost of the BPF serving the process of maintenance and TR

1312500 rub.

where A ss - the average number of cars, units.

25 - for the cost of fixed production assets from the cost of rolling stock,%

Depreciation of fixed production assets serving the maintenance and repair process

131250 rub.

where N am - the average depreciation rate of buildings and equipment serving the process of TO and TR,% (take 10-12%).

Execution costs production program enterprises for maintenance and repair of rolling stock.

Z then, tr \u003d ?

Calculation of the full cost of one service

Wage fund for repair workers employed at TO-1 for hours worked.

13287.14 rub.

Wage fund for repair workers employed at TO-1 for unworked time

2059.50 rub.

Wage fund of repair workers employed at TO-1

FZP to-1 = + = 13287.14 + 2059.50 = 15346.64 rubles.

Deductions for social needs from the wage fund of workers employed at TO-1

4281.71 rub.

Material costs for TO-1

M to-1 \u003d 360 + 15346.64 + 4281.71 \u003d 19988.35 rubles.

Depreciation of fixed assets serving the TO-1 process

13125 rub.

where 10 is the share of depreciation of fixed assets serving the TO-1 process,% (accept 10 - 12%).

General business expenses (costs)

13185.4 rub.

The amount of costs for TO-1

Z to-1 \u003d \u003d 15346.64 + 4281.71 + 19988.35 + 13125 + 13185.4 \u003d 65927.1 rubles.

Full cost of one service

S then-1 = = = 503.2 rub.

Calculation of financial indicators from the performance of technical services by third parties.

Calculation of the price for the performance of one service

C to-1 \u003d S to-1 + \u003d 503.2 + \u003d 503.2 + 201.28 \u003d 704.48 rubles.

Rent - the level of profitability, taking into account profit (take 40%).

The number of services performed by third parties.

N then-1 = = = = 26.2 units.

where P store - the number of actions performed by third parties,%.

Income from the provision of services to third parties

D to-1 \u003d C to-1 * N to-1 \u003d 704.48 * 26.2 \u003d 18457.37 rubles.

Profit from the performance of services to third parties

P to-1 \u003d D to-1 +? Z to-1 \u003d 18457.37 + 65927.1 \u003d 84384.47 rubles.

Bibliography

• 1. Maintenance and repair of cars: A textbook for students. medium institutions. prof. education V.M. Vlasov, S.V. Zhankaziev, S.M. Kruglov and others; edited by V.M. Vlasov. - 2nd ed., Ster.-M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, - 480s.
• 2. Sukhanov B.N., Borzykh I.O., Bedarev Yu.F. Maintenance and repair of automobiles: a guide for coursework and diploma design. -M.: Transport, 1985, - 224s.
• 3. Turevsky I.S. Diploma design of motor transport enterprises: tutorial. -M.: Publishing House "Forum": Infra-M, 2007, - 240s.: ill. - (Professional education).
• 4. Buraev Yu.V. Life safety in transport: textbook. For students of higher educational institutions / Yu.V. Buraev - M.: Academy 2004. - 272s.
• 5. Napolsky G.M. Technological design motor transport enterprises and service stations - M.: Transport, 1993. - 272p.
• 6. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport. - Minavtotrans RSFSR. - M.: Transport, 1986. - 73s.
• 7. Afanasiev L.L. and others. Garages and car service stations, M .: Transport, 1980 - 261s.
• 8. Methodology for assessing the level and degree of mechanization and automation of the production of maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of the ATP. MU - 200 - RSFSR - 13 - 0087 - 87. M .: Minavtotrans, 1989. - 101s.
• 9. Kurchatkin V.V. Reliability and repair of machines. - M.: Kolos, 2000.
• 10. E.I. Pavlova, Yu.V. Buravlev. "Ecology of transport". M.: Transport, 1998.

Vehicle maintenance and repair system

Maintenance (TO) is a preventive measure carried out in a planned manner after a certain duration of mileage or the period of operation of the rolling stock,

Maintenance is designed to maintain the rolling stock in a technically sound condition, reduce the wear rate of parts, as well as to identify failures and malfunctions in order to eliminate them in a timely manner.

Maintenance or repair operations are carried out with or without preliminary control. The main control method is technical diagnostics, which makes it possible to determine the technical condition of the vehicle, its units and mechanisms without disassembly, and which refers to one of the technological elements of maintenance and repair.

Compliance with the established terms of maintenance and its high-quality implementation in the required volume ensure high technical readiness of the rolling stock, increase its service life, reduce the need for repairs and the cost of its maintenance.

Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport (M.: Transport, 1986) defines the basic principles for organizing maintenance of rolling stock, establishes standards for the frequency of maintenance and repairs; runs of cars and their main units up to the first KR; the complexity of maintenance and repair and other operational impacts that ensure high technical readiness and reliability of vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.

For the operational accounting of changes in the design of the rolling stock and operating conditions, the Regulation provides for two parts.

The first part of the Regulation sets out the basics of maintenance and repair of rolling stock, defines the system and principles for maintaining rolling stock, It establishes systems and types of adjustments to standards, principles for organizing maintenance and repair of rolling stock, and other fundamental points.

The second part, in relation to specific models of various car families, establishes the types of maintenance and repair, lists of operations performed at the same time and their labor intensity; overhaul runs; contains a chemotological map and other materials necessary for planning and organizing maintenance and repair. It is developed in the form of separate annexes to the first part and is approved by the Ministry of Road Transport of the RSFSR as the design of cars, their operating conditions and other factors require adjustment of the initial settings of the first part of the Regulation.

Technical maintenance of the rolling stock according to the frequency, as well as the labor intensity, are divided into the following types: daily maintenance (EO); first TO (TO-1); second TO (TO-2); seasonal maintenance (SO).

SW includes control and inspection work aimed at ensuring traffic safety, as well as work to maintain proper appearance, refueling, oil and coolant, and for some types of specialized rolling stock - body sanitization. The SW is performed at the ATP after the rolling stock has been operating on the line. The control of the technical condition of cars before leaving the line, as well as when changing drivers on the line, is carried out by them at the expense of preparatory and final time.

When planning maintenance, the following recommendations should be considered.
1. Frequency of maintenance trucks KamAZ, MA3-5335, GAZ-53-12, bus J1A3-4202 is established by the second part of the Regulations for a specific family of rolling stock.
2. Permissible deviation from the maintenance frequency standards is ± 10%,
3. The frequency of replacement of oils and lubricants is specified depending on the types (models) and design features units and mechanisms, as well as the brand of oil or lubricant used.
4. The maintenance intervals of trailers and semi-trailers are equal to the maintenance intervals of their tractors,
5. SA is carried out 2 times a year and includes work to prepare the rolling stock for operation in the summer and winter periods.
6. As a separately planned type of maintenance of rolling stock, it is recommended to carry out in areas of very cold, hot dry and very hot dry climates. For most conditions, CO is combined mainly with TO-2 with a corresponding increase in labor intensity.
7. All types of maintenance of the rolling stock are carried out in accordance with the list of basic operations given in Appendix 5 and the chemical map of the Regulations. With regard to specific models of rolling stock, maintenance operations are specified in the second part of the Regulation.
8. Maintenance must ensure trouble-free operation of the rolling stock within the established intervals when performing the required maintenance operations.
9. Labor intensity standards TO-1 and TO-2 do not include the labor intensity of the SW.
10. The CO standards in relation to the labor intensity of TO-2 are: 50% for areas of very cold and very hot dry climates, 30% for areas of cold and hot dry climates and 20% for other climatic regions.
11. Labor intensity standards do not take into account labor costs for performing work that does not exceed 30% of the total labor intensity of TO and TP for ATP.

The structure of auxiliary works includes: maintenance and repair of equipment and tools; transport and handling operations related to maintenance and repair of rolling stock; driving cars inside the ATP; storage, acceptance and issuance of material assets; cleaning of industrial premises associated with maintenance and repair of rolling stock.

Below is a list of works performed during various types of rolling stock maintenance.

Daily Maintenance

The daily maintenance of the rolling stock consists of cleaning and washing, control and inspection, lubrication and refueling work performed by a special team.

Cleaning and washing works include cleaning the body (cabin) and platform, washing and drying the car (trailer, semi-trailer), sanitizing special rolling stock, cleaning and wiping the rear-view mirror, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, rear lights and brake light, front and side windows of the cab and license plates.

Control and inspection work includes an external inspection of a car (trailer, semi-trailer) in order to identify external damage, as well as checking the performance of the most important units, mechanisms and systems. An external inspection checks the condition of the cab doors, platform, windows, rear-view mirrors, sun visors, plumage, license plates, door mechanisms, the locking mechanism of the tilting cab, the locks of the platform sides, the hood, the trunk lid, the tailgate of the dump truck and its mechanism constipation, frame, springs, wheels, fifth wheel (towing) device, semi-trailer road wheels, reliability of the trailer hitch, correctness and integrity of the sealing of the speedometer and taximeter, operation of lighting and light signaling devices, sound signal, windscreen wipers, windshield washers and headlights, heating and glass heating systems (with low temperatures), ventilation systems.

It is also necessary to check the condition and tightness of the power steering booster, the steering wheel play, the condition of the limiters of the maximum angles of rotation of the steered wheels, the brake drive and the clutch release mechanism, the power supply, lubrication and cooling systems of the engine, the hydraulic system of the dump truck platform lifting mechanism, the tension drive belts. The operation of the speedometer, taximeter and other instrumentation, engine, clutch, steering, brakes must be checked while the vehicle is moving. When the engine is stopped by ear, check the operation of the centrifugal oil filter by the characteristic hum.

Specific control and inspection work on buses consists in inspecting the condition of the floor, footboards, handrails, seats, glass windows and doors of the bus interior, checking the serviceability of the mechanism for opening covers of ceiling ventilation hatches, tightness air suspension, checking the operation of door opening mechanisms, for buses with a hydromechanical gearbox - rotational speeds crankshaft engine on Idling(if necessary, adjust it so that the unbraked bus remains stationary on level ground with the gear engaged and the accelerator pedal released).

It is also necessary to check the operation of the alarm from the passenger compartment to the driver, the serviceability of the lighting devices in the passenger compartment and the footboards, position lamps, the presence of route indicators, the serviceability of the ventilation system, the interior heating (at low temperatures), the loudspeaker, the condition of the base of the body, pneumatic cylinders, suspension, storage cash registers and composters. It is necessary to clean the salon, clean the upholstery of the pillows and seat backs, clean the bins for used tickets.

For a car with an engine running on liquefied or compressed gas, it is necessary to check the condition and fastening of gas cylinders, reducer, valves, mixer (carburetor-mixer) before leaving the line, solenoid valve and other equipment, the tightness of the gas system connections by ear with open flow and main valves, ease of starting and engine operation at idle and at various crankshaft speeds, engine operation on gasoline. After returning the car from the line, it is necessary to clean the cylinder fittings and devices gas equipment from dust and dirt and, if necessary, wash. Close the flow valves of the cylinders and release gas from the system, close the main valve, drain the sludge from the gas reducer low pressure.

Lubrication, cleaning and filling work. These include checking the oil level in the crankcases and hydromechanical box gears, in the high-pressure fuel pump and the engine crankshaft speed regulator, the fluid level in the hydraulic brake drives and the clutch release mechanism. When parking the car, it is necessary to refuel the car with fuel, fill the windshield and headlight washer tanks with water, drain the condensate from the water separator of the air cylinders of the pneumatic brake actuator, sediment from fuel filters and fuel tank(last at diesel vehicles in winter). When cars are stored outside the garage in winter, the water from the engine cooling system and the starting heater is drained, and before starting the engine, the system is refilled with hot water.

First maintenance

At TO-1, it is necessary to carry out the following control (diagnostic), fixing and adjustment work (rolling stock arrives after washing and cleaning).

Carry out general control and inspection work of the SW. Check the fastening of the engine and the components of the power supply and exhaust systems, the action of the withdrawal spring and the free travel of the pedal and the tightness of the hydraulic clutch release system. Check the fastening of the bracket and components of the power cylinder of the pneumatic booster, the fastening and operation of the gearbox, transfer box and a divider on a stationary vehicle, fastening of the hydromechanical gearbox to the base of the bus, oil pan and the condition of the engine oil pipelines, electrical wire lugs, correct adjustment of the peripheral valve control mechanism.

Check the play in the hinges and spline joints of the driveline, the condition and fastening of the intermediate support and support plates of needle bearings, flanges cardan shafts, tightness of connections of driving axles, fastening of the gearbox housing, axle shaft flanges and wheel gear covers.

Check fastening and splinting of nuts of ball pins, bipods, levers of pivot pins, condition of kingpins and lock washers of nuts, play of the steering wheel and steering rod joints, tightness of nuts of steering propeller shaft wedges, play of wheel hub bearings.

Visually check the external condition of the compressor, its operation by ear and by the pressure gauge, the pressure it creates, the condition and tightness of pipelines and devices brake system, the effectiveness of the brakes on the stand, the pins of the brake chamber rods of the pneumatic brake drive, the stroke of the brake chamber rods, the free and working travel of the brake pedal, check the serviceability brake valve pneumatic brake drive, the condition and tightness of the booster master cylinder, wheel cylinders and their connections with pipelines, the serviceability of the drive and the operation of the parking brake.

Check the condition of the frame, suspension units and parts, the towing (fifth wheel) device, the condition and operation of the mechanism for lifting the semi-trailer road wheels, the fastening of the stepladders and spring pins, the fastening of the wheels, the tightness of the air suspension, the condition of the tires and the air pressure in them. Remove foreign objects stuck in the tread and between the twin wheels.

Check the cab, platform (body) and plumage of the vehicle, the condition and operation of the locking mechanism, the stop of the limiter and the safety device of the tipping cab, the operation of the locks, hinges and handles of the cab doors, the attachment of the platform to the vehicle frame, spare wheel, fenders, steps, mudguards. Inspect the cabin and platform surfaces, if necessary, clean them of corrosion and apply protective covering.

Check the condition of the devices of the power supply system, their fastening and tightness of the connections. On diesel vehicles, check the operation of the fuel control actuator. If necessary, adjust the content of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases of carburetor engines.

Works on the power supply system of vehicles running on liquefied and compressed gases are as follows. Before putting the car on the maintenance post (line), check the tightness of pipelines and fittings of gas cylinders (at least once every 3 months, check the operation of the gas reducer safety valve). Close the flow valves of the cylinders and exhaust the gas from the system (until the engine stops). Close the main valve and switch to engine operation on gasoline. If necessary, remove the gas from the cylinders. Check by inspection the tightness of the electromagnetic shut-off valves-filters of the gas and petrol systems, condition and fastening of gas cylinders, flow and main valves, gas pipelines, high and low pressure gas reducers, carburetor-mixer, heater and gas supply pipelines. Lubricate the threads of the stems of the main, filling and flow valves, remove, clean and reinstall the filters of the high and low pressure reducers and the filter element of the main filter. Drain the sediment from the low pressure gas regulator.

Check the tightness of the gas and gasoline power systems compressed air or nitrogen, starting and running the engine on gas, and then idling at different crankshaft speeds, the same on gasoline, the operation of electromagnetic shut-off valves on gas and gasoline, if necessary, adjust the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases when the engine is running on gas and then petrol.

Before checking the operation of the engine on gasoline, it is necessary to completely turn off the gas supply and develop gas from the fuel system (before the engine stops).

When servicing electrical equipment, it is necessary to clean the battery from dust and dirt, traces of electrolyte, clean the ventilation holes in the plugs, check the condition of the wire lugs and their attachment to the output pins, and the electrolyte level. Check the operation of the horn, instrument panel lamps, lighting and signaling, instrumentation, headlights, sidelights, rear lights, brake light and light switch, and in the cold season of electrical equipment of the heating system and preheater, fastening of the generator and starter and the state of their contact connections, fastening of the distributor. Wipe the breaker contacts with a linen cloth.

Check the reliability of fastening of the speedometer drive with a mechanical drive, the integrity of the flexible shaft shell, its tips, the condition and fastening of the speedometer with an electric drive and its sensor, the correct sealing of the speedometer and its drives according to the instructions.

Lubricate the friction units and check the oil level in the crankcases of the units and reservoirs of hydraulic drives in accordance with the chemotological map; check the fluid level in the brake and clutch hydraulic drives, in the windshield and headlight washer reservoirs, and in the cold season and in the anti-freeze protection of the brake drive supply system with compressed air. Clean the gearbox and axle breathers, flush air filters hydraulic vacuum (vacuum) brake booster. Drain the condensate from the air cylinders of the pneumatic brake drive, clean the air intake grids on the torque converter housing from dust and dirt.

For diesel vehicles, drain the sediment from the fuel tank and coarse and fine cleaning fuel, check the oil level in the high pressure fuel pump and engine speed control.

When working in dusty conditions, change the engine oil, drain the sediment from the oil filters and clean the inner surface of the centrifugal oil filter cover from deposits; rinse the pan and filter elements air filters engine power supply and crankcase ventilation systems, coarse filter.

After servicing the car, it is necessary to check the operability of units, mechanisms and devices by running the car or at the diagnostic station.

Additional work on dump trucks and tractors consists in checking the condition of the subframe, subframe bars and hinged devices for lifting the platform, the fifth wheel and towing devices, the condition and tightness of the connections of oil pipelines, hoses, the action of lifting the platform, the safety stop of the platform, the condition of the rear sides and action of its locking device, the state and fastening of the power take-off, the covers of the axles of the tipping platform, the connections of the rod and the cylinder of the platform lifting device. It is necessary to check the oil level in the reservoir of the platform lift mechanism, if necessary add oil or replace (according to the schedule).

For special bus service and cars include checking the condition of the frame, floor, seat upholstery, locking of windows and hatches, handrails, brackets, fastening and operation of marker lights, lamps for lighting the route indicator and route number, the condition of doors and their opening mechanisms, the operation of power windows, door locks, hoods, trunk lids , instrument panel status, body upholstery (for passenger cars), signaling from the passenger compartment to the driver. The serviceability of the air suspension and the body position regulator, the condition of the trusses, the side members of the body base, compressors and storage cash desks, the ticketing mechanism are checked.

Second maintenance

At TO-2, they perform all the work provided for by TO-1, and additionally control and adjustment work. If necessary, change the oil in the engine, transmission units, steering, high pressure pump, etc.

Devices for engine cooling and power systems, electrical equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic brake drives, power steering and others must be carefully checked on the vehicle, and the most complex of them (carburetors, gas reducers, fuel pumps, injectors, generators, relay-regulators, starters etc. must be removed from the car, checked and adjusted on special devices and stands.

It is necessary to check the angles of installation and rotation of the front wheels, the condition and adjustment of the bearings of all wheels.

With TO-2 buses and cars, it is necessary to additionally check the condition and fastening of the body base parts, frames, sidewalls, interior lining, partitions, doors, steps, steps, floors, frames, windows, seats, skylights and handrails. Check the condition of anti-corrosion coatings and painted surfaces of the body. If necessary, clean the surface from corrosion and apply a protective coating. AT engine compartment check the condition of the driver's seat and the mechanism for its regulation, the hatch door of the route indicator. Check the interior lighting, the operation and tightness of the heating system. Door control mechanisms are removed, disassembled, cleaned and parts checked, worn parts are replaced, then the mechanisms are assembled, lubricated and checked for their operation. Upon completion of these works, it is necessary to disinfect the interior of the bus (according to the schedule), wash its walls, ceiling, handrails, windows, doors, cushions and seat backs with warm water and detergent, and then wipe it with a dry cloth.

Seasonal maintenance

Seasonal maintenance is carried out at the next TO-2 in order to prepare the car for work in winter or summer conditions operation. When the car’s CO, all types of work provided for by TO-2 are performed, and additionally they flush the engine cooling system, preheater, check the condition and operation of the drain valves of the cooling, power and brake systems, check and fill the systems with the appropriate liquid. Change the oil in the engine, transmission units, steering and high pressure pump to the appropriate winter or summer oils. The replacement is carried out with a preliminary flushing of the crankcases with kerosene (except for the engine and the high pressure fuel pump), and the gearboxes of MAZ vehicles and its modifications are washed only mineral oils. Bring the density of the electrolyte charged batteries up to the norm corresponding winter period. Batteries are insulated. It is also necessary to check the operation of the relay-regulator and, if necessary, adjust it. Clean and blow out the internal cavities of the generator and starter, if necessary, disassemble them, replace worn parts and lubricate the bearings, replace the lubricant of the flexible shaft of the speedometer mechanical drive and the cylindrical gears of the electric speedometer, check that the speedometer and its drive are sealed correctly. Check the windshield wipers, thermostat and radiator shutters, the serviceability of the cooling fan clutch engagement sensor and the alarm sensors for the coolant temperature and oil pressure in the lubrication system, the condition of the door and window seals.

Clean the corroded surfaces of the body, cab and fenders and paint them; apply anti-corrosion mastic to the lower surfaces of the wings and bodies of buses and cars; adjust carburetors and high pressure fuel pumps for operation in winter conditions; equip cars with snow chains, trenching tools, insulating covers for the hood and radiator, and towing cables.

Before carrying out the SS of vehicles running on liquefied or compressed gases, it is necessary to drain (release) the gas from the cylinders, and degas the cylinders with inert gas, blow the gas pipelines with compressed air, check the response pressure of the cylinder safety valves, the operation of the maximum crankshaft speed limiter, the serviceability of pressure gauges with entering the results of the check in the log of control checks; remove the gas reducer, mixer (carburetor-mixer) from the car, fuel pump, evaporator, main valve, disassemble them, rinse, troubleshoot, assemble, adjust and check the tightness; remove the covers of the filling and supply valves (without turning the bodies out of the gas cylinders) and check the condition of the parts; remove the solenoid shut-off valves, disassemble them, clean the parts and check their serviceability, assemble the valves and check their tightness. Check the filter elements of the main gas filter, gasoline filter valve, gas reducer filter. Drain the sediment from the fuel tank and flush it. Check the high and low pressure gauges, seal and put a stamp with the date of the next check (performed by an employee of the quality control department of the enterprise).

To Category: - Car maintenance

Professiogramspecialty "MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT",

qualificationTECHNICIAN

Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and transport equipment in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents;

Selection of vehicle components and assemblies for replacement during the operation of road transport;

Carrying out maintenance and repair of vehicles;

Efficient use of materials, technological equipment of enterprises;

Adjustment and operation of equipment for the maintenance and repair of vehicles;

Implementation of technical control during the operation of vehicles and transport equipment;

Carrying out standard and certification tests;

Own computer methods of collecting, storing and processing information;

Analyze and evaluate the state of safety at the production site;

- to drive a car.

Place of work

A vehicle maintenance and repair technician is a middle manager in production management or a specialist in the operation of technological equipment. He can work as a foreman, head of the site at the enterprise, or he can work individually for the maintenance of vehicles or special equipment. Specialists of this profile are also in demand in state structures.

Professional growth can take place as part of continuous professional development: performing increasingly complex and large-scale work, mastering new areas and specializations (for example, a vulcanizer, auto electrician, etc.), becoming a car mechanic - station wagon. The career path can take place along the line of administrative growth: foreman of the shift (section), head technical center, deputy director for after-sales service of cars, director of the auto center.

When choosing an administrative direction of a career, it is recommended to develop additional managerial skills, to master the profession of a manager. If the option of mentoring, transferring one's unique experience to young people is closer, it is useful to develop pedagogical skills in oneself, to master the profession of a master of industrial training.

The organization of one's own business assumes that a qualified worker with a profession technician over time, he develops his unique professional experience and can create his own business by opening a car service, a car repair and maintenance workshop, or working with clients on individual orders (this area brings stable, decent income), but this ability to repair cars is not enough, knowledge in the field is required management, economics, jurisprudence.

For the uninterrupted operation of the car throughout the entire period of operation, each car owner should from time to time carry out a set of certain works related to the nature and purpose of two groups:

Works aimed at maintaining the nodes of working mechanisms and assemblies in working condition over a long period of operation;

Works aimed at establishing the mechanisms, components and assemblies of machines.

Therefore, the maintenance and repair of road transport in the first case is preventive, and in the second - restorative.

In our country, there is a preventive-planned system of mandatory maintenance and repair of a car. Its meaning lies in the fact that the service is carried out both according to plan and according to need.

Maintenance (maintenance) of a car - electrical and adjustment, refueling, lubrication, fastening, control and diagnostic, cleaning and washing, as well as many other types of work that are often performed without removing individual mechanisms, components and disassembling units from the car. However, if during maintenance the full serviceability of individual components remains in question, then they are removed from the car and checked on specialized stands and devices.

The frequency of maintenance directly depends on the list and the complexity of the repair of the vehicle and its units. Car maintenance is divided into several types: seasonal, first and second, as well as daily maintenance.

The current legislative acts provide for two types of maintenance and repair of road transport and its units - capital, performed at special enterprises, and current, which is performed at motor transport enterprises.

Each type of maintenance includes strictly established operations (works) that must be carried out. These operations are divided into performing and control components.

The execution part is often performed on demand, and the control part of the work, which is often called the diagnostic part, is mandatory. This helps to significantly reduce both labor and material costs for maintenance and repair.

Diagnostics - part technological process current repair and maintenance of vehicles, which provides an overall picture of the condition of the car.

Daily maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (if necessary) must be performed every day after the vehicle returns from the working line. It includes:

Control and inspection work on all major systems and mechanisms that are responsible for safe movement, as well as lighting fixtures, cab and bodywork;

Washing and cleaning and cleaning and drying operations, as well as refueling the machine with coolant, oil and, of course, fuel.

Car washing is carried out on request.