STOA "Gorodok", station Maintenance, is located at the address: Murmansk region, Murmansk city, Verkhne-Rostinskoye shosse 38. Entry to the territory of the service station is carried out from Verkhne-Rostinskoye shosse 38. Near the service station there are paved parking lots, the dimensions of which allow drivers to maneuver freely. For the convenience of customers and service personnel, parking is located opposite the Gorodok service station.

STOA "Gorodok", like most car service centers in the city of Murmansk, the purpose of which is to qualitatively fulfill repair work or performing preventive maintenance on any type or model of vehicle from any manufacturer.

STOA "Gorodok" provides the following services: repair and diagnostics of the running gear of the car; repair and replacement of the clutch; repair brake system; Change of oil; engine repair; camber adjustment; gearbox repair; injector adjustment; repair and adjustment of the carburetor; diagnostics and troubleshooting electrical system car.

All types of services provided have certificates of conformity.

The experience accumulated at the Gorodok service station suggests that the maintenance and repair post deployed on its territory cars be able to quickly become competitive and bring tangible profits to the enterprise.

Specialists of various qualifications work at the Gorodok service station. Among them: production workers for MOT and TR; employees; administrative and managerial staff.

The qualification of the staff is high. Each of the employees is competent in their field and is constantly expanding the range of their knowledge and skills. Employees undergo additional training, engage in self-education, improve their skills.

If desired, the client can communicate with the personnel repairing his car - the masters will answer all questions of interest regarding the work performed, politely and in a form that is easy to understand.

Service station "Gorodok" working hours: daily from 9:00 to 19:00. Lunch from 13:00 - 14:00. Days off: no days off. V holidays the company is not operating. Phone service station "Gorodok": 8-815-22-61-067,8-951-29-78-401.

Reception of clients is carried out directly on the territory of the service station. Regarding the performance of work, payment, cost of services and other organizational issues, the client must contact the senior master. Prices depend on the complexity of the work performed.

At the time of signing the contract, registration number car, as well as the phone number of its owner in case of prompt communication with the client, during a long-term repair.

The presence of the client in the repair area is unacceptable, as this may threaten his safety. Payment for the services performed is made after they are completed.

The entry and exit of cars from the boxes (repair posts) and from the territory of the enterprise is carried out with the permission of the master and under the guidance of the specialist who carries out the repair, since the space for maneuvering in the parking lot is often very limited due to the accumulation of cars that are being repaired or vice versa, waiting for their queues.

The production and technical base of the auto maintenance system is mainly made up of enterprises (structural units) of three types: service stations, including workshops and maintenance and repair points; bases and warehouses of material and technical supply; garages and car parks.

At car centers and large service stations of regional or zonal significance, and often at smaller service stations, all three types of car service enterprises can be combined not only functionally, but also territorially (Fig. 2.1).

Modern service stations carry out: car sales and pre-sales service for new and used cars; sale of spare parts, operating materials and accessories; MOT and TR during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation; KR of units and restoration repair of cars, including the elimination of damage to the car body caused by a traffic accident.

These works are performed depending on the availability of relevant production sites at the service station, each of which is assigned a certain number of vehicle-seats.

A car-place is a section of the service station area (in a building, under a canopy, in an open area) for parking a car during service, waiting for service or issuing to the owner. According to their technological purpose, car-places in the service station building are divided into working and auxiliary posts, car-waiting places. In terms of planning, the difference between “posts” and “car-waiting places” lies in the standard distances between cars installed on them, as well as between cars and building structural elements.

The working post is a car-place equipped with the appropriate technological equipment and designed to perform technical actions directly on the car to maintain and restore its technically sound condition and appearance - these are the washing, diagnostics, MOT, TR and painting posts.

Rice. 2.1. VAZ special auto center for 50 working posts for Zhiguli cars: a - master plan: 1 - production building; 2 - administrative building; 3 - gas station; 4 - checkpoint; 5 - parking of cars; 6 - platform for unloading new cars; 7 - parking of new cars for 127 car places; 8 - parking of repaired cars for 124 car-places; 9 - treatment facilities; 10 - parking of cars received for repair, for 57 car-seats; b - layout of the production building: 1 - car sales store with a salon; 2 - trading floor; 3 - area of ​​pre-sale preparation; 4 - lubrication posts; 5 - diagnostic posts; 6 - posts of warranty service; 7 - posts TO and TR; 8 - body repair area; 9 - wallpaper section; 10 - painting area; 11 - technical rooms; 12 - warehouse of spare parts; 13 - aggregate-mechanical section; 14 - engine test area; 15 - Mednitsky site; 16 - forging and welding area; 17 - fuel equipment repair area; 18 - battery section; nineteen - tire shop; 20 - electrical equipment repair area; 21 - washing posts; 22 - car acceptance area; 23 - car issuance area; 24 - control room; 25 - room for clients.

The auxiliary post is designed to perform technologically auxiliary operations directly on the vehicle, but necessary to maintain and restore its technically sound condition and appearance, these are posts for receiving and issuing cars, preparing them for painting, drying after painting and washing.

The car-waiting place is designed to park the car while it is waiting for: acceptance-delivery, putting it into a working post, repairing a unit (unit, device) removed from it.

In addition to the main production activity, other types of services are provided at large service stations: cars, tires, spare parts, car accessories and operating materials are sold; consultations on technical and legal issues, commodity expertise are organized; claims are filed, etc.

Depending on the capacity (estimated number of comprehensively serviced vehicles), size (number of work posts or car seats in the service station building), location, purpose and specialization of the service station, the types of work performed by them and their combinations may be different.

According to the principle of placement, service stations are distinguished urban and road; by the nature of the main production activity - warranty (manufacturer), complex, specialized, self-service; by production capacity and size - small, medium, large and large (Fig. 2.2).

City service stations(Fig. 2.3) are designed to service the fleet of cars owned by citizens in cities and other settlements, and road service stations are designed to provide technical assistance to all vehicles on the way.

City service stations can be universal or specialized, depending on the type of work and car brands. These also include factory warranty service stations.

According to the Giproavtotrans classification for existing projects, service stations are divided into four types by capacity and size: small - up to 15, medium - up to 30, large - up to 50 and large - over 50 working posts. According to the classification of the Ministry of Automotive Industry of the USSR (Glavavtotekhoobsluzhivaniya), urban service stations are divided into small - up to 10, medium - up to 34 and large - from 35 working posts. It is on this size that the projects of modern workshops are based. The size and purpose of the workshop determine its type or size.

Urban workshops generally have a relatively constant clientele and perform, if production capacity permits, comprehensive vehicle services.

Roadside workshops have a casual clientele and their main task is to repair failures and malfunctions that have occurred in transit vehicles. Such a difference is reflected in the calculation methods, structural composition and technological equipment of service stations and predetermines the nature of their production activities (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

Types of work designed to be performed at service stations of various types

Name of works	City service stations			Road service stations
			big and big
Diagnosis of components and assemblies that affect traffic safety
Advanced Diagnostics
Washing and harvesting
Maintenance in the scope:
Lubricants
Adjusting
Tire
Electrocarburetor
Recharging batteries
Battery repair and charging
TP units
Replacement of aggregates
KR aggregates
Mednicki
Welding
Zhestyanitsky
Body
Tint
Full body paint
Anti-corrosion coating
Sale of spare parts and materials
Cars sale
Technical assistance on call
Car refueling

Over the past decade, the structural composition of the fleet of passenger cars owned by citizens has changed significantly, which creates prerequisites for the development of a network of service stations specialized in car brands. However, in the short term, it should be expected that the main type of city station will still be universal in terms of brands of serviced vehicles and integrated in terms of types of work performed (especially in small towns and cities). settlements).

The analysis of the STOA production activities showed the preference for such a direction of development, including for stations that were originally designed with a limited range of works. This is due to the current level of motorization in most cities and regions of the country and the development of the service station network. The specialization of service stations, due to a high level of concentration of work, without a proper feasibility study, only complicates the maintenance of cars for car owners and negatively affects the economy of the service station, although the idea of ​​specialization and cooperation of stations is progressive in itself.

At present, the orientation of the service station to perform certain types of work is determined mainly by its production capabilities, i.e., the availability of appropriate areas, sites, equipment, etc.

With the increase in the fleet of cars and the further development of the service station network, specialized integrated service stations will become widespread, i.e. service stations that perform maintenance and repair of a certain brand of car, as well as service stations specialized in types of work, for example, in diagnosing (Fig. 2.4), washing, repair of electrical equipment and power supplies, brakes, units, body painting, etc. These and other works can be performed in various combinations with each other with partial specialization. Such a prospect is confirmed by the existing practice in large cities such as Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, where the level of saturation with cars is much higher than the national average, and the calculations of Giproavtotrans, NIIAT and other organizations, as well as foreign experience.

The grounds for the specialization of service stations by car brands or types of work are the presence in the serviced region of a sufficient number of objects of labor influences that ensure the full loading of the station and the efficient use of high-performance equipment, the possibility of using advanced technology and rational organization of production.

A certain number of car owners prefer to carry out MOT and TR on their own. However, the existing conditions do not always allow this, since there are self-service posts only at some domestic service stations. Meanwhile, not only posts, but also self-service stations have become widespread abroad. In the future, further development of self-service is possible in our country, including through the organization of specialized stations.

The main difficulties in solving this issue are the organization of appropriate quality control and compliance with safety regulations. In connection with the constant improvement of the design of the car, its maintenance requires a qualified approach, the use of sophisticated modern equipment with high accuracy, as well as appropriate technology. Loss of quality during maintenance and repair in most cases leads to traffic accidents and environmental pollution.

Road service stations(Fig. 2.5) are designed to provide technical assistance as needed to all vehicles en route. Usually they are small and consist of several working posts, universal in terms of types and brands of vehicles serviced, but limited in the list of services they provide.

Rice. 2.5. Road service station for 3 working posts:

/ - room for clients; 2 - household premises; 3 - warehouse of spare parts; 4 - posts MOT and TR cars; 5 - post MOT and TR of buses and trucks on the ditch; 6-post for washing buses and trucks; 7 - posts for washing cars

Table 2.2

Key indicators for typical service station projects

Indicators
	from prefabricated reinforced concrete structures with the number of working posts			from light metal structures with a number of working posts		road with the number of working posts 1
Number of vehicles serviced per year
Number of car rides per year, thousand units
Number of cars sold per year
Total population personnel, pers.
Including: workers employed in Maintenance and repair of cars
production workers
support workers
junior service personnel
administrative and management personnel
employees in the store and in pre-sales training
STOA site area, ha
The same in combination with mechanized commercial car wash, paid parking, gas station
Building area, m 2
Useful area of ​​the building, m2
Including: industrial premises
administrative premises
delivery premises finished cars
Total number of car-seats
Including: in production premises and in the premises for the delivery of cars
Of which: work posts
auxiliary posts
car-waiting places
Total in store
Of which: in the trading floor
demo car seats
under the canopy of finished cars
open car park: waiting for service
For sale
Total cost building construction, thousand rubles
Including: construction and installation works
equipment
other works

1 In parentheses are data on the availability of posts for the winter season.

Depending on the purpose and capacity of service stations, they mainly perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions, mainly by replacing components and parts that are needed along the way, when refueling vehicles with fuel, oil and other operating materials , as well as when providing technical assistance on the road by specialists of mobile workshops and when towing vehicles that have lost the ability to move on their own.

At road service stations, it is advisable to sell a wide range of spare parts that are in the greatest demand, car accessories and operating materials in small packages and have self-service posts, rest rooms and buffets available. Such service stations can be part of motels, as well as be built in conjunction with gas stations (NPPs). In addition, at gas stations, if they are located at a considerable distance from road or other types of stations, they organize small technical assistance points for 1-2 posts and self-service posts (Fig. 2.6).

In table. 2.2 shows the main technical and economic indicators of existing standard projects of service stations.

ASSIGNMENT OF PRODUCTION AND SPECIALIZED AREAS OF STOA

Car acceptance and delivery area designed to perform the following work:

upon acceptance - external inspection of the car; checking its completeness, units and assemblies, the malfunction of which is indicated by the owner of the car, as well as affecting traffic safety, technical condition car in order to identify defects not declared by the owner; determination of the approximate volume, cost, deadline for the performance of work and the method of eliminating defects; coordination of all issues with the owner of the car, paperwork;

when issuing - control of the work performed, specified in the work order, external inspection, check of completeness and delivery of the car to the owner.

When accepting and issuing cars, it is possible and advisable to use diagnostic equipment. The organization of the technological process depends on the production program, area and equipment of the site.

Cleaning and washing area designed for cleaning the interior of the car body, washing the engine, the car from below and above, drying and polishing the body. At modern service stations, 48

As a rule, sites for performing these works are provided with the necessary equipment and water treatment facilities. The organization of the technological process depends on the production program, area and equipment of the site.

Diagnosis area is designed to determine the technical condition of the car, its units and mechanisms without development. Diagnostics is a technological element of maintenance and repair, as well as the main method for performing control work. Diagnostics makes it possible to ensure high operational reliability of vehicles, increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of current repairs, spare parts and materials.

The number of posts in the diagnostic area, their equipment, layout, as well as their specialization and cooperation with each other, between the receiving and issuing posts and the adjustment work posts are determined by the volume and nature of production, the method of organization, as well as the tasks that diagnostics should solve at the service station .

Maintenance section is designed to carry out a preventive set of works aimed at preventing failures and malfunctions, maintaining vehicles in a technically sound condition and ensuring their reliable, safe and economical operation. Regardless of the type of maintenance, fixing, diagnostic, adjustment, lubrication and tire work is carried out at work stations equipped with appropriate technological equipment, and complex or specialized work is performed depending on the volume of the service station production program and the method of organization. With a related technology, maintenance and repair work is carried out at the same posts by specialists from different production sites.

Lubricating and refueling area is intended for changing oil and adding it to the engine and transmission units, replacing filters and lubricating the cardan shaft joints, running gear, control mechanisms, wheel hub bearings, body points in the volume of TO-1, TO-2 or specified in the service books. Certain types of lubrication and filling operations can be performed at the request of the owners. For example, oil changes in individual units and lubrication of certain vehicle components can be carried out not only at specialized, but also at other posts, depending on the volume of the production program.

TR section is designed to perform a set of works on the units and components of the car, the malfunction of which cannot be eliminated by adjusting work in order to restore their parameters and performance.

Depending on the nature and place of work, TR is performed either at work posts or at specialized sections (production departments) of the service station. Guard work includes: dismantling and assembly operations performed directly on the vehicle, adjustment and fixing work, troubleshooting brake and other systems, as well as minor damage to the body, assemblies and assemblies without dismantling and disassembling them. The working posts of the TR section of cars are equipped with the necessary equipment, lifting devices, fixtures and tools. A number of jobs, such as changing carburetors and spark plugs, by their nature do not require the use of hoists and can be performed at floor stations or appropriate service station vehicles equipped with mobile jacks, fixtures and tools.

/ Works that, by their nature, are not subject to execution at the working posts of the TR, are carried out at specialized areas:

aggregate-mechanical - disassembly and assembly, washing, repair and restoration and control work on the engine, gearbox, steering, front and rear axles and other units, components and parts removed from the car, as well as locksmith and mechanical work using turning - screw-cutting, drilling and other machines;

battery - recharging, charging and repairing batteries, as well as (if necessary) preparing distilled water and electrolyte. Batteries are usually repaired centrally at specialized or large service stations in the repair department of the site, where the filling mastic and defective parts are replaced, lead battery cells are cast, output terminals are welded, etc.;

electrotechnical - inspection and repair of units and devices of electrical equipment, the malfunction of which could not be eliminated at the TR posts after cleaning from dust and dirt, inspection and testing at special installations. The units and devices to be repaired are disassembled into components and parts, washed and dried, defective and, depending on the technical condition, replaced or repaired, and also checked at the appropriate control stand or installation;

carburetor (fuel equipment) - disassembly of carburetors with the elimination of detected defects, selection of jets, checking the fuel level in float chamber, as well as repair and check the performance of fuel pumps and other devices of the power system. Devices requiring repair are washed in a special bath before disassembly, and after repair they are tested on stands or installations;

tire repair (tire fitting) - dismantling and mounting of tires, repair of tubes, replacement of discs, tubes and tires, wheel balancing depending on the size of the service station. Tires are cleaned, dismantled on stands and defective, wheel rims are cleaned of corrosion and painted, tubes are repaired by patching and vulcanizing. After assembling the wheels, they are statically and dynamically balanced on a special stand;

wallpaper - repair of seats and backs, replacement and repair of ceiling upholstery, as well as the manufacture of insulating covers and body upholstery, depending on the standard size of the service station. For work, they use special sewing machines, workbenches for disassembling pillows and seats, tables and templates for cutting upholstery materials, chests and racks. Removal and replacement of the upholstery of the body, as well as the seats, is carried out at the working posts of the body shop of the service station;

bodywork - replacement of individual body parts, as well as tin, welding, copper and forging and spring work, production of body parts necessary for replacement, straightening and repair of emergency vehicles at special stands, depending on the standard size of the service station. Tinsmith work includes repairs to fenders, mudguards, hoods, radiator linings, doors, and other body parts. Reinforcement works include repair of locks, hinges, power windows, installation of handles, brackets, insertion of glass and edging. Copper work is related to the repair of radiators, fuel tanks, fuel and oil pipelines;

painting - painting the body and its parts. In the department of preparatory work, the old paint is removed, putty and polished. Here, small areas of the body and its parts are usually tinted. At the painting area, a primer is applied and dried, the body is partially or completely painted, and an anti-noise mastic and an anti-corrosion coating are applied. All work related to the spraying of paints and varnishes and their drying is carried out in special hermetic chambers equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, which excludes the possibility of the formation of explosive concentrations in the chambers and the penetration of solvent vapors and paint mist from the chambers into the room. The preparation of mixtures, the preparation of varnishes and paints, the dilution of solvents, the washing of guns and pressure tanks and other processes associated with these operations are carried out in special ventilated rooms of the paint preparation department.

In addition to the main production sites, the service station has a spare parts warehouse, customer premises, administrative and amenity premises located, as a rule, on the second floor, etc. In the MOT and TR zone, as well as in the bodywork, painting and other areas, except workers, auxiliary posts and car-waiting places are provided, on which, if necessary, certain types of work can also be performed.

This list of structural units is not typical for all types of service stations. At stations of small size, some types of work are combined in one area.

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Page 1

The main link (according to the tasks to be solved and the number of enterprises) of the car service system is the subsystem for maintaining cars in working condition. This subsystem performs services for maintenance, repair and other types of technical impacts in order to ensure safe operation cars of the population and is represented by a wide network of car service enterprises of different capacities, scales and purposes.

The car service station provides equipped posts, self-service posts, as well as services for the sale of spare parts and materials. In addition, technical advice on vehicle maintenance and repair can be provided at these stations.

The need to create a widely branched, well-equipped and organized network of car service enterprises, one of the main links of which is service stations, is justified, in addition to technical ones, by the following considerations:

economic - according to American economists, funds invested in the production of spare parts and maintenance of sold cars provide twice as much profit than when investing in the production of these cars;

social - the relative danger of the car as vehicle is very high and, according to world statistics, the number of road traffic accidents (RTA) due to vehicle malfunctions is 10-15% of the total number of accidents.

Figure 1.3 - Classification of car service stations.

Organizational forms of maintenance and repair of cars are quite diverse. Modern service stations are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified by purpose (degree of specialization), location, production capacity (number of production posts and sites) and competitiveness.

Depending on the location, service stations are divided into city service stations, which mainly serve the fleet of cars of a particular settlement or territory, and road service stations, which provide technical assistance to cars on the way. This division determines the difference in the number of production posts and the technological equipment of service stations. Road service stations are universal, have from one to five working posts and are designed to perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions that occur along the way, as well as to refuel vehicles with fuel and oil. Road stations are usually built in conjunction with gas stations.

According to the degree of specialization of cars, car service enterprises are divided into complex (universal), specialized by type of work and self-service stations. Integrated service stations perform the full range of maintenance and repair of vehicles. They can be universal - for maintenance and repair of several brands of cars or specialized - for servicing one brand of car. With the increase in the fleet of cars and the diversification of its structure, specialized service stations for car brands are being developed. This is confirmed by foreign practice, as well as the experience of such cities as Moscow, St. Petersburg.

Specialized car service enterprises are also classified by specific makes and models of cars and types of work (maintenance and repair in warranty period, maintenance and repair in the post-warranty period).

Service stations are divided according to the level of specialization:

maintenance and repair of foreign-made cars only - the share of foreign cars in the total fleet is 23%, 28% of car service enterprises do not service foreign cars;

car maintenance and repair only domestic production- 75% of the fleet, but only 21% of car service enterprises (service);

maintenance and repair of cars of both domestic and foreign production - 51%, and at car service enterprises, preventive impacts prevail over repair ones for imported cars and repair over preventive ones - for domestic cars.

Car repairs and elimination of the consequences of accidents are usually carried out either by specialized workshops or by relatively large service stations equipped with special equipment.

By type of work, service stations are divided into diagnostic, repair and adjustment of brakes, repair of power supplies and electrical equipment, repair automatic boxes transmission, body repair, tire fitting, washing, etc. For example, in the United States, highly specialized stations and workshops account for up to 25% of their total number.

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The main link of the car service system is the maintenance subsystem. This subsystem performs services for maintenance, repair and other types of technical impacts in order to ensure the safe operation of public cars and is represented by a wide network of car service enterprises of various capacities, scales and purposes.

The need to create a widely branched, well-equipped and organized network of car service enterprises, one of the main links of which is service stations, is justified, in addition to technical ones, by the following considerations:

- Economic. According to American economists, funds invested in the production of spare parts and maintenance of sold cars provide twice as much profit than when invested in the production of these cars;
- Social. The relative danger of a car as a vehicle is very high and, according to world statistics, the number of road traffic accidents (RTA) due to vehicle malfunctions is 10-15% of the total number of accidents.
Organizational forms of maintenance and repair of cars are quite diverse. Modern workshops are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified by purpose (degree of specialization), location, production capacity (number of production posts and sites) and competitiveness.
Depending on the location, service stations are divided into city service stations, which mainly serve the fleet of cars of a particular settlement or territory, and road service stations, which provide technical assistance to cars on the way. This division determines the difference in the number of production posts and the technological equipment of service stations. Road service stations are universal, have from one to five working posts and are designed to perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, eliminate minor failures and malfunctions that occur along the way, as well as to refuel vehicles with fuel and oil. Road stations are usually built in conjunction with gas stations.
According to the degree of specialization of cars, car service enterprises are divided into complex (universal), specialized by type of work and self-service service stations. Integrated service stations perform the entire range of maintenance and repair of vehicles. They can be:

Universal- for maintenance and repair of several brands of cars;
specialized- for servicing one brand of car.

With the increase in the fleet of cars and the diversification of its structure, specialized service stations for car brands are being developed. This is confirmed by foreign practice, as well as the experience of such cities as Moscow, St. Petersburg.
Specialized car service enterprises are also classified according to specific brands and types of work (maintenance and repair during the warranty period, maintenance and repair in the post-warranty period).

Types of car service stations

- maintenance and repair of foreign cars only- the share of foreign cars in the total vehicle fleet is 23%, 28% of car service enterprises are not engaged in servicing foreign cars;
- maintenance and repair of cars only of domestic production- 75% of the fleet, but only 21% of car service enterprises (service);
- maintenance and repair of cars of both domestic and foreign production- 51%, moreover, at car service enterprises, preventive effects prevail over repair ones for imported cars and repair ones over preventive ones - for domestic cars.

Car repairs and accident elimination are usually carried out either by specialized workshops or by relatively large service stations equipped with special equipment.

By type of work, service stations are divided into diagnostic, repair and adjustment of brakes, repair of power devices and electrical equipment, repair of automatic transmissions, body repair, tire fitting, washing, etc. For example, in the USA, highly specialized stations and workshops make up to 25% of their total number.

In terms of production capacity (based on the number of production posts and sites), city service stations can be divided into small, medium, large and large.

Small service stations with up to 10 working posts perform the following types of work: washing and cleaning, express diagnostics, maintenance, lubrication, tire fitting, electric carburetor, bodywork, body tinting, welding, repair of units. The main share of this group is made up of specialized service stations. As a rule, they are engaged in performing only preventive work and are located within a radius not exceeding 10-15 km from the consumer.

Medium service stations with the number of working posts from 11 to 30 perform the same types of work as small stations. In addition, there is complete diagnostics the technical condition of the vehicle and its units, the painting of the entire vehicle, the replacement of parts, and the sale of vehicles can also be carried out.

Large service stations with more than 30 posts perform all types of maintenance and repair in full. These workshops may have specialized areas for overhaul aggregates and nodes. Production lines can be used to perform diagnostic and maintenance work. As a rule, such service stations are carried out.

Currently, about half of the auto service enterprises have a capacity of 1 to 3 working posts; more than 40% - from 4 to 10 posts; 7% - up to 30 posts. Large stations account for less than 2%.

According to competitive characteristics, the market for car services can be divided as follows.

First group- branded (dealer) service stations that sell and service and work directly with firms, concerns, manufacturing enterprises - authorized centers. These specialized workshops have modern technological equipment, original spare parts, a wide range of services for a particular brand of vehicles, trained personnel with a high level of customer service culture, a high reputation and high prices.

Branded service stations perform functions related to the maintenance and repair of vehicles during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation. In addition, they can be considered as subdivisions of car factories, providing them with reliable information about the quality of cars produced. At the same time, branded service stations can act as centers for the production and technical training of personnel.

second group constitute the former state STOAs, which have great experience work in a car service, specially designed premises, advantageous location, good traditions, but outdated views on the attitude towards the consumer and inertia, which makes it difficult for them to fully and effectively adapt to market conditions. These workshops have good, but often outdated equipment, well-established relationships with consumers who are used to using their services, as a rule, low prices, they are trusted because they have been accustomed to adhere to laws since the old days, have a good image, but do not best quality spare parts. In terms of market coverage in terms of the range of services, they can be called universal.

TO third group include private, newly created service stations that emerged after the transition to a market economy. In general, they have the same characteristics as the second group.

TO fourth group include car services at the production and technical base of motor transport and other enterprises. Here, there is a relatively low level of maintenance and repair technology, a low service culture, low qualification of personnel, low aesthetics of production, an overestimated duration of work and a narrow specialization in car models.

TO fifth group car service enterprises include garage car services. In terms of characteristics, they are inferior to the enterprises of the previous group.

We will consider the structure of the service station network using the example of Moscow. Here, large car service enterprises account for only about 17%; these are sufficiently powerful specialized enterprises (31% of the city's total capacity). The remaining car service facilities rent sites and production facilities: transport enterprises (about 40% of the total number of facilities and 39% of the city's capacity), industrial enterprises (19 and 14%, respectively).

Today there is a big gap between demand (the needs of car owners for car repair and maintenance) and the possibility of its full satisfaction. This is due to two main reasons.

First reason- low solvency of a number of car owners, which makes them turn to underground car services. Underground workers are especially active during the warm season, since most of them work in unheated garages and stop their activities in winter. Illegal car services and car washes are literally everywhere. They do not have licenses, do not pay taxes, so their services are much cheaper than in legal service stations. Some car owners generally turn only to them, since a thorough car repair at a legally existing service station is comparable in price to the cost of the car itself. The underground car service occupies a significant part of the car service market, thus hindering the development of legal service stations. It is worth noting that recently the level of consciousness of car owners has been increasing: they are increasingly turning to legal service stations that guarantee high quality work.

The second reason- lack of production capacity of the existing service stations, especially in settlements of regional and district significance, where car service is practically in its infancy. But even in Moscow service stations are sorely lacking. The rapid growth of the vehicle fleet gave rise to serious problems - the overflow of the capital's highways and the maintenance of the proper technical condition of cars. Currently, there are 2.6 thousand car service enterprises, while there should be about 10 thousand. The Moscow Government has adopted a program aimed at developing and improving car service services in the city.
Former Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov proposed a simplified registration procedure for opening centers as a measure to support and develop service stations. Luzhkov instructed specialists to prepare the relevant documents, including a standard design of buildings for new technical centers. “I think this is of particular importance for small and medium-sized businesses. This task is not for monopolists,” he specified. At the same time, in Moscow, it is necessary to implement training programs for personnel, primarily managers of technical centers. With the implementation of this program, the number of service stations in Moscow should increase several times, as a result of which service enterprises that do not meet the requirements for safety, environmental friendliness and quality of services provided will be forced out of the car market.

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn:

The growth in the volume of services rendered lags behind the pace of motorization of the country;
- the need for car services is insufficiently provided, car service enterprises are distributed unevenly across cities, so the problem of ensuring the quantity and territorial availability of car services is very relevant;
- the successful functioning of the service station is possible when taking into account all the innovations in the field of auto maintenance, the accumulation and analysis of statistical material, the creation of standard designs of stations, united by a single concept and the possibility of transformation, the presence of highly qualified specialists in this field;
- the creation of joint ventures with the participation of foreign partners in the field of car service will contribute to the acquisition of experience, the speedy disposal of negative aspects in the activities of the car service enterprise, the accumulation of financial resources for the development of this service sector.

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