Somewhere half a year ago I had to drain gas through a gas pump. Gasoline was barely pouring, and in the area of ​​the absorber there was a sniffing grunt. I opened the lid of the gas tank and gasoline poured out in a fountain. I did not attach much importance to this, I thought that it should be so.

Since this spring, when you start the engine, it began to smell strongly of gasoline, after a while the smell passed. Climbing around and sniffing the car, I did not find any obvious gasoline leaks.

After reading articles on the Internet, I came to the conclusion that this problem is in the absorber.

But the conditions for checking the operability of the absorber (fuel vapor accumulator), according to the manual, were observed:

A bit of theory.

Why do you need an adsorber in a car? The adsorber is the main element of the fuel vapor recovery system. The fuel vapor recovery system together with the adsorber prevents harmful substances from being released into the atmosphere. The adsorber is filled with coal, which absorbs gasoline vapors.

The diagram given as a whole is valid for any car brand (in funcargo it is slightly different). The canister is usually located next to the fuel tank (in the funcargo under the hood) and is piped to the fuel vapor separators (the funcargo does not) and to the canister purge valve located in the engine compartment. The canister purge solenoid valve controls the electronic unit control unit (ECU) Fuel vapors from the tanks are partially condensed in the separator, the condensate is drained back into the tank via a pipeline (this is not the case in funcargo). The remaining vapors pass through the pipeline to the adsorber through the gravity valve installed in the separator. The second nozzle of the adsorber is connected by a hose to the purge valve of the adsorber, and the third is connected to the atmosphere. When the engine is not running, the second connection is blocked by a solenoid valve. When the engine is started, the engine control unit begins to send control pulses to the valve. The valve communicates the adsorber cavity with the atmosphere, and the sorbent is purged: gasoline vapors are discharged through the hose and the throttle assembly to the intake module. Malfunctions of the fuel vapor recovery system entail instability of idling, engine shutdown, increased toxicity of exhaust gases and deterioration driving performance car. The units of the fuel vapor recovery system are removed for inspection or replacement when a persistent smell of gasoline appears due to a leak in the units and pipelines, as well as as a result of a failure of the adsorber purge valve. In addition, leakage of the adsorber and failure of the purge valve can cause unstable engine operation on Idling until it stops.

Or like this:

This system is designed to capture gasoline vapors in fuel tank, in the chamber throttle and the suction manifold, thereby preventing them from entering the atmosphere in the form of hydrocarbons. The system consists of a tank with an absorber (activated carbon), pipelines connecting the absorber to the fuel tank, a thermo-pneumatic valve and a control valve. When the engine is not running, gasoline vapors enter the absorber from the tank and throttle chamber, where they are absorbed. When the engine is started, the reservoir with the absorber is blown through by the air flow sucked in by the engine, the vapors are carried away by this flow and are burned out in the combustion chamber. The tank is equipped with three ball valves, assembled in a single body. Depending on the operating mode of the engine and the pressure in the fuel tank, ball valves connect or disconnect the tank with a thermo-pneumatic valve (which is connected in series with the throttle chamber).

Normal operation of this device:

When the engine is turned off, this valve is closed, air with fuel vapors passes through the carbon filter and escapes into the atmosphere, while gasoline vapors accumulate in the coal. Then the engine starts. After some time (or upon reaching certain revolutions - depending on the control program), this valve opens, and the engine begins to suck air through the absorber, ventilating it, picking up gasoline vapors from activated carbon, as well as residual vapors from the fuel tank.

Abnormal operation of this device may manifest itself as follows:

1st reason. The valve is not tight, and the pipe connecting the absorber to the atmosphere is clogged (a frequent phenomenon, given that the absorber itself is located in the wheel arch) (in the funcargo under the hood). Then, in the heat, gasoline vapors (and there can be a lot of them in a half-empty tank) are etched through the valve into the intake manifold, clogging it and re-enriching the mixture in the first seconds of starting (until the entire intake manifold is pumped). This explains - not a factory from the first, second time, more frequent cases of not a factory with an incomplete tank, more frequent cases of not a factory with gasoline that has low temperature boiling.

Abnormal operation of this device can also manifest itself like this:

2nd reason. The valve is tight, and the tube connecting the absorber to the atmosphere is clogged. Then, after standing in the heat, gasoline vapors will accumulate in the fuel tank, increasing the pressure in it (when you unscrew the gas tank cap after parking in the heat, in this case, you will hear pshshshsh) (in funcargo there is a valve in the fuel tank cap that relieves excess pressure, so when unscrewing air should not come out of this cover (mainly, if the absorber is faulty, it is sucked into the gas tank), and if air comes out, then the valve in the gas tank cover does not work). At startup, as long as the valve is closed, everything is normal. The car starts up and runs for some time until the electronics thinks that the engine is already working steadily and it’s time to open the absorber valve. And at the moment of opening the absorber valve, vapors under pressure rush from the gas tank into the air channel, clogging it and re-enriching the mixture. The engine stalls, but when started, it works again, as if nothing had happened (the pressure in the gas tank was dropped, everything returned to normal).

On more modern machines, error P0441 may be issued. Well, then he pulls P0130, P1123, P0300, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, and all sorts of different errors on the work of oxygenators. The car twitches and dulls. Fuel consumption increased.

Or it may be that due to a faulty absorber, a vacuum is created in the gas tank and under certain circumstances the gas tank can "collapse" (shrink), there are descriptions of such cases.

What if the absorber is defective?

Buy a new one, expensive from 3500 to 7000 rubles. delivery from 21 days and not the fact that they will bring. According to the catalog, it gives out the number 77740-52041, but nothing on the native number 77704-52040.

Deliver a contract, but the point is, he practically worked out what he was supposed to do.

Try to disassemble the non-collapsible absorber and replace the insides.

I decided to try to disassemble.
The danger of the event is that if you “don’t give your mind” to the disassembled absorber (that is, you cannot assemble it later), the car will not run. No, well, in principle, you can cut off the top cover, where the valves are, connect and drive like that. I haven't tried it myself, but it should work :-).

To begin with (as usual) "prepared".
I asked for advice - no one really knows.
I asked silence in the forum, maybe they didn’t notice, or no one bothered, or “but the car is driving, what else is needed” ... I wanted to know in advance what was inside the absorber exactly funcargo. Maybe someone who has it was broken to know what kind of replacement material to cook. So no one has ...
I read it on the Internet, there are several notes that are similar to the repair reports of the absorber.

Repair of the gasoline vapor accumulator absorber.

The absorber itself is in place.

With the top cover removed.

To disassemble it, you need to saw off the bottom of the absorber. But inside there are two springs, which on one side abut against the bottom of the absorber, and on the other against metal plates. Metal plates hold (compact) the coal inside. In order to prevent the coal from spilling out, first we make cuts from the wide side, then we fix these places with tape.

We remove springs, plates, filters.

After reading the reports on the "repair" of such absorbers from other car brands, I hoped that there would be foam intermediate filters.

My opinion is that this is of course the best way since The foam rubber turns into dust over time and clogs the absorber valves with this dust and coal, perhaps in this case this dirt can go further along the pipes.

I had to figure out what to make intermediate filters from. But more on that later.

Intermediate filters located in the upper part of the absorber are pressed into the absorber housing. I had to cut them out, and clean up the remnants with a sharp chisel (nothing else can crawl up).

Hydrocarbon vapors arising from the evaporation of gasoline are considered very hazardous to both human health and the environment in general. Therefore, already for the Euro-3 standard, there were requirements for the neutralization of these vapors. To carry out this mission, in turn, an adsorber (absorber) was developed, a kind of addition to the fuel system.

Operating principle

When the fuel heats up, the same hydrocarbon vapors appear in the engine, which, according to the laws of physics, rise up into the separator, where most of them condense (return to a liquid state and drain back into the fuel tank, i.e., fuel economy occurs). Residual gases are transferred through a steam line to an adsorber filled with activated carbon, which neutralizes them.

While the engine is running, there is another option for getting rid of harmful vapors - by redirecting it from into the intake pipe. The temperature is high enough there, and the gas simply burns out.

The adsorber is located under the hood, in the VAZ 2110 - in the near left corner. The adsorber looks like a small cylinder with a lid.

Adsorber design

• separator;
• gasoline drain pipe;
• steam pipe and hose;
• blowdown valve;
• gravity valve;
• adsorber.

Symptoms of a malfunctioning adsorber

• "Floating" idle speed;
• increased pressure in the fuel tank.

The latter occurs if the steam outlet hose is clogged, and due to the closed access to the adsorber, the gases increase the pressure in the fuel tank itself. If you unscrew the filler cap under overpressure, you will hear a hiss like opening a bottle of sparkling water.

Replacing the adsorber

You can replace the adsorber with a VAZ 2110 without any difficulties. It is enough to study its fastening and connection of hoses to it. Buying a new adsorber is a minimal investment. We turn off the hoses and tubes one by one (for a start, you can mark them with a felt-tip pen or colored tape), remove the old adsorber, install a new one. Then, in the same order, we connect the hoses and tubes.
Attention to your car is always justified: timely replacement The adsorber will help you reduce fuel consumption, reduce the risk of breakdowns in the fuel system, and provide safety for you and your passengers.

Do you need an adsorber? This question worries many owners of Togliatti cars. The VAZ 2114 adsorber appeared after the introduction of the Euro-3 environmental standards, which required the installation of devices on the machines that allow the evaporating fuel to be trapped so that it does not enter the atmosphere. Black cylinder installed on the VAZ on the right in the corner engine compartment near the radiator, this is the VAZ 2114 absorber, the device of which will be considered by us.

The principle of operation of the adsorber

Adsorption is the process of absorption of gaseous substances into solids or liquids. For example, in the first gas masks, filters were used in which activated carbon was the adsorber. The car does about the same, but a little more complicated. The cylindrical plastic housing of the adsorber contains a special filler that traps gasoline vapors. The VAZ 2114 absorber does not end only with a can of filler, pipes and valves are connected to it.

The VAZ absorber does not affect fuel consumption in any way; it is installed only in order to improve the environmental friendliness of the engine. Fuel vapors as the gas tank is emptied rise to the filler neck and enter the separator. There they become liquid again and return to the tank. And the part that did not have time to condense falls into the adsorber filled with the same activated carbon that absorbs harmful gases. This happens when the engine is turned off.

When the engine is running, the VAZ absorber is blown through with special valve, all gases are burned in exhaust system car. As for the fuel consumption, it varies within insignificant limits. The main purpose of the adsorber is only to neutralize gasoline vapors. It is a container with activated carbon, equipped with inlet and outlet hoses for gasoline vapors.

Possible malfunctions of the device

The absorber VAZ 2114, according to its purpose, is prone to clogging and at some point may turn out to be faulty. Malfunctions are not easy to identify and often only by secondary symptoms, for example, an increase in pressure in the fuel tank. It's just that gasoline vapors, due to wear of the separator, remain locked in the space of the tank and begin to press on its walls. An increase in pressure can be detected by unscrewing the tank cap - a characteristic hiss is heard.

Sometimes the gas tank cap just shoots out of the neck, which means that the pressure has reached a critical level and the adsorber needs to be changed urgently. In case of malfunctions with the adsorber, the engine speed begins to jump up and down. Many car owners write on the forums that you can remove the VAZ absorber and not suffer. But everything is not so simple, and there are never unnecessary parts in cars.

Removing the absorber alone is not enough, you need to think about what to do with gasoline vapors, which will nowhere to be removed, and that the ECU may also need to be reconfigured. After all, some types of on-board engine processors find a malfunction in the purge fuel system and transfer the motor to emergency mode, in which it will not work normally.

With regard to faults, then trouble spot This adsorption system is a purge valve. It can be repaired by hand. All you need is a flat screwdriver, but care must be taken when removing. The point is the fastening of the valve, often it is not metal, but plastic, it is not difficult to break it. There is a mount on the engine cover. There are also clamps on the valve itself, which also require a careful approach. We remove them and take out the problematic part.

If you blow into the valve and air comes out of it, this means a one hundred percent malfunction. A normal part will not leak air. In the event of a valve malfunction, the machine experiences problems on the hot start of the engine, and gasoline consumption increases. If the problem is not resolved, there will be Check Engine and loss of normal driving dynamics. A leak in the adsorber and failure of the purge valve can cause unstable engine idling until it stops.

So, let's move on to repairing the valve. In its upper part there is an adjusting screw fixed with epoxy resin. Screw in the screw all the way, counting the revolutions, so that in case of something, you can return the adsorber valve to its original position. Some carburetor flushing fluid can be dripped into the valve fittings. Then we blow it open. compressed air... The repair is done.

The reason that the valve of the adsorber becomes clogged is poor-quality gasoline, as well as particles of the filler of the adsorber itself. Therefore, it is not necessary to immediately change the floundering part. A malfunction of the adsorbent parts of the fuel system, in addition to the already indicated signs, can be detected by the smell of gasoline in the cabin. Usually this means either a break in one of the nozzles of the VAZ absorber system, or a failure of the purge valve already described.

The valve can also wear out from heating near the radiator, and there is nothing you can do to help it. The quality of the material from which the adsorber valve is made is not the best. The solution can only be to replace or change the location to a cooler one, for example, closer to the adsorber itself.

Removal features

The VAZ absorber is sometimes completely removed. To do this, you need:

• change the gas tank plug to a leaky one;
• muffle the supply and discharge pipes;
• often change the ECU firmware.

As mentioned above, you should not approach the adsorber as an unnecessary thing, and if you decide to remove it, remove it correctly so that the gas tank remains ventilated and not tightly battened down, as in the presence of an adsorber. Those who convert a carburetor engine into an injection engine have an advantage. If they do not touch the tank nozzles, then they do not violate carburetor system tank ventilation, so they do not need an adsorber.

Causes of malfunctions of the adsorber at the VAZ

But in the case of the VAZ 2114, which has an injection engine, everything is more complicated. However, it makes no sense to remove the absorber. The advantages that the VAZ absorber have are in reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and this is where they end. And the high cost and the fact that it can interfere with more important details in engine compartment, become basically the reason for the removal of the device. Why do some drivers make this difficult decision?

Basically, they just do not like the device, but this is not an argument. Experienced motorists take it off when a malfunction occurs, so as not to spend money on a new one. It can be removed simply. A filter is put on the hose from the separator fine cleaning(usually from a VAZ 2108 carburetor), in this case, gasoline vapors go into the atmosphere. The valve hose is closed. The engine control program is adjusted so that the ECU does not turn on the Check Engine.

It is better to drill a 2 mm hole in the tank lid to make ventilation, like on a carburetor motor. Otherwise, the tank may not be able to withstand either external or internal pressure. Most often, a vacuum occurs in the tank and crushes it, like an empty tin can. Many car enthusiasts tell about this for the edification of beginners. What is needed to remove the adsorbent device for replacement?

First, you need to free it from the fasteners. We disconnect the block along with the wires, as well as the hose for supplying gasoline to the throttle unit. Remove the purge valve, remove the fuel vapor outlet hose from the separator. The adsorber bracket is installed on 3 bolts, which must be unscrewed, and the bracket carefully removed. The new device is installed on the same special mount, and the fuel vapor supply hose is connected to the purge valve. Remember: when changing the adsorber, you need to change all the pipes from it.

Take care of nature and do not throw away the adsorber. In an extreme case, it is better to install a new one, since this is an ordinary filter that works for a very long time and does not require constant monitoring. Environmental standards were invented not to harm, but so that our children and grandchildren could live after us.

Do not forget that the traffic police inspector and the staff of the technical inspection station can convict you of tampering with the design of the car, then the technical control will not be able to pass. Heed the advice of experienced car enthusiasts, watch your car, be polite on the road, then any trip will only bring you a good mood.

Few car enthusiasts know what the symptoms of an adsorber malfunction are. And some have no idea at all: what kind of spare part it is and what it is intended for in modern car... Indeed, in more "older" domestic models, these outlandish pieces were not even in sight.

Yes, with the advent of "Euro 3", the environmental standard, auto designers began to use this device without fail in order to retain fuel vapors and exclude them from entering the atmosphere. Such is the prescription, according to this very standard, and it must be followed. And in the systems of most cars, foreign and native production, an adsorber (absorber) has appeared.

The part looks like a small opaque jar. Inside it, the process of adsorption of gases takes place with the help of coal or other substances with which the adsorption device is filled. He also has a special electric valve, which, when operating, emits characteristic sounds - a clatter when the engine is warming up.

The symptoms of an adsorber malfunction are different. A part, like any other, can become unusable, clogged. And flaws can arise due to mechanical damage, natural wear during operation, as well as due to contamination of an element that absorbs gases ..

So, one of the signs that the adsorber is out of order may be excessive pressure in the gas tank. Vapors accumulate, which simply have nowhere to go from the system (they do not leave through the adsorber when the engine is not running). The check is simple: we open the gas tank cap and, if you hear a characteristic hiss, then enough vapors have accumulated there, which can damage the atmosphere.

At the same time, light hissing should still be taken as normal, since according to modern eco standards, fuel systems in cars must be sealed, retain gasoline vapors, preventing them from entering the atmosphere.
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If your engine warms up to 60 ° C at idle, the revolutions really fall (so that), then, most likely, it is necessary to carefully check the adsorber. Perhaps he is the cause of all these troubles. We disconnect the hose leading from the manifold to the valve, drown it by any means (plug, bend, constriction). And if the problem persists, and the engine is doing some tricks again with the instability of the rpm, then your adsorber is clogged.

A sign that the adsorber or its valve is out of order may be that. This happens because the performance of the fuel pump is not enough due to the constant vacuum in the fuel tank.

One of the first signs that the adsorber valve is "covered" is its constant silence. Indeed, when the engine warms up, it emits a characteristic clatter or tapping. If it is absent by ear, then a malfunction is coming soon.

What is the threat?

Of course, you can continue to travel on roads with a similar malfunction. The car will start to move, but its idle ones will still float. In addition, if the adsorber malfunctions are not eliminated in time, then at the nearest gas station, when trying to pour gasoline into the tank, the lid can literally "shoot" from the generated gases, which are not removed in time. So it would be best to replace the unwanted part with a new one.

In addition, if the gas tank is poorly ventilated, this can lead to a vacuum. And as a result, deformation and damage to such an important part as a gas pump. And an unvented adsorber can also cause intake manifold fuel accumulation. And this can already affect the stability of the entire engine.

How to replace?

It is not difficult to replace this part on your own. If there are signs of a malfunction of the adsorber, do not hesitate - change it. It only takes a few tens of minutes. So, we buy the necessary spare part (and it is inexpensive). We will need several clamps, bolts, tools. Oh, and don't forget to replace the hose, as it can also be “frayed”.

Reading 4 min.

Recently, such a device as an absorber has become present in the exhaust system of a car. What it is, how it works and what you need it for can be found in this article.

V modern car there are a lot of different devices. Twenty years ago, no one in the car needed such mundane things for us as a GPS navigator and on-board computer... One such previously unseen device has appeared quite recently, and it is called an absorber. This thing is a special device, the purpose of which is absorption exhaust gases and various vapors, and dividing mixtures into two or more components. The principle of operation of this device is based on special liquid, which is the main working element, is an absorbent.

Design

Externally, the absorber looks like an oblong can and two tubes:

• The first tube guides the perceived vapors inward.
• The second is for condensate outlet.

In the cylinder itself, and mainly the main tank is of this shape, there are an absorber and an evaporator. Inside, the cylinder is divided in half by a separator, most often just a steel plate.

The divider is 3/4 in size; diameter of the cylinder, this decision was made so that the top of the evaporator is in contact with the absorber. In this case, the refrigerant flows freely through the cylinder without loss of pressure. The absorber also includes a generator and a capacitor. The capacitor and generator are divided by an inclined sheet of steel so that they do not touch. The steel sheet is also not solid, one half of it is just solid, and the other is perforated. When refrigerant vapors escape from a weak solution during a sharp warming, condensate droplets are released on the other side and return to the solution, thus, the absorbent always remains in the same amount. Refrigerant vapors also settle on the walls of the tubes, due to which they are cooled and the pressure in them drops. Then, in a heated engine, they are burned out.

Principle of operation

The absorber is located at the bottom of the cylinder, and the evaporator is located on top, above the absorber tubes. The refrigerant flows through the pipes in the cylinder, whereby liquid that does not evaporate is collected at the bottom. Having spread, the refrigerant enters the evaporator tubes. Further, when it leaves the condenser, the refrigerant is mixed with the absorbent solution and enters the heat generator, where the refrigerant is separated again. After that, the steam enters the condenser, where chilled water is released from it, and the exiting substance saturates the absorber again, making the solution concentrated. The solution enters its usual place after passing through the heat exchanger. The absorber is located near the catalyst and collects fuel vapors through the above-described system, so that these vapors do not enter the exhaust manifold and the catalyst, significantly extending the life of the latter. When a special valve in the absorber is triggered, it opens and all the collected vapors go back to the tank. Later

Mandatory characteristics

This mixture of chemicals must have some constant characteristics that will indicate that the absorber is working successfully. All of them are presented below:

• The non-operating case pressure should be close to atmospheric pressure.
• The absorbent liquid must have an unchanging consistency so that when the refrigerant passes through it, it carries away little of the absorbent.
• A relatively constant temperature of the refrigerant must be maintained in order to limit its flow.
• These two liquids, both in liquid and gaseous state, must be completely mutually soluble.
• There must also be good mixing between the evaporator and the absorbent.
• Mandatory: complete safety and chemical resistance of both fluids.

Applicable liquids

Several types of liquids can be used as an evaporator and an absorbing element. Now there are as many as three such options. The first is a combination of ammonia as a refrigerant and water as an absorbent. The second option, which works just as well, is water and lithium bromide. The third and last of the existing ones is water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent. They all work great and have slightly different characteristics. Most often, the use of a particular combination of mixtures depends on the choice of the machine manufacturer.