The TSC (or ASR) system got its name from the English terms Traction Control or anti-slip regulation. In Russian, this is called the traction control system. In fact, it is a secondary function of ABS. The task of the system is to prevent the wheels from slipping on slippery surfaces. When starting the car from a place or a sharp gas supply on the go. As practice shows, a sufficiently powerful car is able to turn the wheels in both second and third gear on the go, if selected wrong tire or asphalt is wet.

How does the system work?

In the event that the wheel speed sensors register slippage, the system, depending on the settings, can reduce fuel supply and reduce engine torque, either slow down the slipping wheel, or do both at the same time. The system is especially useful on slippery surfaces. It is also able to prevent wheel slippage when adding gas in turns, thereby preventing skidding. rear axle on rear-wheel drive cars and demolition of the front on front-wheel drive. The system also helps when starting on a slippery surface uphill, a visual demonstration on the video.

Story

The first samples of the system appeared in Europe on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class in 1987, and earlier in the USA, on Buick cars in 1971 and Cadillac in 1979. For a long time it was an exclusive option for expensive and powerful cars, is now widely used as part of the ESP system.

Advantages and disadvantages

The system has a positive effect on the stability and safety of the car, especially on slippery surfaces, preventing the driver from overpressing the gas to cause a critical situation. But it can do a disservice when driving on deep snow, sand or mud, "suffocating" the engine just at the moment when the car needs maximum gas in order to slip out of unstable coverage. Therefore, if you need to drive through sand or snow (at low speed), Traction Control should be turned off in advance.

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What is a traction control system?

Traction control - this is the name of the traction control system of modern cars, which is a secondary function of electronic. The main purpose of traction control is to ensure reliable adhesion of the wheels to the road surface.

Thanks to this system, the control process is greatly simplified when driving on wet asphalt, ice, off-road, as well as when performing various maneuvers: turns, turns, overtaking, advancing, turning.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation is quite simple, but it was practically possible to implement it only in the early 70s. First installed on Buick cars back in 1971, its name sounded like Max-Trac.

It was possible to avoid slipping in the following way:

• sensors constantly analyzed the angular velocity of the wheels;
• information was sent to the electronic control unit;
• as soon as there was a discrepancy between the amount of supplied fuel-air mixture? , the speed of the vehicle itself and the speed of rotation of one of the wheels (simply speaking, you accelerate, and the car does not accelerate due to slip), traction control is activated by reducing sparking in one of the cylinders.

Later, the system was radically modified and it was applied to Mercedes-Benz S-class in 1987. Its German name was Antriebsschlupfregelung, or ASR.

The components of traction control are:

• sensors installed on each of the wheels and monitor their rotation speed, as well as sharp increases or decreases in speed caused by slipping;
• ECU (Electronic Control Unit or electronic control unit) - processes the incoming data from the sensors and, in the event of a sharp increase in the number of revolutions, sends electrical impulses to the actuators;
• automatic traction control (ATC) valves - block wheels that slip.

Electric valves are cut into the main pipes through which the brake fluid circulates. As soon as an impulse arrives from electronic block control, the valve opens, passing the required volume of fluid, and then abruptly closes to maintain the high pressure needed to actuate the rod of the working cylinder and press the friction pads against the brake disc of the car. The traction control is also linked to the return pump. brake fluid and vehicle ignition system.

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As you can see, the idea is simple, although its implementation requires the presence of fast processors capable of processing large amounts of information in short periods of time.

Application of the traction control system in practice

It is enough to go to the official website of any car manufacturer to make sure that such auxiliary systems today they are widely used - in the description of the configuration you can see so many abbreviations (TCS, BAS, ESC, EBD, ETC, VVT, A-TRC, Hill-Start, Down-Start, and so on) that you need to take an English dictionary or search for a long time in the Internet to determine certain functions.

However, thanks to all of them, driving is becoming easier and more fun.

Traction control has found wide application:

• passenger cars and cargo motorized vehicles;
• Formula 1 racing cars - they skid less on sharp turns, respectively, the speed increases, the number of accidents decreases, and new records appear;
• motorcycles - first installed on the BMW K-1, then used on the Ducati and Kawasaki Concours-14;
• SUVs - traction control is often installed together with a differential lock (there are also models where TCS is used independently without locking), for the first time such a solution was implemented in 1993 on RangeRover - ABS, together with TCS, according to engineers, significantly increased handling on difficult routes, and without differential lock.

Unfortunately, cars domestic production there are no such innovations. For example, on a luxury station wagon LADA Largus There is only ABS. But Granta Lux has ABS, Brake-Assist and EBD. We hope that the new LADA Vesta equipment will be closer to modern requirements.

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Find out how the traction control system of a car works and what types of it exist. Schemes and videos about the principle of the system.

The content of the article:

For about 20 years now, various security systems have been installed on cars, they monitor the safety of braking and accelerating cars. Today, any modern car has such technologies.

Having passed a long period of time, and a difficult path, from simple systems, up to entire complex systems that are combined into several traction control systems.

What is an anti-slip system

The traction control system, or APS for short, is also called "traction control (PBS)", on English language you can also see two names for this technology - Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) and Traction control system (TCS), in German it is called Antriebsschlupfregelung (ASR).

The traction control system is a secondary safety feature that works with the anti-lock braking system. braking system ABS, on cars, trucks and SUVs. This electro-hydraulic system of the car makes it easier to drive the car on wet roads (it prevents the loss of traction of the wheels with the road by constantly monitoring the slip of the driving wheels of the car). Depending on the company of the car manufacturer, anti-slip technology has the following names (types):

• ASR - installed on cars from companies such as Mercedes (as well as ETS), Volkswagen, Audi.
• ASC - installed on BMW cars.
• A-TRAC and TRC - on Toyota vehicles.
• DSA - available on Opel vehicles.
• DTC - mounted on BMW cars.
• ETC - installed on range cars Rover.
• STC - on Volvo cars.
• TCS - installed on Honda vehicles.

Without taking into account a large number of items, traction control systems are similar in design and principle of operation, so let's look at the principle of operation of the most common of them, namely the ASR installed in auto mercedes, Volkswagen or Audi.

ASR system and the nuances of its work

ASR helps prevent loss of traction at the vehicle's wheels by using an electro-hydraulic system that controls the engine and brakes in adverse road conditions or if the driver uses excessive acceleration and the wheels begin to skid on the pavement. The ASR system helps the driver avoid making mistakes in adverse road conditions and helps the driver maintain control of the vehicle.

Professional drivers complain that ASR affects vehicle performance, but this standard equipment in high-performance vehicles helps beginners and drivers who often overestimate their ability to control the car in adverse weather conditions, and restore driver control in unforeseen circumstances.

ASR technology has been in most cars and motorcycles since around 1992. And it traces its history back to the early 1930s, when Porsche developed the limited-slip differential, which allows one wheel to spin slightly faster than the other to improve traction. The ASR system is closely related to ABS. From the first users of ASR, which I already supplemented ABS system, was a BMW in 1979.

How the ASR system works

Main functions and purposes of PBS

The ASR system is built on an anti-lock system ABS brakes. The functions implemented in the ASR are differential lock and torque control.

How the traction control system works and its nuances

The engine control unit controls the rotation of the wheels and after turning on the ignition, vehicle starts to move. Computer monitors compare the acceleration and rotational speed of the drive wheels with the non-power wheels. The computer activates the ASR when the wheel rotation exceeds the slip threshold. The ASR system activates the brake valve differential to control brake cylinder, and the motor torque is applied to the braked wheel. Traction control technology moves from differential brake control to motor control to reduce engine power. In some systems, ASR delays ignition or reduces fuel delivery to specific cylinders to reduce power at speeds above 50 mph. On the instrument panel, you can see the flashes of the control lamp when the system is triggered. Also, this technology can be disabled.

Description of other traction control systems of cars

The TRC system is a traction control system developed by Toyota and used on cars Toyota brands and Lexus. It is considered the most modern and effective traction control system to date.

The principle of operation of the TRC is the same as the ASR, but all the safety technologies of the car are connected to the work.

Video about how the TRC traction control system works

Advantages in the work of the anti-slip system of the car

The advantages of this technology include the following characteristics:

• Reduced chances of tire damage.
• Increased engine resources.
• Driving safety in corners, on wet roads.
• Driving safety on a winter road.
• Safe and comfortable driving on wet, winter and other poor grip roads.
• Helps save fuel.
• Good handling and predictability on the road, which helps to feel comfortable on the track.

Video overview of the principle of operation:

Traction control - what is it? Not every experienced motorist can easily and quickly answer this question. However, this system, firmly established under different names in cars of various brands, is considered one of the most effective means active safety, with which manufacturers associate a number of hopes in the field of reducing accidents on the roads.

We will try to understand what modern traction control is and understand how effective it really is.

ASR / Traction Control - what is it

So, let's understand what is traction control? In simple terms, this is a system that includes a clutch that redistributes torque between the driving wheels of the car, an anti-lock system that selectively brakes the wheels, as well as a set of sensors with a control unit that coordinates the actions of these devices to dampen the vehicle skid and wheel slip.

In fact, today traction control combines the capabilities of anti-skid and traction control systems, although it was originally created as an effective tool to combat slip.

It is a well-known fact that the first automobile brand to commercially introduce traction control in cars was the American company Buick, having introduced a system called MaxTrac in 1971.

The operation of the system was focused on preventing the slipping of the drive wheels, and the control unit, using sensors, determined the slip and gave a signal to reduce the engine speed by interrupting the ignition in one or more cylinders, that is, “strangled” the motor.

This scheme turned out to be very tenacious and is now used by almost all automakers. However, at that time, the traction control system did not have the function of dynamic stabilization of the car.

A significant role in the development of the Traction Control system (abbreviated as TRC) was made by the Japanese engineers of the Toyota concern. It was they who one of the first came up with the idea to use the principles embedded in the system to stabilize the car in the event of an emergency.

Video - Toyota tells how traction control works:

The difference between TRC and Toyota was an integrated approach to the design of the system, which included angular velocity sensors in the wheels of the car, tracking the speed of rotation of each of the wheels, as well as the use of complex methods for reducing traction.

In the first versions cars traction was also reduced by “suffocating” the motor, and in modern versions of the system installed on (for example, the popular Toyota RAV-4), a selective reduction in the speed of rotation of one or another wheel is carried out using a standard viscous coupling, which receives signals from the central unit system control.

At the same time, the viscous coupling does not reduce the moment on the slipping wheel, but proportionally increases the amount of torque on the wheel that has better grip. In such a “powerful” way, the car returns to the required trajectory and there is no danger of skidding, but in the opposite direction from the slippery surface.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Traction Control Systems

Modern traction control systems have a number of advantages and disadvantages. The first, of course, include greater driving safety, because the system itself is able to “recognize” the risk of skidding and extinguish its development.

On the other hand, such "assistance" relaxes the driver, which can lead to less caution when driving on slippery surfaces. In addition, do not forget about situations where wheel slip is not evil, but, on the contrary, can be a driver's assistant.

By the way, this statement does not apply at all to lovers of drifting and high-speed driving on race tracks, but to those drivers who often drive off-road or in deep snow. For example, anti-skid and anti-skid systems can play a cruel joke if you decide to overcome the “pull-in” virgin snow.

By artificially limiting the speed, the system is able to turn off the car's engine at the most crucial moment, and such a "gift" will end in the search for a tractor. To avoid such unpleasant situations practically provide for the possibility of disabling traction control, for which a separate key on the center console of the car is used.

As a rule, the corresponding designation is applied to it (on the same Toyota crossovers it is “TRC off”). Using the key, you can deactivate the system in order to successfully overcome a difficult area.

Using traction control in real operation

Despite the fact that many modern cars have the option of traction control, not all drivers know how to use this system. Let's try to figure out how to use the traction control system with an example Toyota car RAV-4.

In normal driving mode, so to speak, "by default", the TRC system on Toyota is constantly activated. Her intervention in the management is completely imperceptible at first glance, however, when one or more wheels of the car hit a slippery section of the road, the system comes into action, “directing” the car in the right direction and preventing the development of a skid.

In practice, this can be seen in the selective operation of the anti-lock braking system, which is accompanied by a characteristic crunch, as well as a decreasing reaction to the “gas” pedal. In addition, on dashboard the corresponding indicator flashes, signaling the operation of the system.

In Toyota TRC OFF cars - what is this button and how to use it

In order to turn off the stabilization system, as already mentioned, the driver will need to press the button labeled "TRC off" on the center console of your Toyota. This should be done as consciously as possible - only if wheel slip is really a necessary condition.

In addition to the above-mentioned off-road driving, it makes sense to turn off traction control also in cases where intensive acceleration of the car is necessary (for example, to overcome difficult sections on the road.

It is worth mentioning separately the fact that Toyota crossover TRC is not completely turned off, that is, pressing the "TRC off" key only briefly deactivates the system. In addition, the system automatically turns on when a speed of 40 kilometers per hour is reached, as indicated by the inscription "TRC on" on the dashboard.

Accordingly, if it is necessary to turn off again, the button will have to be pressed again. Such a precaution by the manufacturer is justified by safety standards, since today it is traction control that is considered one of the most efficient systems security.

As a matter of fact, this statement is supported by the statistics of road traffic accidents in different countries, and many independent organizations are lobbying for legislation requiring the use of TRC systems in all vehicles sold on the market, regardless of equipment.

Results

As you can see, traction control is a really easy-to-use safety system that makes life easier for the driver. The forced shutdown feature avoids situations where the operation of the TRC could adversely affect driving.

However, any electronics is only an assistant, in no way a guarantee of safety. Only the driver himself can make the ride truly trouble-free and competent.

We analyze the so-called or when to change tires.

TRC (TRaction Control) is one of the names of the traction control system. It so happened that different car manufacturers call it differently, in the descriptions of car models you can find the abbreviations ETS, ASC, ASR, STC and many others. But regardless of the name, the task of this system is to prevent the front wheelset of your car from slipping.

Slippage, as a rule, appears when starting or trying to accelerate sharply on slippery or viscous surfaces: on an icy road, in sand or mud: the engine roars, the wheels spin idle, and the car does not move or moves at the same speed.

The device and principle of operation of the TRC (TRaction Control) system

TRC (TRaction Control) is a system that simultaneously controls both braking and engine traction enhancement processes. This system not only eliminates slipping of the driving wheelset, but also regulates tractive force engine - to values ​​that are optimal for the specific road surface on which the car is moving.

Thanks to TRC, the driver is relieved of difficult manipulations with the gas pedal during slippage, and the car itself acquires exceptional stability when starting abruptly from a stop or quickly accelerating on slippery roads.

However, all automakers that supply their offspring with traction control systems, including Toyota, which installs the TRC system on cars (for Toyota C-class it is optional, and for all classes above it is included in basic equipment auto), emphasize that the traction control system is not an alternative to reasonable and safe driving car.

In addition, manufacturers remind, how effective will traction control system, including TRC, depends on the condition of the road and the degree of tire wear.

Most traction control systems these days are electro-hydraulic. Of course, different manufacturers have their own know-how and traction control systems may differ slightly in design from each other. But still, in general, their principle of operation can be considered on the example of TRC.

TRC in the car controls the traction of the motor due to the ability to control air damper, ignition delays in the cylinders (in one of them or in several at the same time). Also TRC (TRaction Control) can increase or decrease the fuel supply to the engine and control the brake actuator.

At its core, TRC is a necessary component of the car's safety system, especially important for cars with powerful engine, the slightest excess of traction which leads to slipping of the drive wheels.

Without an adequately functioning TRC, a modern SUV is unthinkable, which is a priori obliged to overcome slippery and wet roads with honor, or their complete absence. Can't do without TRC and racing models, the traction control system allows them to exit the turn with acceleration without wheel slip.

Sometimes you can hear the opinion that TRC deprives experienced driver necessary control over the vehicle. Moreover, this system is not just unpopular among motorsport fans - TRC is regularly tried to be outlawed in some of its forms, up to Formula 1, where, due to disputes around TRC, the rules even had to be adjusted several years ago.

However, for most motorists TRC is a reliable assistant. This system not only allows you to start or accelerate without skidding on wet or icy roads, it also makes it much easier for the front-wheel drive car to corner.

It is known that on difficult turns in some cases there comes a moment when the front wheels are unable to pull the car and at the same time turn without skidding. TRC (TRAction Control) also allows you to return the car to controllability.