About 30 years ago, motor oils were really divided into summer and winter. The first ones were most often made in the countries of the former USSR, on old equipment, based on cheap mineral oils. High-quality winter grease poured into Russia from abroad after the opening of "free trade". What is going on in the automotive chemicals market now?

It's no secret that if you fill in the first oil that comes across or thoughtlessly follow the advice of a neighbor, you can cause serious harm to the motor. Therefore, the choice must be taken responsibly. For summer oils operated in warm weather, the requirements are much less. But in winter, in severe frosts, the engine is most picky about the quality of the lubricant.

When starting, oil should be pumped through the engine. The sooner this happens, the better - after all, for some time the motor has to work almost dry. And when metal rubs against metal inside the engine, nothing good can be expected. Therefore, the lower the viscosity of the lubricant during cold start, the better. But here it is important to strike a balance, since too thick engine oil will be harder to spread over all the details. However, first things first.

"Mineral water"versus"synthetics"

The main properties of engine oil depend on its "base". This is the base, to which a package of special additives is also added. Said base oil may be mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic.

Mineral(made directly from oil) is considered the most affordable option, but at the same time, the period of preservation of useful properties during operation, as well as a number of other characteristics, is at the lowest level. In particular, this type of lubricant in the cold turns into a "kissel", so it is categorically not suitable for the winter. Of the benefits: mineral oil cleans the engine of carbon deposits and sediment slowly and gradually, peeling off the “garbage” in small parts. Then, when replacing, it is simply output with processing.

Following mineral motor oils to the market automotive chemistry came more perfect - synthetic based on oil refining products and improved by adding various kinds of additives. Synthetics are designed for different temperatures and do not lose their working properties when the engine is heated or cooled. But if earlier low-quality or inappropriate lubricating chemistry was used in the engine, and it is covered with hardened sediment and soot from the inside, then when switching to synthetics High Quality“debris” can quickly detach, as a result of which the oil channels and filter will be clogged. And after that, you will have to give the engine for repair in general ... Therefore, if it is not known what was filled in earlier and how many thousands of kilometers we drove without replacement, then it is better to first fill the engine with cleaning fluid, and only then new oil, and replace several subsequent cycles more often, than recommended by the manufacturer.

The third type of oils - semi-synthetic. They are an intermediate link between the affordable "mineral water" and expensive "synthetics". This is a natural base with the addition of artificially created compounds. Semi-synthetics are more resistant to temperature changes, but this oil is also not suitable for the engine for the winter, since the low temperature threshold is too high, if you look at the thermometer.

Summerversuswinter

So, we have decided on the types of oils, now let's talk about an equally important characteristic - viscosity. When the engine is running, its internal components rub against each other at great speed, which affects their heating and wear. To prevent this from happening, it is important to have a special protective layer in the form of an oil mixture. It also plays the role of a sealant in the cylinders. Thick oil has an increased viscosity, it will create additional resistance to parts during movement, increasing the load on the engine. And enough liquid will simply drain, increasing the friction of the parts and wearing out the metal.

Taking into account the fact that any oil thickens at low temperatures and thins when heated, the American Society of Automotive Engineers divided all oils by viscosity into summer and winter. According to the SAE classification, summer motor oil denoted simply by a number (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60). The indicated value represents the viscosity. The larger the number, the more viscous the summer oil is. Accordingly, the higher the air temperature in summer in a given region, the higher the oil had to be bought so that it remained sufficiently viscous in the heat.

To the group winter lubricants It is customary to classify products according to SAE from 0W to 20W. The letter W is short for English word winter - winter. And the figure, as well as with summer oils, indicates their viscosity, and tells the buyer what kind of low temperature can withstand oil without harm power unit(20W - not lower than -10°С, the most frost-resistant 0W - not lower than -30°С).

Today, a clear division into oil for summer and winter has receded into the background. In other words, there is no need to change the lubricant based on the warm or cold season. This was made possible by the so-called multigrade engine oil. As a result, individual products only for summer or for winter are now practically not found on the free market. All-weather oil has a type designation SAE 0W-30, being a kind of symbiosis of summer and winter oil designations. In this designation, there are two numbers that determine the viscosity. The first number indicates the viscosity at low temperatures, and the second indicates the viscosity at high temperatures.

How to choose the best engine oil

First of all, when choosing engine oil for a car, you should listen to manufacturer's recommendations. You can find information on permitted oil in the service book, which is provided with each machine. In it, the automaker determines which oil to pour in winter and summer in this model car.

If service book for some reason, it is missing, or the information in it is not relevant (for example, such brands are outdated and are no longer produced), the fluid will have to be selected based on the parameters of the car and tolerances. Do not rely on the advice of friends and the seller in the store. You can't be sure about the professionalism of the shop assistant. And your friend may have another car. For his car, the oil is fine, but for yours it can be disastrous.

To determine which oil better fit exactly your car model, you need to consider engine condition and mileage. With an increase in mileage, the engine density requirements change lubricating fluid. And it is recommended to use an oil with a higher high temperature viscosity index. In other words, it is better not to pour too thin oil into worn motors - due to the increased gaps, the lubricating film will drain from the parts. In addition, when the car passes the mark of 60-70 thousand, it is recommended to switch from synthetics to semi-synthetics. This is due to a decrease performance characteristics motor.

One more important characteristic in the selection of lubricating fluid is tolerance. This is a special marking on the canister, which means that the oil has passed internal certification from the car manufacturer and is approved by them for use in engines. It is worth noting that API and ACEA certifications are not mandatory for passing before the material hits the store shelves, but usually high-quality lubricants always pass at least one of them, which distinguishes them from the rest.

According to the American standard (API), oils marked "C" are suitable for diesel engines, marked "S" - for gasoline, "S / C" - universal fluid. The second letters on the label speak of quality. The closer to the end of the alphabet, the later the specification was adopted, which means the fluid is better. Perfect option– SM or CI classes.

ACEA is an analogue of API, only European. Everything about it is almost exactly the same. Only the letters are different: "A" - gasoline; "B" - diesel; "C" - universal class; "E" - oils for trucks. Instead of the second letter, a number is indicated to decipher the specification. The larger it is, the later it is accepted, which means it is better.

Finding the right engine oil is a difficult task. It must be approached as carefully and carefully as possible. It is important to remember that it is better to choose longer than to change later. lubricant or to repair the machine, because, working on poor-quality or unsuitable material, it will quickly fail.

Good day, dear subscribers of our blog! According to your questions, back to the topic of engine maintenance. We have already spoken about the features of the use of motor oils more than once. But special attention deserves the operation of the car in the cold season. Therefore, now we will touch on the question of what kind of oil to pour into the engine in winter?

This issue is one of the most difficult, but also the most significant in the process of operation. It is necessary to take into account a number of parameters, among which one of the main roles is played by the viscosity of the lubricant used. It's one thing when the winter in your region is mild enough, and another thing - if severe hard frosts are by no means uncommon. Even working fluids can freeze, and in this case it will be much more difficult to start the engine.

Most important parameters, which the driver should pay attention to, are contained in the marking of the lubricant, which is necessarily indicated on the package. The main task is to find the optimal combination, which would include the minimum and maximum operating temperatures, as well as the degree of viscosity, respectively. As evidenced by tests conducted by manufacturers, there are the following types of oil with the appropriate qualities:

• 0W-30, the oil with the lowest viscosity, which practically does not respond to low temperatures;
• , such a lubricant has a good viscosity, and it is prepared for temperature extremes;
• class 10-W30, used in climatic zones with relatively moderate temperatures in winter period;
• 10W-40, is considered a universal lubricant that can be topped up both in the summer months and in winter, but is generally not recommended for modern powertrains.

In a word, the oil on the label of which the first digit is 0 has the lowest degree of viscosity. This means that it facilitates starting even in the most severe and severe frosts, since it practically does not thicken. Does this mean that it is better to fill it always with it? Of course not, since such a diluted liquid is not able to provide necessary protection rubbing engine parts, which leads to their accelerated wear.

The most famous brands

To choose one or another product, you need to pay attention to the brand. Many of them have been working for decades automotive market and have already established themselves as trusted manufacturers. Consider the most famous brands:

• • Shell - enjoys well-deserved reviews from consumers, both here and in Europe;
  • Castrol is one of the most recognized trademarks in the Eurasian market;
  • Xado - not only their lubricant is in demand, but also an additive to engine oil, which improves its performance in the cold season;
  • Mobil - produced in Germany, widely and widely sold in all European countries;
  • Zic is a proven brand that is popular due to its loyal pricing policy;
  • Lukoil is the most famous mineral and synthetic oil among domestic manufacturers. However, for operation in regions with miles of frost, it is difficult to call it the best choice for the consumer.

Despite the seemingly wide choice on the car oil market, you should carefully consider whether it is possible to use the products of a particular company. Otherwise, you run the risk of not starting your vehicle after parking during frost. Much depends on the storage conditions of the car: if in a garage, then the requirements for lubrication can be significantly lower. You can use a universal all-weather fluid without fear for the wear of engine parts.

Another problem during operation in cold weather is not even related to starting the power unit, but to the fact that at high viscosity in the first minutes, cold lubrication causes increased wear of the elements. piston group. Therefore, motorists have a completely logical question: how to heat the oil in winter in order to protect the engine. Too viscous substance does not go well to all the various nodes or it is simply not enough, as a result of which they work under conditions of increased friction.

Now all oils are considered all-weather, but in fact this is far from the case. Identical canisters stand side by side on the shelves in the same store, and only a specialist can distinguish their temperature resistance. So what kind of oil to choose for the winter, so as not to kill the engine?

Modern synthetic lubricants made from crude oil by directed synthesis of molecules. Then, chemical additives are added to the boiled base, and as a result, it is possible to obtain a product with pre-planned characteristics. Synthetic oil thickens worse in cold weather and has high temperature resistance. It is noticeably ahead of the usual mineral operational properties. However, even synthetics are designed for different temperature conditions, and it is not recommended to operate summer oil designed for African countries at extremely low temperatures somewhere in the far north.

If, in a 30-degree frost, you try to start the engine with such a lubricant, then even a serviceable starter and a fully charged battery will have difficulty starting. In other words, if the so-called seasonality of fuel and lubricants is not taken into account, then the equipment will experience excessive loads in borderline operating modes.

Any lubricants, despite their catalog all-weather, have different viscosities, tolerances, basic framework and additive packages, which means they differ in temperature operating conditions. There are oils recommended for high temperatures, as well as oils for cold and even extreme frosts. And all of them are recommended for our Russian climatic conditions and are sold on the same shelf in the store. How not to get confused here?

Summer oils for cars are made more viscous. These products include lubricants that have a viscosity classification from 20 to 60 SAE (Specification of the Institute of the Society of Automobile Engineers). It resists high temperatures better and liquefies less in the heat. However, in cold weather, they quickly lose their declared performance properties.

Winter oils, on the contrary, are recognized by the letter W (from the English. Winter-winter). These products are available in SAE viscosities from 0W to 20W. Modern synthetic oils can operate in an extended temperature range and are considered all-weather. Therefore, they are not changed, as before with the onset of cold weather. However, their temperature corridor is not unlimited.

For multigrade oils, the labeling always indicates two values. For example, from SAE 0W-30 or 5W-40. The first number indicates the viscosity at low temperatures (winter), and the second indicates the viscosity at high temperatures (summer). The SAE 0 index corresponds to a threshold of -30 degrees, and the SAE 30 viscosity index corresponds to an operating threshold at +20 degrees. Thus, such oil can be used at frosts not lower than 30 and at heat not higher than 20 gr.

Another very common multigrade oil is SAE 5W-40. This means that it will lubricate the motor well at temperatures from -25 gr. up to +35 gr.

Now technicians dealer centers when carrying out scheduled maintenance, they hardly think about the criteria of the oil. The craftsmen simply fill in the lubricants recommended by the manufacturer with a viscosity of SAE 5W-30 or 10W-40, leaving the owners themselves to solve problems with starting when severe frosts occur.

However, the winter is often colder than expected. We often have cold temperatures below 25 degrees, and such oils are no longer adapted to work at extreme temperatures.

Therefore, you can independently control the process of changing the oil and ask the masters service center pour oil more adapted to frost, namely 0W-30. It is better pumped by the pump through the lubrication system and does not interfere with crankshaft cranking. Such oil does not require a long warm-up of the engine.

But what to do when the frosts hit even more severely? There is no oil capable of working well below 30 degrees. If the frosts have dropped below 40 degrees, then it is better to stop using personal transport and transfer to public. Any oil in the engine will begin to solidify and will not be able to be actively pumped through the lubrication system by the pump. This means that during a cold start, metal rubbing parts will experience increased wear.

There is even a special pumpability parameter. You need to look at it for oils that have zero SAE viscosity.

pour point synthetic oil is 48 degrees below zero. In this case, the lubricant turns into jelly and prevents the crankshaft from turning. The engine will not start.

Knowing this, automakers enter software bookmarks into the engine control unit that prevent the engine from starting at extremely low temperatures. How many do not twist the key in the ignition, and the computer will not give the command to start.

Thus, for frosty winters, SAE 0W-30 (-30° to +20°C) can be used, and for summer SAE 5W-40 (from -25° to +35°C).

In winter, the skin suffers from “contrast shower” in the form of a sharp temperature drop, lack of sun and vitamins, dry air indoors and outdoors. At the same time, this is the right season for serums and peels with acids, enzymes and retinol, which rejuvenate and improve the complexion. All these funds are undesirable to use in summer and spring because of the active sun.

How to protect skin from frost?

To save yourself from dryness and peeling, it is important to properly protect your face before going out. You can, of course, lubricate the skin with goose fat at minus twenty, as our grandmothers did, but modern creams save from frost just as well - while they are much easier to buy and more pleasant to use. It is good if the cream contains avocado oil or shea butter (karite), which have a strong regenerating and protective effect. But creams with menthol and mint are contraindicated in winter: they constrict blood vessels. The real salvation from frost is decorative cosmetics, which also has protective properties. The make-up sequence is as follows: a day or nourishing cream is applied to a cleansed face according to skin type, then, after five to ten minutes, foundation or foundation. Concealer and creamy shadows protect the delicate skin around the eyes. The final touch is a thin layer of loose powder. With the help of these procedures, the skin can easily cope with all the “charms” of the Russian winter.

Can I use moisturizer in winter?

This question worries many women who are faced with peeling problems and a feeling of skin tightness in the cold season.

Olga Novikova:

- In a moisturizer, the basis is water, and at low temperatures it forms crystals that injure the skin and cause peeling. In winter, apply the cream at least an hour before going outside - and there will be no problems. In the cold season, you need to give preference to lifting and nourishing creams. There is a wonderful tool that can be applied in severe frost on a walk or in ski resorts - this is a cold cream. It is sold in pharmacies (manufacturers - Avene or Uriage).

What will help to survive a sharp change in temperature?

The skin is harmed not only by severe frost, but by constant movement from heat to cold and back. They are responsible for dryness, peeling, hypersensitivity and problems with blood vessels. Therefore, when choosing cosmetics, it is worth considering the following points:

- It is better to replace soaps and tonics with alcohol with soft foams and mousses for washing or cosmetic milk, because the skin needs delicate cleansing in winter. (For sensitive allergic skin, some beauticians even recommend using an intimate hygiene product).

- Day cream should be chosen according to the type of skin, since sudden changes in temperature exacerbate its problems. Dry skin becomes sensitive, dense creams are suitable for it - for example, with beeswax. Oily skin easily becomes inflamed from a lack of moisture - choose light fluid creams and emulsions, but without a drying and matting effect. Avoid Vaseline, Glycerin and mineral oil: They clog pores and contribute to the appearance of blackheads.

— Moisturizing and nourishing masks, saturated with vitamins and oils, are indispensable for restoring the skin in the winter. They are used a couple of hours before bedtime, then washed off or removed with a napkin and a night cream is applied, which is chosen depending on age-related problems.

What should be in winter makeup?

Creams and serums are designed to solve typical problems skin in the coldest time of the year, which are caused by lack of sun, vitamin deficiency and dehydration. Therefore, when studying the composition of a cosmetic product, you should pay attention to the following ingredients:

— Vitamin D(labeled as ergocalciferol). In our northern latitudes, a sunny day is a rare and short phenomenon. But the sun promotes the synthesis of vitamin D, without which the skin becomes lethargic, pale and quickly loses its tone;

— Vitamin E(tocopherol), which has moisturizing and protective properties. This vitamin is also rich in various oils - jojoba, cedar, almond - which are often included in "winter" creams;

— Collagen and hyaluronic acid as part of night creams, serums and ampoule solutions deeply moisturize the skin. Such funds can be used every evening;

— Squalane- shark liver oil, which is widely used in cosmetology. When applied to the skin, it forms a protective film that prevents moisture loss.

Should I use creams with acids and retinol in winter?

The doctor-cosmetologist of the clinic of plastic surgery "Sirius" answers Olga Novikova:

- Creams with acids and retinol can be used in winter, but they should be applied in the evening, 1-2 hours before bedtime. At the same time, it is necessary to protect the skin with a cream with SPF (sun protection factor). The most optimal indices are SPF 15-30. If there is a protection factor in the foundation, this will be enough.

Many women in the winter prefer salon care based on products with a high content of acids - after all, strong sun protection is not required. However, products with acids, enzymes and retinol can also be used at home - professional and pharmacy lines of cosmetics offer a wide range of peels for independent use.

How to prevent the appearance of "spider veins"?

Cosmetics can also help people with sensitive thin skin and fragile blood vessels. First of all, these are creams with vitamin K and P, ginkgo biloba and horse chestnut extracts, which strengthen blood vessels, as well as creams for dry skin that can reliably protect the face from the cold.

Do I need to use peeling products (scrub, gommage)?

They are necessary, because in winter the skin also needs to exfoliate the upper, keratinized layer of the skin. Peeling procedures are recommended twice a week for oily skin, once for normal skin; For dry and sensitive skin, one session every two weeks is enough.

In winter, when the air temperature is below zero, starting the engine is much more difficult. especially on diesel cars, it requires increased stress on working systems and the patience of the driver. In order to make it easier to scroll the crankshaft, you need to clearly know what kind of oil to fill in the car engine for the winter.

First of all, when choosing a winter lubricant, you should refer to the manufacturer's recommendations. Each car is accompanied by an instruction manual, in which the manufacturer clearly indicates which oil to pour into this model in winter (what brand and with what parameters). If, for some reason, the information is missing or the information in it is not relevant (for example, such brands are outdated and are no longer produced), the liquid will have to be selected based on the parameters and tolerances. If they are also outdated, and it is no longer possible to select a lubricant according to these criteria, then it is necessary to more carefully study the state of the chemistry market for cars, since you can only rely on yourself and your own knowledge. It’s worth clarifying in advance that you should not buy oil based on the seller’s hint or the reviews of friends. Unfortunately, an ordinary buyer cannot have confidence in the competence and honesty of dealers, and a friend may have a completely different car, so what suits him may be the worst option for your "swallow".

Types of engine oil by chemical composition

Initially, only mineral motor oil was used for cars. The name "mineral" speaks for itself - it means that the liquid is made from natural ingredients (oil). But mineral motor oil is categorically not suitable for the winter, especially in those places where the air temperature drops much below -10 degrees Celsius - it simply freezes in the engine.

Then synthetic motor oil was created by synthesizing molecules that provide more or less the same performance at changing operating temperatures.

There is another kind of semi-synthetic oil. This is a natural base with the addition of artificially created compounds.

Each type has its pros and cons. As mentioned above, a liquid with a mineral composition is not suitable for operation at low temperatures, but at the same time it cleans the engine of soot and sediment slowly and gradually, peeling off the “garbage” in small parts. Then, when replacing, it is simply output with processing.

Semi-synthetics are more resistant to temperature changes, but this oil is also not suitable for the engine for the winter, since the low temperature threshold is too high, if you look at the thermometer.

Synthetic fluid is the most popular, as it is designed for different temperatures (depending on the classification), but does not lose its working properties when the engine is heated or cooled, roughly speaking, synthetics "adjust". But if earlier low-quality or inappropriate lubricating “chemistry” was used in the engine, and it is covered with hardened sediment and soot from the inside, then when switching to high-quality synthetics, “garbage” can quickly peel off, as a result of which the oil channels and filter will be clogged. And after that, you will have to give the engine for repair, which is not at all cheap. Therefore, if it is not known what was filled in earlier and how many thousands of kilometers we drove without replacement, then it is better to first fill the engine with cleaning fluid, and only then new oil, and replace it more often for several subsequent cycles than recommended by the manufacturer.

Viscosity

When choosing which oil to fill in for the winter, first of all, you need to pay attention to viscosity - this is one of the most important indicators of the performance of a lubricating fluid.

The bottom line is that engine parts rub against each other at high speed during operation. Between them there must be an oil film, which, on the one hand, will reduce the friction force, and hence the heating and wear of parts, and on the other hand, will ensure tightness during friction (for example, in cylinders). If the engine oil is too thick in winter, that is, it will have an increased viscosity, then each movement will be difficult for the system, requiring an increase in effort, and the return will be low during hard engine operation. If the oil is too liquid, it will simply drain over the parts, without providing a layer between the pistons and cylinder walls, that is, during friction, the metal will be worn out and depleted.

Constantly changing. If the machine is stopped, the temperature will be equal to the ambient temperature. As the engine warms up before driving, the temperature rises slowly. When driving, it depends on the effort of the motor, it can rise and fall in the process. And then the question arises of which oil is better to use for the winter, if it thickens when cold, and becomes liquid when heated.

To provide comprehensive protection in the cold season at low temperatures, the oil must remain thin enough to make it easier for the engine to start easily and avoid oil starvation, and with increasing operating temperature it should be thick enough to form an oily film.

by SAE

The American Society of Automotive Engineers created a classification that is now used around the world. We will talk about this further.

winter oil

Previously, the question of which oil is better to use for the winter did not even confront motorists. The answer was unequivocal - winter. According to the SAE classification, it was designated by the letter W after the digital value (winter - "winter"). The packaging said: SAE 0W or SAE 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W. The number in front of the W told the buyer what the lowest temperature the oil could withstand without harming the power unit. Before winter, the motorist necessarily produced on a suitable one for the weather conditions of his region, regardless of how much he rolled on the previous lubricant. Winter oil did not thicken at low temperatures, but became too thin if the air temperature rose.

summer oil

According to the SAE classification, summer oil was simply designated by a number (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40). It meant the upper temperature threshold at which the liquid can be used. The higher the air temperature in the summer in a given region, the more it was necessary to buy oil so that it remained sufficiently viscous in the heat.

All-weather oil

Recently, such types of lubrication as summer or winter oil have gone into oblivion, since all-weather oil is widely used. It is much easier to handle, it is not necessary to make its mandatory replacement before each new season, looking for oil with a different classification of the same brand as the previous one. All-weather oil is indicated by two numbers and the letter W between them. The first figure indicates the "winter" indicators of the liquid (it depends on which oil to fill in for the winter), and the second - about the "summer". This universal lubricant, of course, has both upper and lower temperature thresholds, but everyone can choose exactly the oil that fits into the desired range. At the same time, in winter it will remain quite fluid, and in summer it will retain its viscosity.

Selection of oil according to SAE classification for a specific climate

• SAE 20W-40 - from -10 to +45;
• SAE 15W-40 - from -15 to +45;
• SAE 10W-40 - from -20 to +35;
• SAE 10W-30 - from -20 to +30;
• SAE 5W-40 - from -25 to +35;
• SAE 5W-30 - from -25 to +20;
• SAE 0W-40 - from -30 to +35;
• SAE 0W-30 - from -30 to +20.

As can be seen from the list above, for residents of temperate latitudes, excellent suitable oil 5W40 in winter, as it can easily withstand low temperatures and will not leak when it warms up. They can be safely used all year round.

API engine oil classification

The American Fuel Institute has created another classification that should be considered when choosing oil for the winter. As a rule, this indicator indicates the quality of the lubricant. Manufacturers are not required to test their product against the API and place information about it on the label, but most often it is poor quality liquid does not go through this process. Since every motorist tries to fill in the best oil for the winter, it is worth looking for a lubricant with this indicator.

There are two main notations in the API system. The letter S tells the buyer that this oil is only for gasoline engines, and the letter C says that the liquid can only be poured into a diesel engine. Sometimes on the packaging you can find a double designation that looks either like this - S ... / C ..., or like this - C ... / S ... In the first case, the oil is best suited for a gasoline car, but the manufacturer allows its use in diesel car, in the second case - on the contrary.

Both the S classification and the C classification have additional parameters that are important when choosing which oil to pour for the winter.

For petrol engines

• SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF are obsolete classes that are no longer used. This is an oil that was suitable for engines from 1930-1989. release.
• SG - oil for engines manufactured since 1989. Protects the motor from carbon deposits and corrosion, as well as from oxidation.
• SH - oil for engines since 1994 of release. Improved protection against carbon deposits, corrosion and oxidation, reduces wear on parts. Suitable if grade SG or lower is recommended.
• SJ - oil for engines under 1996. It has all the previous qualities, improved anti-carbon complex, more accurate work in cold weather. Suitable if SH or lower is recommended.
• SL - oil for multi-valve and turbocharged engines manufactured since 2000. Increased quality control, suitable for motors that are recommended for class SJ and below.
• SM - oil for modern engines (since 2004). Improved protection against premature wear and accumulations of soot. This engine oil is suitable for all engines where a lower grade lubricant is recommended. Today it is the best engine oil for the winter.

For diesel engines

• CA, CB, CC, CD, CE are obsolete classes.
• CF - for engines since 1990 with indirect injection. Contains additives to reduce carbon deposits, corrosion, oxidation and wear. Use with the recommended CD class is acceptable.
• CG - for engines after 1995 of release, which are subjected to increased loads. Car oil prevents the accumulation of soot and soot, oxidation and foaming.
• CH - oil for engines after 1998. It has all of the above qualities, but additionally meets exhaust gas toxicity standards.
• CI is a class adopted in 2002. The oil complies with all environmental standards, has a cleaning additive. Reduces the amount of soot and deposits, has increased fluidity. The best oil in the engine for the winter for new diesel engines.

The number 2 or 4 after the letter value indicates which engine - two-stroke or four-stroke - is suitable for lubrication.

ACEA engine oil classification

ACEA is an analogue of API, only European. The label, as a rule, indicates compliance with one of these classifications, but both can be found.

• The letter G indicates that the oil is suitable for gasoline engine, and the numbers from 1 to 5 indicate its quality.
• The letters PD indicate that the oil is suitable for diesel engines. cars, numbers 1 and 2 indicate quality.
• The letter D with numbers from 1 to 5 means that the lubricant is designed for diesel truck engines.

What to do before winter

Before you think about what kind of oil to fill in for the winter, you need to make sure that the car is ready for increased loads and low temperatures. This is especially true for owners of diesel cars, who often have to leave their "swallow" in the parking lot or near the house and run to a public transport stop.

The most important thing and the very first thing is that the battery and starter must be in good working condition! If there are minimal problems with the battery in the fall, then in the winter they will appear before you in an enlarged size. After checking these components, you can move on to thinking about which oil to pour in winter, but this applies not only to engine oil, but also to transmission, lubricating fluid in the axle and power steering (if present). Also change to winter options antifreeze and In the first case - so that the water does not freeze in the system, and in the second - to ensure good visibility while driving.

Once you have decided which oil is best to fill in your engine in winter, you should go to storm auto chemical shops. Happy road!