The D243 engine is a representative diesel engine for tractors and heavy vehicles. This is a four-stroke engine with a vertical arrangement of cylinders and fuel injection into the cylinders themselves.

Specifications

Possessing high technical characteristics, the D-243 power unit was ideally suited for installation on tractors and trucks. The main applicability of motors was on MTZ tractors-80 and MTZ-82. At the same time, it was necessary to equip the power unit with an additional water and oil cooler.

D243 engine projections

Consider the main technical characteristics of the motor:

Engine drawing D243

Maintenance and oil change

The D-243 engine does not have significant differences from the 240 model. Service maintenance the engine is carried out every 20-25 thousand kilometers.

Scheduled maintenance of internal combustion engines - a set of operations aimed at maintaining the primary state of the units and parts of the unit.

D243 on tractor Belarus

According to the manual for the repair and operation of the D-series motor compiled by the manufacturer, we will consider what operations are included in the maintenance of the 243rd:

1. Change of oil.
2. Replacement of filters. So, depending on the modification of the motor, there may or may not be the following filter elements: fine and coarse oil filter, filter element for coarse and fine cleaning fuel, air filter, exhaust ecofilter.
3. Nozzle cleaning.
4. High pressure fuel pump adjustments.
5. Other operations aimed at maintenance power unit.

D243 engine after overhaul

Servicing a high-pressure fuel pump is a separate set of operations that only repairmen can do with high quality fuel equipment diesel engines.

Oil change

Oil change and oil filter is carried out quite characteristically for all models of MMZ power units marked D. The process itself does not differ much from other diesel engines. Consider the main aspects of maintenance.

1. We unscrew the drain plug on the oil pan. Do not forget to install the container where the liquid will be drained.
2. After the oil has escaped, it is necessary to tighten the drain plug.
3. Change the fine and coarse oil filter.
4. We fill in a new lubricating fluid engine.
5. After warming up, it is necessary to check the level of lubrication in the engine. If necessary, add the missing amount.

Cylinder head D243

Features of in-line and overhaul

Repair of the D-243 engine is a whole range of operations to restore the engine's performance, which is not recommended to be done by hand. So, it is worth contacting professionals who can correctly diagnose malfunctions and wear, as well as which internal element needs to be replaced.

Consider the main set of operations that is carried out for the D-243 motor in order to overhaul the motor:

1. Superficial fault diagnosis is carried out by ear. The motorist determines the presence extraneous noise, as well as the preliminary location.
2. Dismantling the motor from the car, as well as carrying out a complete disassembly of the power unit.
3. Cylinder measurements and crankshaft. Determining the repair number, as well as ordering spare parts. As practice shows, in most cases, in order not to bore the engine cylinders, the block is sleeved. This parameter allows, and in the case of subsequent repairs, to bore not the block, but the sleeves, which, when worn, can be removed and new ones inserted.
4. Cylinder head repair.
5. Assembly of the power unit.

A separate parameter is the restoration of the injection pump. As practice shows, the master repairs only the plunger pair, which wears out most often.

D243 engine on an excavator

As for in-line repair operations, each owner of a car with a D243 engine has sufficient skills and knowledge to restore his engine on his own, the main thing is that the hand grows from the right place. To the most common problems applies to:

• Starter and alternator failure.
• Failure of the water pump.
• Replacing drive belts.
• Adjustment valve mechanism.
• Change of oil.
• Replacing engine filters.

Repair instructions for each node are available on the Internet or you can use factory books that are publicly available.

Conclusion

The D-243 engine is widely used on MTZ (80/82) tractors, as well as TTZ and the EO 3323A excavator. In the factory configuration, the engine is equipped with a 12-volt starter, a 14-volt generator, an air compressor (A29.05.000-B or A29.05.000-B3A), a 10Zh-3-04L gear pump, a 4UTNI-1111007-420 fuel pump, a clutch 240-1005009.

The D-243 engine is diesel engine. The cylinders are arranged in a row, vertically. Fuel enters directly into the working cylinders of the engine. There is no turbocharging in the power unit. Ignition in the working cylinders occurs in four cycles.

The power unit is installed on tractors used in industry, agriculture and forestry. Many manufacturers of excavators and loaders choose the MMZ D 243 engine.

Specifications D 243:

1. The power unit has 4 working cylinders.
2. Ignition order combustible mixture: 1-3-4-2.
3. The cylinders have a diameter of 11 cm.
4. The piston makes a distance of 12.5 cm in one cycle.
5. The total working volume of the cylinders is 4.75.
6. Engine power - 60 kW.
7. The torque value at 600 rpm is 298 N * m.
8. The compression ratio is 16.
9. Diesel consumption - 226 g / kWh.
10. Oil pressure at maximum engine speed 0.08 MPa.
11. Oil pressure at nominal speed - 0.25-0.35 MPa.
12. The motor weighs 490 kg.
13. The volume of oil is 12 liters.
14. Diesel can be operated at temperatures from -45 to +40 degrees.

diesel engine

The price of a new engine d 243 is 153,100 rubles.

D-243 engine repair

The engine is reliable and durable. But, like any other unit and unit, the motor can fail. In some cases, repairs can be done independently, and sometimes it is impossible to do without the intervention of a repair authority. The spare parts catalog is always filled with parts for the D-243, which increases its maintainability.

Difficulty starting the engine or inability to start

Diesel engines, when air enters them, are difficult to start. Therefore, it is necessary to check the system for tightness of the fuel lines. If even after the restoration of tightness and pumping the system with a pump, the power unit does not start, then there is a possibility of a breakdown of the high-pressure fuel pump. It can be repaired or replaced.

Severe power reduction

First of all, it is necessary to check the pump control lever and, if necessary, adjust it. This symptom is characteristic of the engine when the fine filter is clogged. It needs to be replaced.
If, after replacing the filter, the engine does not restore normal operation, then it is necessary to check the injectors. Serviceable ones need to be cleaned and the sprayers in them updated. You can buy used. In addition, it is necessary to check the fuel advance angle. Correct if necessary. To a lesser extent, a clogged air cleaner can reduce power.

floating speed

The engine speed starts to float if air enters the system. First of all, it is necessary to establish the tightness of all elements of the fuel system. Often the problem is eliminated by adjusting the idle spring.

Heavy smoke when pressing the accelerator pedal

The air cleaner should be checked for contamination. Clean if necessary. Sometimes smoke is associated with a stuck nozzle needle. The malfunction is eliminated by replacing the atomizer and adjusting the nozzle. Possible breakdown fuel pump or its incorrect operation.

Engine does not reach operating temperature

This is possible when water gets into the fuel. If this happens, you need to change the fuel. The second option is a failure to adjust the thermal intake of the valves. Eliminated by adjustment thermal gap valves and rockers. Setting the desired advance angle will allow you to restore the fuel supply setting. Sometimes this happens as a result of exceeding the oil level in the engine.

Engine overheats

Boiling of the coolant in the radiator occurs as a result of its clogging. Complete cleaning of the system will avoid further overheating. All scale and accumulated dirt must be removed. In case of insufficient tension of the fan belt, the cooling of the liquid in the radiator does not occur. This causes the engine to overheat. It is enough to tighten the belt and the defect will be corrected.

As the engine heats up, the oil pressure drops.

The first thing you need to pay attention to is the pressure sensor. Often, replacing it allows you to restore the level of pressure. A pressure drop is inevitable if the oil line is leaking. The leak, if it occurs, must be eliminated. The oil pump may be involved in the oil drop. It can be repaired or replaced, depending on the type of fault.

Many types of equipment use the D 243 engine

Diesel D-243: device

Reliability and maintainability are the main advantages of the power unit. It has a classic layout. The largest and, one might say, the fundamental element is the cast-iron cylinder block. The cylinder head is also made of cast iron.

The block has 4 bores that form the space for the cylinders. Sleeves are installed in the landing belts, and fixed with a shoulder. The coolant circulates in the space between the liner and the cylinder block. The flow of lubricant occurs through the channel available in the block. High pressure fuel pump, filters, water pump and other elements are attached to the block.

Introduction ................................................. ................................................. .................................
Purpose, device, principle of operation of the power system diesel engine
D-243 ............................................... ................................................. .........................................
Diagram of the diesel engine power system D-243 ............................................... ......
Purpose, device, principle of operation of the high pressure fuel pump ..10
The procedure for adjusting the amount of supply and the moment the fuel supply starts in
engine ................................................. ................................................. ...............................
Malfunctions that occur during the operation of the engine power system,
elimination procedure...............................................................................................................
Maintenance of the power supply system of the D-243 diesel engine ..............................
Safety during work..................................................................
Literature ................................................. ................................................. .........................

Introduction

Diesel engine D-243 is a 4-stroke piston four-cylinder, with in-line vertical arrangement of cylinders, liquid cooling, with free air intake, direct injection diesel fuel and compression ignition. Without turbocharging.

The engine is designed for operation at an ambient temperature of +40 to -44 °C and is designed for installation on tractors MTZ-80, MTZ-82,

TTZ; excavator EO-3323A; agricultural, forestry and industrial machines, as well as for completing diesel power plants AD-12, AD-

16, AD-20, AD-30

The scope of diesel engines is places with unlimited air exchange.

Diesel engines D-243 (Fig. 1) are basic models. Their modifications differ from the basic model in terms of power adjustment, completeness, starting system, and design of some parts.

Depending on the purpose, diesel engines can be equipped with additional assembly units: a pneumatic compressor, a power steering gear pump with a drive, clutch discs as an assembly.

Diesels have start from an electric starter or a starting engine. The diesel brand with starting from the starting engine has the letter "L" (for example: D-243L).

Dimensions:

Rice. 1 - Diesel D-243 (right view).

Rice. 2. Diesel D-243 L (left view).

Technical characteristics of the D-243 diesel engine

Specific fuel consumption, g/kW (g/hp.h) Power, kW (hp)

Rotation frequency, rpm

Maximum torque, Nm (kgm)

Rotation frequency at maximum torque, rpm.

Weight, kg

Starting device

Generator: Pneumatic compressor: Gear pump: Fuel pump: Water pump: Oil pump: Clutch:

or ST-142M

G9695.3701-01 (14V) A29.05.000-BZA NSh 10Zh-3-04l

High pressure fuel pump 4UTNI-1111007- 420 240-1307010-A1 245-1403010

Purpose, device, principle of operation of the diesel engine power supply system D-243

The diesel engine, in accordance with Figure 3, consists of a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a crank mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, as well as units and assemblies of power supply, lubrication, cooling, start-up and electrical equipment systems.

Rice. 3. Diesel D-243 (longitudinal section):

1 - oil pump; 2 - fan; 3 - water pump; 4 - piston pin; 5 - connecting rod; 6 - cap; 7 - piston; 8 - cylinder liner; 9 - cylinder head cover; 10 - cylinder head; 11 - cylinder block; 12 - flywheel; 13 - counterweight; 14 - crankshaft; 15 - oil receiver.

The diesel power system, in accordance with Figure 4, consists of a fuel pump, injectors, low and high pressure pipelines, an air cleaner, intake and exhaust manifolds, fuel filters coarse and fine cleaning, a fuel tank mounted on a tractor (machine).

On the D-245 diesel engine and its modifications, a turbocharger is included in the power system

Fig.4. D-243 diesel power supply scheme:

1 - fuel tank; 2 - coarse fuel filter; 3 - fuel pipes; 4 - fuel pump; 5 - high pressure fuel pipe; 6 - fuel fine filter; 7 - air cleaner; 8 - coarse air filter; 9 - electric torch heater; 10 - intake manifold; 11 - muffler; 12 - exhaust manifold; 13 - nozzle.

A 4UTNI high-pressure fuel pump is installed on the D-243 diesel engine and its modifications.

All models of pumps are driven from the diesel crankshaft through timing gears. Fuel pumps have an all-mode regulator and a piston-type booster pump, two control levers.

The pump regulator houses a fuel supply corrector, an automatic fuel supply enricher (at starting speeds), and the 4UTNI-T fuel pump, in addition, has a pneumatic smoke limiter (pneumatic corrector).

The booster pump is mounted on the high pressure pump housing and is driven by a camshaft eccentric.

The working parts of the fuel pumps are lubricated with running oil coming from the diesel lubrication system into the pump housing through a special hole in the flange. Drainage of oil from the pump housing into the diesel crankcase is carried out by special drilling in the flange.

When installing a new or repaired pump on a diesel engine, it is necessary to fill it with 200 ... 250 cm3 of oil used for diesel lubrication through the oil filler hole on the regulator cover.

The nozzle is designed to inject fuel into the diesel cylinder. It provides the necessary fuel atomization and limits the start and end of the feed. On diesel engines, an injector with a five-hole closed-type atomizer 171.1112010-02 (ZAO AZPI) is used.

Nozzle 171.1112010-02 and sprayer (AZPI) are marked - "171-02". The marking is applied to the nozzle body and to the atomizer body.

The coarse filter is used for preliminary fuel purification from mechanical impurities and water.

The coarse filter consists of a body, a reflector with a grid, a diffuser, a glass with a damper.

The sludge is drained from the filter through the hole in the bottom of the glass, closed with a stopper.

The fine filter is used for the final purification of the fuel. The fine filter has a replaceable paper element.

Fuel, passing through the curtains of the paper filter element, is cleaned of mechanical impurities. In the lower part of the filter housing there is a hole with a stopper for draining the sludge.

To remove air from the power system, a special plug is located on the filter cover.

The air cleaner is used to clean the air sucked into the cylinders.

Combined diesel air cleaner: dry centrifugal cleaning and oil dust collector with a wet nylon filter. In the air cleaner housing there are three filter elements made of nylon bristles of different diameters.

The D-245 diesel engine and its modifications also provide for the use of an air cleaner installed by the consumer, consisting of the main and control paper filter cartridges.

On all diesel engines with an electric starter start, an electric torch heater is installed in the intake manifold, which serves to heat the air sucked into the cylinders in order to facilitate starting the diesel engine at low ambient temperatures.

Scheme of the power supply system of the diesel engine D-243

Purpose, device, principle of operation of the high pressure fuel pump

A 4UTNI high-pressure fuel pump is installed on the D-243 diesel engine and its modifications. (see fig.5)

The high-pressure fuel pump delivers the necessary portions of fuel through the nozzles into the combustion chamber at strictly defined moments. According to the principle of operation, the fuel pumps used on diesel engines are of the spool type with a constant plunger stroke and regulation of the end of the fuel supply. The number of fuel pump sections corresponds to the number of engine cylinders. Each section serves one cylinder.

The fuel pump (high pressure pump) is used to supply precisely measured portions of fuel to the engine cylinders at a certain moment and under high pressure.

Two types of fuel pumps are installed on diesel engines: in-line type TN and distribution type ND. Let's decipher, for example, the brand of the pump 4UTNM. modernized four-plunger universal in-line fuel pump. The brand of the pump ND-21/2-4 means that the pump is a diesel distribution type, single-section (21), for two

Four cylinders. The brand of the pump ND-22/b means that the pump is a diesel distribution type, two-section (22), for six cylinders.

Engine MMZ D-243

Characteristics of D-243

Production	MMZ
Engine brand	D243
Release years	1974-present
Block material	cast iron
engine's type	diesel
Configuration	in-line
Number of cylinders	4
Valves per cylinder	2
Piston stroke, mm	125
Cylinder diameter, mm	110
Compression ratio	16
Engine volume, cc	4750
Engine power, hp / rpm	60/2200 81/2200 83/2200
Torque, Nm/rpm	274/- 298/1600 298/1600
Environmental regulations	Euro 0 Euro 1
Turbocharger	—
Engine weight, kg	430 (D243)
Fuel consumption, l/h (for GS-10.01)	8.8
Oil consumption, % of fuel consumption, up to	1.1
Engine oil	5W-40 15W-40
How much oil is in the engine, l	12
Oil change is carried out, hours	500
Dimensions, mm: - length - width - height	1003 676 1223
Engine resource, hours - according to the plant - on practice	8 000 —
Tuning, HP — potential - no loss of resource	100+ —
The engine was installed	MTZ-80, 82, 892, 952 MTZ MT-353, MP-403, MGL-363, MMP-393, MPL-373 TTZ-80 Belarus-90, 820, 821, 900 EC-12, EC-14 EO-3323 VP-05-04 Loaders 41008 Zlata, 40810, 41015, 41306 AD30, AD60 ADD-4004 ED30 DU-98, 100 MZ Arsenal Amkodor-6641, 6622

Reliability, problems and repair of MMZ D-243

The production of the D243 diesel engine at a plant in Minsk began in 1974, and it was an in-line 4-cylinder engine. Here, a cast-iron cylinder block with wet cast iron liners is used, inside this block there is a steel crankshaft with a piston stroke of 125 mm, with main journals of 75.25 mm and with crankpins of 68.25 mm. Steel connecting rods 230 mm long, aluminum pistons 110 mm in diameter with piston pins 38 mm in diameter. This provides a working volume of 4.75 liters.
The oil pressure at MMZ D-243 should be in the range of 2.5-3.5 kgf / cm 2.

On top of the block is a cast iron head with 2 valves per cylinder. The diameter of the intake valves is 48 mm, and the exhaust valves are 42 mm, the thickness of the legs is 11 mm. This is a lower motor, respectively, the camshaft is located in the block and sets the valves in motion through pushers, rods and rocker arms.
Valves should be checked and adjusted every 500 hours of operation. Valve clearances are as follows: inlet and outlet - 0.25 mm. The order of adjustment of the valves is the same as the order of operation - 1-3-4-2.

For these engines there is a 4UTNI fuel pump.
On the basis of the 243rd, the famous D-245 turbodiesel was created.

Modifications of D-243 and their differences

1. D-243 - the usual version with a power of 81 hp.
2. D-243L - the same D-243, but with a different exhaust manifold.
3. D-243.1 - 83 hp engine.
3. D-243.2 - version for mining vehicles with a capacity of 60 hp.

Malfunctions D-243

This is a simple naturally aspirated engine and additional electronics and, accordingly, it does not have many of the problems inherent in D-245 turbocharged diesel engines. In any case, age takes its toll and if you have problems with smoke, as well as with other joys, then the reasons for their occurrence are painted.

Tuning engines D-243

Turbine installation

You can convert your atmospheric 243rd into a turbocharged D-245, thereby adding a little power to it. To implement this, you need a TKR 6 turbine from the 245th, an exhaust manifold for it from the D-245, make oil supply and oil drain, set up your high-pressure fuel pump and everything will work on standard pistons. For this they sell ready-made kits turbine installation for quite normal money.
You cannot get a full-fledged D-245 in this way (the block, crankshaft and pistons are different), but you will add power to the motor.

Diesel D-243 of the Minsk Motor Plant is one of the most common and popular engines in Russia. Although there is nothing surprising here - this motor was installed and is being installed on the most massive MTZ-80/82 tractors. Today, the engine is produced in several modifications, one of which - D-243-654 - is described in this article.

Characteristics and features of the engine

In 1974, the history of the legendary MTZ-80/82 tractors began, which are successfully produced in Minsk to this day. The tractor, new at that time, was also equipped with a new power unit manufactured by the Minsk Motor Plant (MMZ) - an 80-horsepower D-240 diesel engine. Later, D-243 engines began to be installed on the MTZ-80/82, which still remain the main power unit of Minsk tractors.

Today, MMZ offers a whole family of D-243 engines, which differ from the basic model in terms of equipment, units used and, as a result, have different technical and performance characteristics. One of the latest modifications was the D-243-654, which needs to be discussed in more detail.

The D-243-654 engine was created on the basis of the D-243-91 modification, both modifications are similar in basic characteristics (the only difference is in the brand of the fuel pump). This is an in-line four-cylinder engine of a classic design (vertical cylinder arrangement, overhead camshaft arrangement, etc.), it develops 81 hp. and torque up to 258 Nm. The motor is compliant environmental class"Euro-2".

The motor resource of the engine declared by the manufacturer before overhaul is 10,000 hours.

Complete set of the D-243-654 engine and its differences from the base model

Diesel engine D-243-654 has a number of distinctive features:

Without turbocharger;
. It is completed with high-pressure fuel pump Motorpal (Czech Republic).

Most diesel engines of the D-243 line use a high-pressure fuel pump of the 4UTNI series manufactured by NZTA (Noginsk Fuel Equipment Plant), however, the D-243-654 modification uses a more advanced Motorpal pump (Czech Republic), assembled at the RAAZ plant (Roslavl Automotive Plant AMO ZIL, Roslavl , Smolensk region). For installing a new pump basic modification the power unit has undergone a number of changes - modernization of the high-pressure fuel pump drive, fuel system etc. Otherwise, the D-243-654 diesel engine is similar to the D-243-91 model.

The engine is delivered in maximum configuration, which contains:

High pressure fuel pump Motorpal;
. Power steering pump 10Zh-3-04L (gear);
. Electric starter 24.3708 (BATE) for 12 V, it is also possible to install a starter ST142N (BATE) for 24 V;
. Generator G964.3701-1 or G964.3701-1-2 (Radiovolna, Grodno) for 14 V, it is also possible to install a generator G994.3701-1 for 28 V;
. Pneumatic compressor A29.05.000-B3A or A29.05.000-B (BZA, Borisov Plant of Units);
. Clutch 240-1005009.

This configuration minimizes the cost of installing a new engine - when installing the D-243-654 unit on a tractor or other equipment, radiators (liquid cooling and oil cooling systems) and the necessary electrical equipment must be installed. Usually, all this is already on a tractor or other equipment, so replacing the engine does not require the purchase of expensive components.

Applicability of diesel engine D-243-654

This motor is characterized by unpretentiousness in operation and maintenance, while it is quite versatile, therefore, they are widely used. To date, the motor is installed on several types of various equipment:

Tractors MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 (and new modifications Belarus-80/82);
. Tractors TTZ-80.10 (similar to MTZ-80 from Tashkent tractor plant);
. Excavator EO-3323A (CJSC Tverskoy excavator, TVEKS);
. Loader TO-18B JSC (JSC Amkodor, Minsk);
. Diesel power plants AD-12, AD-16, AD-20 and AD-30.

That is, this modification finds the same application as the base and other modifications of the D-243 engine.

Features of the design of the motor D-243-654

The D-243-654 engine has a classic design for tractor diesels. It is based on a cast-iron cylinder block, it is closed from above by a cast-iron cylinder head, which carries the parts of the gas distribution mechanism (except for the camshaft), and from below - by an oil pan. The gas distribution mechanism of the motor is of a lower structure (the shaft is installed next to the crankshaft).

About some design features need to be told in more detail.

Cylinder block. Solid cast, cast iron, equipped with four removable sleeves, also cast iron special brands. The block has three transverse stiffeners, on which lugs are made, there are also lugs on the end walls of the block - they form five crankshaft bearings. Each support has a cover fitted only under it, in which the liner and the crankshaft main journal are attached.

Slightly higher and to the right (if you look at the engine block from the fan side) of the crankshaft there are three supports for mounting the timing shaft. Also in the block are drilled eight vertical channels for the rocker bars.

In the block (inside the walls) there are cavities for coolant, oil channels are drilled in certain places. On the outer surface of the block there are smooth polished mating surfaces for mounting the cylinder head, sump, power steering pump, pump, all filters and oil filler neck.

Cylinder head. The cylinder head is also cast iron, solid cast, it has eight channels (two for each cylinder), which are closed by vertically mounted valves. On the left side of the head (if you look at the engine from the fan side), an exhaust manifold is installed, on the other - four fuel injectors. A cover is installed on top of the cylinder head, to which the intake manifold is connected, a cap is also provided on the cover, which makes it easy to get to the valve mechanism without removing the entire cover.

Crankshaft. It is made of steel, has five main and four connecting rod journals. To balance the crankshaft, counterweights are provided on its four cheeks (two extreme and two central), they are made separately from the crankshaft. Oil channels are made inside the shaft, and in the cavities provided in the connecting rod journals, the oil is additionally cleaned from foreign impurities under the action of centrifugal forces. The crankshaft is equipped with two gears different sizes, pulley and cast iron flywheel.

Piston group. The pistons have a traditional design, they are cast from a light aluminum alloy, have a bottom with a simple geometry in which the combustion chamber is made (therefore, the bottom surface of the cylinder head is flat). Three compression rings and one oil scraper ring are installed on each piston, all rings are cast iron, oil scraper ring additionally has a spiral expander made of steel. The piston is mounted on a steel connecting rod using a steel (chromium-nickel steel) hollow pin, the pin is lubricated through a channel in the connecting rod.

Gas distribution mechanism- with a lower camshaft. The camshaft drive is from a separate small diameter gear mounted on the crankshaft. The shaft is held in the block with three bushings. The connection of the shaft with the rocker arms is by means of rods supported by pushers. All valves are made of heat-resistant steel, valve clamping is provided by two springs. Valves are mounted in the cylinder head through sealing cuffs.

The fuel system is standard, includes a tank, high pressure fuel pump with a booster pump, coarse and fine filters, nozzles and metal fuel lines.

injection pump. As already mentioned, the motor uses a Motorpal injection pump model PP4M10P1f-3478. The direct-acting pump has a classic plunger design, there are four pump sections in the pump - one for each cylinder. This pump is an analogue of the 4UTNI series pump, it also has an all-mode pressure regulator and a booster pump. The pump drive is from the crankshaft gear, the pump is mounted directly on the engine, the pump has a common lubrication system with the engine.

fuel injectors. The engine is equipped with injectors standard for the D-243 line manufactured by AZPI (Altai Precision Products Plant) model 171.1112010-02. The nozzles are mechanical, have a closed-type five-hole atomizer, fuel is supplied from the high-pressure fuel pump using metal tubes.

Fuel filters. FGOT (coarse filter) - standard design, with a mesh, a diffuser and a glass with a dampener. A stopper is provided in the bottom of the glass, with the help of which the sludge is removed. FTOT (fine filter) - based on a replaceable paper filter element, equipped with drain plug. Also in the FTOT there is a tube for venting air.

intake tract contains an air cleaner that passes into the intake manifold, which, in turn, is connected to the cylinder head cover. Air cleaner standard for MMZ engines, it contains "dry" and "wet" steps, in the first separation of contaminants from the air occurs under the action of centrifugal forces, in the second - with the help of three filter elements irrigated with oil from nylon bristles. An electric torch air heater is installed in the drain manifold, which facilitates starting the engine at low temperatures.

Exhaust system. The exhaust gas outlet is extremely simple, it contains an exhaust manifold and a simple muffler, vertically mounted directly on the engine.

Cooling system the motor is liquid, built according to a standard two-circuit scheme. It consists of a water jacket in the block and in the cylinder head, a pump, a radiator, a fan installed in front of the radiator and a thermostat separating the circuits. The system also includes a temperature sensor installed in the cylinder head. Pump and fan drive - using a V-belt drive from the crankshaft pulley, this belt also rotates the generator.

Lubrication system- standard, built on the basis of a gear oil pump. Some of the parts are lubricated with oil under pressure (crankshaft liners and camshaft bushings, timing components in the head, injection pump drive, etc.), some (pistons and sleeves, timing parts in the block, etc.) are irrigated with oil from the holes provided for this. The oil is cooled by a radiator, which only comes into operation when the temperature reaches 50°C or more. The lubrication systems of individual components (high-pressure fuel pump, compressor and others) are combined with the engine lubrication system.

Starting system and electrical system. Starting the engine is provided by an electric starter (standard - 12 V, but installation of a 24-volt one is also possible). A 14 (optionally 28) volt generator is designed to power the electrical system. Generator - synchronous, alternating current, three-phase, with built-in rectifier and voltage regulator, generator drive - using V-belt transmission.

Pneumatic compressor. The engine uses a simple single-cylinder compressor with air-cooled, the compressor drive is gear, from the injection pump drive gear.

In general, the design of the engine is simple, it does not contain expensive materials and components, which ensures its reliability, durability and low cost. Also, the motor is easy to operate, maintain and repair.

Features of engine operation

The operation of the D-243-654 engine is typical of the operation of other tractor diesel engines, so here we note only some of the features:

Before each start of the engine, it is necessary to bleed the fuel system with a hand pump;
. Before starting the engine in the cold season, turn on the electric torch heater, start it after 30-40 seconds;
. When operating in winter, an electric torch heater is always used, and at temperatures below -20°C it should be used preheater;
. It is possible to give a load to the engine only after warming up to 50 ° C, when warming up, the speed should be gradually increased;
. It is not recommended to leave the engine running for Idling for more than 15 minutes;
. It is not recommended to operate the engine with longitudinal or transverse rolls of more than 20 ° (this can lead to "oil starvation" with all the ensuing consequences);
. The engine is stopped by cutting off the fuel supply to the injection pump;
. After stopping the engine, it is imperative to turn off the "mass".

A new engine must be run-in, with a brief run-in at idle (5 minutes in total) followed by a 30-hour run-in under increasing load. Avoid overloading the engine during break-in and during subsequent operation. In the future, the engine is serviced according to the established regulations.

Issues of maintenance of diesel D-243-654

Maintenance of the D-243-654 engine is carried out with the following frequency (in engine hours):

Every shift maintenance (ETO) - every 8-10 hours of operation;
. First MOT (TO-1) - every 125 hours of operation;
. Second MOT (TO-2) - every 500 hours of operation;
. Third MOT (TO-3) - every 1000 hours of operation;
. Seasonal maintenance - at TO-1, TO-2 or TO-3, which falls during the preparation of the engine for the transition to summer or winter operation.

Before starting each shift, check the oil and coolant levels and top up if necessary. It is also necessary to check the reliability of the fasteners, the absence of visible damage and the general condition of the engine.

At TO-1, to check the oil and antifreeze, check the oil in the air cleaner pan, drain the sludge from the coarse fuel filter and check the degree of tension (and, if necessary, adjust) the fan drive belt, generator and pump.

With TO-2, the scope of work is more serious. To the above actions, an oil change and cleaning of the centrifugal oil filter, draining the sludge from the fine fuel filter and checking various connections for leaks are added. Also, with TO-2, it is necessary to measure and, if necessary, adjust the gap between the valves and rocker arms.

During TO-3, a complete check of the systems and assemblies of the motor is carried out, the FTOT filter element is replaced, the filter elements of the air cleaner are washed, the breather is washed, individual parts are replaced, technical fluids and grease, etc. Also, during TO-3, the fuel injection advance angle is checked and adjusted, the cylinder head bolts are tightened, etc. A complete list of works is prescribed in the engine operating instructions.

During seasonal maintenance, additional filling is carried out corresponding to the upcoming season engine oil(summer or winter) and setting the screw for seasonal adjustment of the generator voltage to the appropriate position (in the fall - to the "Z" position, in the spring - to the "L" position).

The manufacturer prohibits the further operation of the engine without carrying out a routine Maintenance.

You also need to say a few words about the repair of KShM. There is one feature here - engine parts are produced in several size groups, which must be taken into account when buying and repairing. So, sleeves and pistons are produced in three groups - “B”, “C” and “M”, sleeves and pistons can only be installed from one group. The marking of the size group is indicated on the piston crown and on the lead-in cone of the liner.

Crankshafts and liners (main and connecting rod) are produced in two nominal sizes - 1H and 2H (the first rating and the second rating). Accordingly, these parts also need to be selected in size. Crankshafts of group 1H do not have a special marking, crankshafts of group 2H have a special marking on the first cheek: "2КШ" - all necks are made at face value; "2K" - only the main journals are made according to the second denomination (connecting rods - according to the first); "2Sh" - only crankpins are made according to the second denomination (main ones - according to the first).

With proper operation and subject to maintenance recommendations, the D-243-654 engine will work without any problems installed resource in 10 thousand motor hours, providing the declared characteristics.