Today we will talk about 4th generation HBO, design features, principle of operation, advantages over earlier generations of HBO, installation procedure for carburetor and cars, which is better to use propane or butane. So let's go.

Re-equipping a car to use gas as the main fuel is becoming increasingly important in the face of ever-rising gasoline prices.

This equipment allows you to operate on cheaper fuel, without much intervention in the design of the car.

With the improvement in the design of the car, as well as with the tightening of toxicity standards introduced in Europe, which are referred to as Euro, gas equipment has also been modernized.

If the HBO of the 1st generation was very simple in design, without the use of electronics, then gas equipment 4 generations is already a complex electronic-mechanical device, although the essence of their work is the same - the supply of gas to the engine cylinders under certain conditions.

But in the first generation, gas was supplied due to the rarefaction created in the engine cylinders, and we are talking about the exact dosage of fuel in different operating modes. power plant didn't go there.

HBO 4 generations, design

An attempt to make an accurate dosage of gas was made only during the creation.

But the approach to solving the exact gas supply was not entirely successful, since the equipment of this generation was installed in parallel with the standard fuel system, and this led to a weak implementation of gas supply control.

The electronic unit, which was equipped with a mixer-dispenser, was late in reading signals from the lambda control, as a result, the reaction mode of the power plant was also late.

This flaw was eliminated with the advent of HBO 4 generations. The design of this equipment is no longer parallel to the standard system, but is directly connected to it.

With the advent of HBO of the 4th generation, the step-by-step dispenser-distributor, which was installed on the HBO of the early generation, was abandoned.

The dosage of gas supply for equipment of the 4th generation is already carried out by electromagnetic nozzles, which ensures high accuracy in supplying the amount of gas to the cylinders.

The design of equipment of the 4th generation is as follows.

There is a piece of equipment that is standard for all generations of HBO: a cylinder with a multivalve, high pressure lines, a gas valve, a reducer and low pressure pipelines.

In addition, the design includes a ramp with electromagnetic nozzles installed in it and an electronic control unit that controls them.

Also, for the accuracy of determining some parameters that affect the gas supply, the equipment is equipped with temperature and gas pressure sensors.

The 4th generation gas installation works according to this principle.

The electronic control unit is connected to the wiring between the control unit of the standard fuel system and the petrol injectors.

The signal from the block to the injectors is read by the gas system control unit and based on this signal, the amount of gas required to be supplied to the cylinder at the moment is calculated.

The signal is then transmitted to the gas train. The gas in it is constantly under a certain pressure, which he received from the gas reducer.

The signal received on the ramp opens the valve with an electromagnetic nozzle, and the gas enters the intake manifold.

This signal will also close the injector valve, which ensures high fuel delivery accuracy.

As a result, it turns out that the control fuel system produced by a standard electronic control unit based on lambda control sensors.

The gas equipment control unit only converts the signal of the standard unit to the requirements that are necessary for the normal operation of the power plant on gas.

This is the peculiarity of the work of HBO 4 generations.

What is better to use methane or propane?

A 4th generation gas installation can consume both methane and propane-butane as fuel. Due to the type of HBO gas used, 4 generations differ in design from each other.

Since methane is contained in cylinders under high pressure, the cylinders must be appropriate.

At the outlet from the cylinder, a filter is included in the design to trap mechanical impurities in the gas.

Gas lines must be able to withstand high pressure. The gas reducer of a car running on this gas has two sections, passing through which the gas pressure is reduced to the desired one. The rest of the design does not change.

The disadvantage of using this type of gas is the large weight of the cylinders, which is not always acceptable for passenger cars.

In addition, there are significantly fewer methane filling stations. But this gas is cheaper, so its use is more relevant in commercial vehicles.

On installations designed for the use of propane-butane, since this gas is in a liquefied state, the cylinder is much smaller in size and weight.

The reducer for this gas has only one section. Purification of gas from impurities is carried out by a filter included in the design after the reducer.

Installation of equipment for injection and carburetor cars

Connecting all elements of HBO 4 generations, except for wiring, is relatively simple. A cylinder is installed at a given place, lines are laid from it to the gas valve.

Pipelines run from the gas valve to the reducer. And from the gearbox comes the pipeline going to the gas train. Pipes run from the gas train to the intake manifold.

Then connection is made electronic block control to the wiring of the standard power system.

carbureted cars.

It is possible to install 4th generation HBO on carburetor cars, but it is technologically difficult to do so.

And if you can install all the elements, from the cylinder to the gas train, then the problem arises in the management of this equipment.

Since the carburetor engine does not have a standard fuel system control unit, there is nowhere to take a signal to control gas injectors.

Some craftsmen, in order for the equipment of this generation to work on a car with a carburetor, begin by installing sensors that are needed to take the required indicators - gas and coolant temperature, pressure,.

Then they make home-made control units, from which the signal is used for the HBO control unit.

In fact, they create an imitation of work on a carburetor engine. injection system nutrition. But it's all very difficult to implement.

Therefore, the installation of this equipment on a carburetor car for an amateur himself is an almost insoluble task, since many problems that arise in the process of connecting the equipment will have to be solved.

The second generation system is mainly installed in cars with carburetor or injection and mono injection engines equipped with a lambda probe.
Improvements Dynamics indicators are improved and fuel is rationally spent. It differs from the first generation - a gearbox. In it, the vacuum shut-off valve was replaced with an electromagnetic one. Accordingly, the fuel type switch has changed. Now you can open the gas supply electronically. Gasoline is switched off by electronics - the valve is no longer needed. The electronic control unit maintains the optimal composition of the gas-air mixture in all engine operating modes. Scheme The second generation system has the following design:


1. Balloon
2. Multivalve + Ventilation unit
3. High pressure hoses and pipes(gas line)
4. Refueling device
5. Gas valve with filter(electromagnetic)
6. Reducer(gas evaporator)
7. Gas dispenser
8. Mixer(mixer)
9. Petrol valve(electromagnetic) or Injector emulator
(gas-gasoline) The diagram also shows a gasoline valve, however, in most cases on injection engines, its installation is practically impossible.
It is much easier and more correct to turn off gasoline with the help of an injector emulator. Wiring diagram The scheme for connecting gas-balloon equipment on injection cars is different from each other. This is due to certain types of engines and the type of equipment.


The main electrical unit in the circuit is the gas-gasoline switch and it is installed without fail, regardless of the type of engine. 1. Balloon Made of 3-4 mm thick steel, to ensure safety even in case of accidents. Currently, cylinders of various sizes are produced, corresponding to the volume of the engine. Cylindrical cylinder- the most common form in first-generation HBO installations.


Toroidal balloon- Designed to be mounted in the spare wheel storage area. This form allows you to conveniently place the cylinder in the car while maintaining a useful place in it, for example, in a station wagon.





There is a variation in the cost of balloons, it is best to install toroidal options. 2. Multivalve and Ventilation unit Together with the cylinder, a multivalve is installed. It prohibits the filling of the cylinder over 80%. Cylinders must not be 100% filled. Free space is required in the tank to ensure safety. Even if the cylinder is heated up to +70 C, which is impossible even in case of severe operation of the machine, the liquid will fill the residual volume.




The cost of a multivalve is within 2000 rubles. There are options for 1500 rubles. The multivalve also performs other functions:

Filling while refueling

Gas level detection

Gas supply

Shutting off the gas supply

Refueling volume limitation. (up to 80%) The multivalve is installed in — Ventilation block. It avoids the possible accumulation of gas as a result of any unforeseen circumstances.
Removable cover provides easy access to the multivalve.


On average, a ventilation chamber will cost 300 rubles. 3. Hoses and pipes It is made of copper and can withstand a pressure of 45 bar, from 6 to 8 mm in diameter. The cylinder is connected to the multivalve and the reducer through this pipeline.


The pipeline must be fixed to the bottom of the vehicle, away from exhaust pipe and vehicle suspension. At the attachment point there should be elastic pads to dampen vibration.

A pipeline with a diameter of 8 mm is supplied to the filling line. For all other ligaments - 6 mm. The rubber hose is used to install an antifreeze connection from the point of insertion into the line to the gearbox and to establish a connection between the gearbox and injectors.

All prices are for 1 meter. 4. Remote filling device The remote filling device is designed for safe connection of the filling hose when filling the cylinder with gas.



It is installed in the gas filling hatch of the car in cases where it is possible by the features of the car.

5. Gas valve with filter This valve automatically shuts off the gas supply from the cylinder to the engine. The gas valve is closed when no voltage (12v) is applied to it. When the electrical circuit is closed, the valve opens and opens the gas supply.

Arrows are applied on the surface of the valve, which indicate the direction of gas flow - that is, from the cylinder to the engine. Average valve cost


The valve is fixed in a vertical position, usually on the wall of the engine compartment. The valve also has - Filter(to clean the incoming gas). Filters are added different sizes and shapes, it all depends on the type of valve used.


The cost of the filter also depends on its type and is 100-150 rubles. 6. Reducer Provides heat exchange for gas evaporation and pressure reduction required for supply to the engine.

Gearboxes are available in different versions:

PNEUMATIC for vehicles with carburetors;

ELECTRONIC for injection;

TURBO for turbocharged vehicles.


The cost is not much different and is in the redistribution of 3000 rubles.

7. Gas dispenser After the mixer, there is a dispenser that regulates the amount of gas supplied to the engine. The dispenser has an inlet for gas, an outlet, an adjusting screw and a hole for a vacuum tube.

You can adjust the feed with the adjusting screw. A dispenser with two adjusting screws is needed to supply gas to the chambers in a 2-chamber carburetor.


The thing is simple, costs around 100 rubles. 8. Mixer Supplies the engine with the required amount of gas and air. This happens in various ways through the carburetor diffuser, or by creating a diffuser in the design of the mixer itself. For every type vehicle there is a specific mixer model.

Mixers can also be divided into several groups:
1. Mixers mounted on top of the carburetor;
2. Faucets - spacers that are installed in the middle of the carburetor.
3. Fittings, the so-called tie-ins inserted into the carburetor by drilling.
4. Fork-shaped system consisting of tubes that are inserted into the carburetor without drilling.
5. Mixers for injection systems of various modifications.

9. Petrol valve Blocks the supply of gasoline when the car is running on gas. The valve is closed when no electricity is applied to it and opens when it is turned on.

It is installed in the engine compartment only on carbureted machines between the fuel pump and the carburetor. There are arrows on the valve body that indicate the direction of the flow of gasoline. The valve must be mounted vertically, away from dangerous parts of the engine.


The cost of the valve is within 1000 rubles. In most cases, on injection engines, installing a gasoline valve is almost impossible. It is easier and more correct to turn off gasoline with the help of an injector emulator. Injector emulator When installing HBO, the supply of gasoline is interrupted by turning off the nozzles. The regular ECU initiates the injector shutdown as an open injector, turns on the malfunction lamp ( check engine) and translates the work of the engine into emergency mode(the latter rarely occurs). The injector operation emulator serves to ensure that the ECU does not see an open injector.

Let's take a look at his diagram.

When working on gasoline, the circuit is closed, and when working on gas, the circuit opens and starts through the load resistors, thereby not showing the ECU a wire break. The emulator is selected according to the number of engine injectors, usually 2, 4, 6 injector models. The cost of such an emulator is within 1500 rubles. 10. Fuel switch Gas/petrol switch - a device designed to switch the vehicle operation mode from one type of fuel to another at the moment when a certain number of revolutions of the car engine is reached.

All switches are divided into three main groups. 1. For injection engines. This type of switch has three positions: petrol, gas and automatic mode.
2. For carburetor engines with the installation of an electronic gearbox. In these switches, the "GAS" position is equipped with automatic power off from the shutoff valves.
3. For carburetor engines with a vacuum reducer. And on this gas-gasoline switch, two toggle switches are installed. One for switching the type of fuel, the second for pumping gas before starting the engine. The cost of switches usually does not exceed 1000 rubles.


All switches are supplied with a connection diagram and a mounting kit. Installation HBO 2nd generation is usually put on carbureted cars. Very often, the price of equipment is a decisive parameter.
If the car is not a premium segment, then there is no point in putting expensive equipment on it. The cost of all gas equipment with its installation starts from 15,000 rubles. You can also purchase all the equipment in the form of a mini-kit, for self-installation.
The average price is 6000 rubles.


This kit usually consists of:

Lovato electronic gearbox

gas valve

gasoline valve

multivalve Lovato

ventilation chamber

fuel switch
An experienced master can always answer your question: is the 2nd generation HBO suitable for your injection car or not. The installation of HBO of the 2nd generation on modern injection cars was carried out mainly when the 4th generation systems had not yet been invented. Gas equipment of the second generation fully meets environmental requirements Euro 1. Systems approach Euro-2 standards only in some cases. It served main reason that 3rd and 4th generation systems have appeared on the market. AdditionallyHow else to find what you need

By car significantly reduces the cost of gasoline. However, is propane or methane suitable as a fuel for all engines? Will it shorten the life of the engine? Experts assure that properly selected and configured equipment will not harm the motor, and will really help the owner to save money.

How much will HBO cost?

The cost of gas-balloon equipment on a car depends on the kit. It includes:

• electronic control unit;
• reducer;
• balloon;
• filling device;
• multivalve;
• filter;
• nozzles;
• highways;
• switch button.

For each engine, a set is selected either from one manufacturer, or a prefabricated one. For example: the ECU is from Stag, and the gearbox, cylinder and injector are from Lovato.

The price of HBO is affected not only by its layout, but also by the type of cylinder. It can be cylindrical - installed in the trunk, or toroidal - for mounting in a niche instead of a spare wheel. The latter is more expensive.

The more powerful and harder engine, the more expensive HBO will cost. Equipment price - from 11 thousand rubles.

How to choose the right equipment for your car?

It will be difficult for a car owner who has not previously encountered gas equipment to decide on his choice. To avoid problems with the engine in the future, it is worth entrusting the selection, installation and configuration of HBO to trusted specialists. According to the characteristics of the internal combustion engine, they will select the necessary equipment and advise on operation issues.

It is worth considering that Gas engine not designed to work with gas. Therefore, auto manufacturers, installing factory gas equipment, also make changes to the internal combustion engine, adjusting it to work on gas.

Pros and cons of installing HBO

Given the feedback from drivers, it is possible to formulate the advantages and disadvantages of gas-balloon equipment on a car.

Positive sides:

1. Significant fuel savings. No matter how fuel prices rise, gas always remains cheaper than both gasoline and diesel. The price of HBO pays off a year after its installation.
2. Small loads on the engine. The gas has a higher octane number, respectively, it burns longer, reducing the load on the internal combustion engine. The "gas + air" mixture is more uniform, does not dry the cylinders, does not affect the consistency of the oil, which increases the life of the motor.
3. Minimal damage to the environment. The exhaust gas contains two-thirds less harmful substances than the exhaust from gasoline or diesel.
4. The increase in mileage from gas station to gas station. The car runs on two types of fuel, respectively, when gas runs out, you can drive on gasoline.
5. Security. Rumors that a HBO cylinder could explode from temperature extremes or impact were denied by the ADAC German car owners protection club. Under his control, crash tests of cylinders were carried out under fire and accident conditions. The results were satisfactory.

Few cons:

1. Not every gas station has a gas station. Repair of HBO is carried out only at specialized service stations.
2. Slight reduction in speed, a drop in engine power by 15%.
3. Influence of high and low temperatures. If the car is heated by the sun, the pressure of the gas in the cylinder increases. To lower it, you need to develop a few liters. In cold weather, the gas liquefies and refuses to enter the system. So in winter you can start the engine only on gasoline.
4. Increasing the weight of the car. The whole structure of the gas equipment adds 60 kg to the weight of the machine. A cylinder installed in the trunk takes an average of 40 liters of space.
5. Gas leak. The probability of this is small, but present, in case of improper operation and untimely maintenance.

HBO installation 4 generations

At a specialized station, the car owner will be offered a whole range of turnkey services: from the selection of HBO to installation and full configuration. Guaranteed and advised. The issue price varies from 30,000 to 70,000 rubles.

Experts in experience know where it is better to place the gearbox, how to connect the antifreeze line and carefully lay the gas supply and refueling pipes.

You can install and configure HBO 4 generations with your own hands.

Where to carry out work?

Gas equipment is installed on a flyover or in a box with a pit. It is necessary to have a set of tools, protective gloves and good lighting.

Choosing a location for mounting the gearbox

Required installation conditions:

• the place of installation of the reducer must be easily accessible for its removal and replacement of filters;
• you need to mount the gearbox on the frame of the machine, and not on the engine, in order to avoid vibrations;
• Connected hoses and tubes must not be twisted or kinked.

After evaluating the length of the hoses and accessibility, you can attach the reducer.

Features of connecting hoses for antifreeze:

• they are connected strictly in parallel to the system;
• it is important to determine where the "entrance" and "exit" of antifreeze are located in the stove;
• hoses are connected (cut) to the shut-off valve using a tee.

Equipment for a place for a cylinder

If a toroidal (reserve) cylinder is chosen, it is important to place it so that the gas supply and filling pipes are located correctly: they should not come into contact with a hot muffler or vibrating body parts.

The HBO cylinder is fixed rigidly, the multivalve is located in its upper part.

Laying the main pipe

The main pipe is necessary in order for the gas to enter the reducer from the cylinder. Installation should begin from the gearbox, along the bottom of the car (preferably along the gasoline wire) and then connect to the multivalve.

Installation of nozzles

First, it is necessary to insert the fittings as close as possible to the gasoline injector, after which the gas injectors are installed. Then the gas lines are connected. They must be the same length, but not more than 18 cm.

Placement of the control unit and sensors

All electronics are installed under the hood. For proper connection, complete with HBO there is an instruction that describes all the wires and contacts.

After the installation is complete, start the car. The first three times we turn the key in the ignition lock without starting the engine. This is necessary in order for the fuel pump to create the necessary pressure in the rail. After that, the car can be started. If everything is done correctly, then the next step will be setting up the 4th generation HBO with your own hands.

What to set up?

To adjust the parameters of freshly installed gas equipment, you will need a laptop, a 4th generation HBO setup program and a special cable.

There are many programs such as Zenit JZ, KME NEVO or STAG. They are similar in appearance (interface), any can be downloaded from the official website and installed. Consider a program for setting up HBO 4th generation STAG.

Its interface is quite functional. The instructions for setting up HBO 4th generation are simple and straightforward. The meaning of each parameter is explained in additional footnotes that pop up when you hover over the cursor.

The values ​​set at the HBO manufacturer are immediately displayed. If the gas equipment is not new, then the information from the controller will be displayed in the program. It will indicate how often the gas was used, how many times diagnostics and adjustments were carried out.

If there is a new controller firmware, the program will immediately offer to install it.

A cable for setting up a 4th generation HBO can be bought, or you can make it yourself based on the PL2303 board.

Settings

The main window of the program contains the main indicators by which the ECU works:

• conditions under which there will be a switch from gasoline to gas or vice versa (temperature, engine speed, pressure);
• gas fraction (gas pressure after the reducer);
• vacuum in the collector;
• period of injection of gas and petrol injectors.

The "map" tab displays the operation schedule of petrol (blue curve), gas injectors (green curve) and the conversion factor petrol injection to gas (orange line).

On gas equipment that has not been adjusted in time, the control unit will completely imitate the operation of gasoline injectors, which will give an error on on-board computer. The reason is that the mixture formation of gasoline and gas injectors will be the same, but the fuel will be different in terms of octane number: what is good for gasoline is incorrect for gas.

Calibration

On the idling The ECU measures and stores the parameters of the petrol injectors. Then the operation of one gasoline injector is replaced by the operation of a gas one. Gradually turn on all gas nozzles.

By alternately increasing and decreasing the injection time of gas injectors, it is necessary to bring the exhaust figure to the norm (conversion factor). To obtain the value of the gas injection time, this coefficient is multiplied by the petrol injection time.

After calibration, the machine automatically switches to petrol. You need to drive it to check the settings.

Graph adjustments

After self-configuring the 4th generation HBO, it is better not to remove the gasoline card. The car after the check will go on gas. If the map is deleted, then you will have to temporarily ride on gasoline, changing the engine load and speed, until the system creates a new map.

If the operation schedules of petrol and gas injectors diverge, then it is necessary to set up the 4th generation LPG map. To do this, we fix the points of divergence and maximum convergence of the green and blue lines on the orange line - the settings at these points are considered optimal and should not be changed. Then on the orange line we mark the point of maximum divergence of the lines of gas and gasoline and lower it to the distance of the divergence of the lines down.

We drive a car in different modes and see if the graphs matched. If not, then repeat the map settings until the graphs match.

Fuel injection control

Injection adjustment is the second most important phase in setting up the 4th generation HBO with your own hands.

First, let's warm up the car operating temperature reducer. We switch to gasoline and for five minutes we observe the performance of the injection of gasoline injectors. We turn on the gas again, but we continue to monitor the gasoline indicators. If the number has increased, it means lean mixture, if decreased - enriched.

You can change this state by adjusting the orange line of the graph: if - raise the line by two clicks, if the mixture is too rich - lower it.

Setting up gas-balloon equipment on a car is completed. If the HBO system works without interruption: switching between nozzles occurs on time and smoothly, the engine does not troit, has good dynamics- this means that the settings were carried out correctly. After some time of operation, you can re-diagnose.

Setting up a gas reducer HBO

The gearbox is necessary element in the design of gas equipment. With its help, the pressure of the gas entering the cylinder is regulated. When stable, the reducer keeps the pressure at the same level, although with a sharp increase in flow, the pressure may decrease, but only slightly.

Adjustment of the HBO reducer is necessary when installing new equipment. And after 100,000 km it is worth re-diagnosing it and correcting it.

The correct operation of HBO depends not only on the quality of its electronic settings. After a certain period of operation (3 or 4 years), valves and membranes may wear out, which will lead to excessive gas consumption.

You can delay this proper operation HBO (reducer in particular): the start of the engine must take place on the native fuel of the car (gasoline or diesel). Only after the engine temperature reaches at least 30 ° C, you can switch to gas. At low temperatures the diaphragm of the reducer may freeze. That is why the gearbox is connected to the antifreeze lines.

The 4th generation HBO gearbox is not quite easy to set up with your own hands. There are two ways to adjust: sensitivity adjustment and adjustment of the amount of gas in the channel idle move.

Before starting the tuning, you need to let the engine warm up, and then turn off the gas supply, allowing the engine to process the remaining fuel in it.

Idle adjustment:

1. We set the power register to maximum.
2. We completely wrap the idle screw, and then unscrew it five turns.
3. Set the sensitivity control to the middle position.
4. We start the car on gas and increase the speed by suction to 2000.
5. At the same time, we remove the suction (very slowly) and use the idle speed controller to look for the moment when the starter reaches maximum speed.
6. We remove the suction completely. You should get a stable idle.
7. Slowly turn the sensitivity knob.
8. We raise the floating speed to the maximum with the idle speed controller.
9. The regulator did not help - we tighten the sensitivity screw a couple of turns and repeat everything again.
10. We achieve 1200 rpm at idle, and then smoothly reduce them to 950 with the idle speed controller.

Reducer sensitivity setting:

1. Very slowly turn off the sensitivity control until the idle value changes.
2. As soon as the number of revolutions has changed, we twist the regulator back quite a bit.
3. We check the setting: sharply press the accelerator pedal. The engine should immediately react - without jerks and delays.

Power Register Adjustment:

1. We bring the starter speed to 3500 by turning the power regulator.
2. As soon as the speed begins to fall, we stop the procedure.

Checking the quality of the setting:

1. Press the accelerator pedal sharply.
2. We twist the sensitivity control by a quarter until the starter speed starts to decrease sharply.
3. Turn off the regulator half a turn and let the engine idle.

If the do-it-yourself HBO setup of the 4th generation is done correctly, the internal combustion engine will work smoothly and stably.

Installation of gas equipment of any generation on a vehicle inevitably raises certain questions for the car owner. One of them is the question of how to connect the HBO button. For all the seeming simplicity of the problem, connecting a device for converting from gas to gasoline causes, as practice shows, perhaps the largest number of disputes. This is common among both installers and the NGV user community.

DIY button installation

Propane and methane as motor fuels have their adherents as well as opponents. Both of them give a lot of arguments confirming the correctness of their point of view. One thing is undeniable - gas kits allow you to spend your car budget more economically when installed on any power unit: gasoline and diesel, carburetor or injector equipped with turbine or compressor boost. On the modern HBO market, a range of gas installation kits that is difficult to describe is presented.

Gas motor fuel for refueling vehicles

Gas engine fuel began to be used for refueling cars at a time when the carburetor was the only unit for supplying the fuel mixture to the engine, and such an innovation as an injector has just begun to be mentioned as an innovative alternative to the traditional way of powering internal combustion engines. Since then, several generations of gas equipment have changed, each of which represents a logical follow-up to the development of fuel supply systems in power units cars.

• HBO of the 1st generation was used on cars whose engines had a carburetor as a power unit. This earliest version was not equipped with any devices and systems of electrical, and even more electronic control. All adjustments and settings were made mechanically: by means of screw jets. Currently, this early generation of HBO has no application.

HBO 1 generation is suitable for everyone

• Installation complexes of equipment of the 2nd generation received an oxidizer in their composition. The inclusion of such a sensor in the equipment initiated communication during the operation of the power plant. The oxidizer is mounted on a carburetor or injector and is equipped with a fairly simple electronic system management. Gas engine fuel is supplied by a dispenser, adjustment parameters and the setting of which is set and carried out through communication with electronic devices designed to monitor the degree of enrichment of the fuel mixture. The model of equipment with an oxidizing sensor works more economically, this significantly reduces the cost of purchasing liquid and gas fuels.

How to install hbo 2 generations

• The third generation of equipment occupies a transitional position between the second and fourth generations. It works on vehicles whose engines are powered by an injector, although some craftsmen managed to equip the carburetor with this circuit. The scheme meets more stringent environmental requirements, but its construction is rather complicated, and it does not work quite reliably.
• Gas complexes of the 4th generation are the most common scheme of the used HBO systems. Installation kits are intended for integration into power plants with separate injection. This model works with the same system that controls the injector. The fuel mixture is supplied to the internal combustion engine by gas injectors, which are regulated, configured and controlled by the computer. Switching to work on gas engine fuel or on a gasoline-air mixture can occur not only with a manual button, but also in automatic mode - depending on the degree of temperature heating and the speed crankshaft engine.

Gas complexes 4 generations

• The fifth generation of gas-cylinder kits works with the power plants of cars with a direct fuel injection system. The main difference between generations 5 and 4 lies in the state of aggregation of gas motor fuel - gas is supplied by nozzles in the liquid phase. The low distribution in Russia is explained low quality gas engine fuel.

Functionality and emergency modification of the HBO button

There are many modifications of gas-gasoline switches for gas-balloon automotive equipment. But regardless of the manufacturer and the layout of the device, they have the same essence: when the 1st position is on, the internal combustion engine runs on gas engine fuel, in the second position gasoline is used as fuel, the third position involves automatic switching to use either gas or gasoline. It is clear that automatic switching occurs when the physical performance of the power plant changes: temperature, crankshaft speed, load.
Automotive practice shows that the HBO switch is one of the most quickly failing components of the installation kit. Moreover, breakdowns, as usual, occur at the most inopportune moment for this.

Many motorists are wondering: what does the button even do? With sound reflection, the conclusion suggests itself - absolutely nothing special. By and large, the gas-gasoline switch from almost any installation package differs from a conventional three-position toggle switch only in the presence of automation, which allows reading the circumferential speed of the crankshaft and the temperature indicators of the power plant. Some modifications suggest the possibility of fixing a critically small supply of gas motor fuel in a gas vessel. Although this function works on 2-3% of cars equipped with a gas installation
In purely practical terms, according to the operators, such automation in most cases is completely redundant and not worth the money for which it is sold. That is why it is quite possible to replace the regular HBO button with a conventional switch with three fixed positions. The price will be an order of magnitude lower, and functionally the switch will be completely similar to the button from the branded package. The only thing to do in this case is to change the connection block.

It is quite possible to replace the HBO button with a conventional switch

In practice, things can happen a little differently. The HBO switch may fail in conditions where replacement is simply not possible, or the owner does not want to redo the block through which the connection is made, or like appearance regular switch and do not want to break the usual design. In such cases, you can effortlessly "restyl" the old button. In this case, nothing is lost: the device works just as efficiently, and its reliability has only increased.

Integration of 2 generations of equipment for gas to engines

The second generation was developed for mounting on power plants, the power supply and dosing unit of which is a carburetor. Although this does not state at all that it is impossible to put it on the injector. Cases in which the 2nd generation complex becomes the best option for a motor with separate injection, of course, it cannot be called a rule, but they have a place to be.
On carburetor-type power plants, gas dosing and injection occur in the same way as the gasoline-air mixture - through a carburetor. On power plants equipped with an injector, gasoline is supplied through a nozzle.

The second generation of gas equipment for engines

It is clear that it is impossible to supply gas motor fuel with the same nozzles. When power plants appeared, equipped with such a novelty as an injector, gas equipment that works on the principle of separate injection did not exist. The choice remained unequivocal: to supply natural gas motor fuel until throttle valve. However, such a change automatically turns the injection engine into an internal combustion engine, for the supply fuel mixtures in which the carburetor is responsible.

Intake manifolds in injection ICEs have an increased volume due to air storage vessels - receivers. During periods when the power plant of the vehicle runs on natural gas fuel, the receivers are filled with an explosive mixture of air with propane or methane. This feature imposes certain second generation installation conditions on the injector. So, it is necessary to provide protection against ignition of the mixture during intake manifold.

Intake manifolds in injection internal combustion engines

To do this, the NGV mixer must be preceded by special valve designed to prevent the explosion of the air-gas mixture. This protects the air flow meter, filter housing and corrugated duct. For this, mixers with a valve structurally built into them are usually used, although there are options with differentiated execution of the nodes.

The control of the supply of gasoline mixture to the internal combustion engine with an integrated injector unit is carried out by the ECU. It is fair to assume that shutting off the supply of liquid fuel when operating on gas engine power is possible with the help of an electronic device. If the standard ECU is not equipped with a self-diagnosis function, then when the gas supply is turned off, a conventional EMR works well. However, the connection of the diagnostic function can activate the emergency operation status, which sometimes leads to a complete blocking of the internal combustion engine. To level the situation, it is necessary to connect an electronic device that emulates the injector. The device creates an illusion for the ECU that the injector is operating in the nominal mode for each situation.

Management of the supply of gasoline mixture to the internal combustion engine

An electronic novelty for the 2nd generation when mounted on an injector, which is not placed on a carburetor, was a device that emulates the operation of a lambda probe. This is an information type sensor that shows the degree of enrichment of the mixture. When the internal combustion engine is powered by gas, the device breaks the electrical circuit connecting the probe to the computer. The control electronics considers that the lambda probe is operating in nominal mode and does not give the driver emergency warnings. The signal coming from the emulator to the controller allows you to change the degree of enrichment of the gas mixture.

Gas-petrol changeover device

The difference between a gas complex mounted on a carburetor and equipment designed for mounting on an injector lies initially in the fact that in power plants with separate injection, the supply of the gasoline mixture is turned off almost instantly. The fuel type switch on direct injection engines is equipped with three fixed positions:
1 position - work on a gasoline mixture;
2 position - work on gas motor fuel;
0 position - work in the mode of automatic switching of fuel type.
Mode in position 0 creates additional convenience when operating and driving a vehicle. When this mode is activated, the electronics, based on the readings of the sensors, decides on the moment of changing the type of fuel supplied to the engine.

Gas-petrol changeover device

The carburetor must be filled with gasoline before a long-term parking of the car, so you should transfer the engine to a gasoline-air mixture ahead of time. This is not necessary for an injection power plant, so manual switching is not required, the automation independently performs the necessary switching.

To control the fuel system of a car with gas equipment, a gas-petrol switch is installed in its cabin. Models of HBO buttons differ depending on the type of engine of the machine.

Fuel switches for gas installations can be divided into 4 types:

1. a key designed only for a carburetor engine. Included in the HBO kit 1-2 generations, has an index - G;
2. toggle switch for injection machine with the 2nd and 3rd generation of gas equipment, marked with the index - W;
3. 2nd generation HBO universal switch for injector and carburetor;
4. switch button gas gasoline 4th generation.

The principle of operation and the differences between the buttons

The 1-2 generation button on the carburetor has two working positions and one neutral.

HBO button 1st generation on the carburetor

• I - the engine starts and runs only on gasoline (gas valve is closed, the red light is on).
• II - the internal combustion engine switches to gas, while the gasoline solenoid valve closes and the green lamp lights up.
• 0 (Neutral) - serves to burn gasoline from float chamber carburetor.

Changing the type of fuel should only take place through the neutral position. If you immediately turn on the gas, two types of fuel will enter the combustion chambers and the engine will most likely stall.

Some specimens have a cylinder, as well as an additional button for pre-start supply of a portion of gas, which is needed to enrich the mixture when starting a warm engine on gas (for example, Lovato, Logo buttons for a vacuum reducer).

In such a key as, for example, Stag 2-G, the pre-launch function is already built in, with the ability to adjust in time.

In the injection version, instead of the middle position, there is an automatic mode (on some types, such as Stag 2-W, it can be extreme). With this position, the engine starts on gasoline, and when a certain engine speed is reached, the gas supply is automatically turned on.

Switch button gas gasoline 2 generations on the injector

The transition speed is adjusted using a potentiometer on the side of the housing. This key can also come with a level indication.

The universal option involves mounting a toggle switch, both on the injector and on the carburetor. The transition between modes is carried out using a jumper / jumper on the case (for example, the SVG switch).

universal switch

The 4th generation HBO button has LED indication and 2 on/off modes. In the on position, the gas turns on automatically after the reducer-evaporator warms up to 35-45˚C. The temperature is programmed in the controller at .

Button signals on the example of Stag:

1. the LED is on/off – the engine runs on gas/petrol;
2. flashes at intervals of 1 sec. – the motor is not warmed up;
3. flashes every 2 seconds - the system is ready to switch to gas;
4. blinks every 4 seconds - the fuel in the cylinder has run out;
5. the buzzer beeps three times - the system switches from gas to gasoline due to lack of fuel;
6. three short beeps 1 long - ECU (control unit) error;
7. two short beeps 1 long beep (when the ignition is off) - maintenance of the gas equipment is required.

Everything else in the fourth version of HBO is available on gas. The mode is activated as follows, hold the button on the ignition off until the LED is constantly on. Then, without releasing the key, we start the engine. Deactivation occurs after the engine stops.

Button types (video):

Selection table (with approximate prices):

Name/marking	injector/carburetor/generation	Level indication, +/-	Price in rubles
REG OMVL Dream XXI King	engineer/4	+	1020
Logo (LOGO) 145	engineer/4	-	280
Logo 101	carb/1.2	-	470
Atiker (К01.003.000.020)	carb/1.2	+	600
Stag 2-G	carb/1.2	-	550
AEB 722	carb/1.2	+	1050
Tamona K-5	carb/1.2	-	520
Lovato	carb/1.2	-	590
Torelli	carb/1.2	+	630
Stag 2-W	engineer/2	-	600
Tamona in-3	engineer/2	-	540
Stag LED-401	engineer/4	+	750
Stag LED-300	engineer/4	+	580

Wiring diagram for the 2nd generation HBO button on the injector

Installing and connecting the HBO button of the 2nd generation with your own hands on a car with an injector is sometimes difficult.

In fact, everything is much simpler than it seems. The factory instructions for mounting the switch indicate the following pinout:

• the white wire should go to the level sensor on (if such a pointer is installed);
• yellow goes to the plus of the gasoline valve (if there is an emulation of gasoline injectors, this wire is not connected);
• blue is connected to the positive terminals of the gas valves and an additional remote with a filter. The injector emulator also crashes into this circuit;
• red goes to the positive terminal of the ignition coil (always with a fuse);
• black - mass;
• brown to the negative terminal of the coil.

Injector scheme

It's hard to disagree with the first three points. But for the rest, we will make recommendations:

• The red wire is best connected to the plus from the ignition switch. Because coils can have power surges. In order not to disassemble the panel, the contact can be found on the fuse block.
• The black wire should only be attached to the car body, like all negative equipment cables.
• Brown, must be wound on the central high voltage wire coils.

It is advisable to make 10-15 turns, without the use of electrical tape. The electrical tape dries out and falls off over time, it is better to make a knot similar to a fishhook tie.

Correct brown wire connection

If the ignition system consists of separate coils, it is necessary to wind the wire around the first two armored wires (for a more accurate signal), while not breaking the brown one, i.e. first to the first, then to the second.

After connecting the button, it must be adjusted. Periodically increasing the engine speed with the accelerator, it is necessary to smoothly turn the potentiometer screw clockwise and back. It is necessary to turn on the gas supply in the “automatic” mode when the tachometer reads 2000-2500 rpm.

Wiring diagram for the 2nd generation HBO button on the carburetor

For a carburetor engine, the connection looks similar:

1. Red - through the fuse to the ignition coil / lock.
2. Light blue (blue) - plus the gas valve.
3. Yellow - plus petrol valve.
4. Black - minus (car body).
5. Brown goes to the armored wire of the ignition coil. It is needed to transmit an impulse to a key that determines whether the motor is running or not.

Carburetor scheme

If you still have questions about connecting or selecting buttons on HBO, ask them in the comments. We will gladly answer them.