A frame car is the unequivocal choice of most motorists. What is attractive frame car? Types of frames, their advantages and disadvantages. Well, if anyone is not familiar with what a frame is on a car and why it is needed, read this article especially carefully. This important characteristic car and you need to know!

What are the types of car frames.

Each car is a set of mechanical components and assemblies attached to the bearing part. For some vehicles, the supporting structure (base) is body, other's - frame or stretcher.

At the dawn of the automotive industry, the frame structure was used on all types of cars. Later, when it turned out that the installation of the frame was not justified due to the large weight and high cost of manufacturing on passenger cars, they began to use a load-bearing body as a base.

On trucks, vehicles with high traffic and today they install a frame structure.

The advantage of the frame is that it provides the best rigidity and strength of the structure for tearing, twisting, stretching compared to other types of load-bearing part. This factor directly affects the carrying capacity of the car, its off-road qualities.

The main types of car frames:

• Spinal;
• Spar frame

These types have their own varieties. For example, fork-spine refers to spinal frames, peripheral - to spar.

Spar frame

The most common frame design today.

Such a frame has two spars arranged longitudinally and several crossbars. Spars are made from a U-shaped profile (channel). The higher the load, the greater the height and thickness of the profile.

Crossbars have different design features. There are X- and K-shaped crossbars, as well as a straight shape. To install the mechanisms and assemblies of the car on the side members and crossbars, various fasteners and brackets are used. Riveted, bolted, welded and other connections are used to fasten parts of the frame.

Peripheral frame

It differs from the usual spar in that the spars were bent during manufacture so that there was the greatest distance between them. This is done so that the bottom of the car is as low as possible. Such frames were made and installed on american cars until the 60s of the XX century.

spinal frame

In the mid-20s of the last century, the Czechoslovak company Tatra developed a spinal frame.

The bearing part is made of a pipe, inside which all the elements of the transmission were located. With the help of this pipe, the engine was connected to the transmission. The power unit, gearbox and final drive, clutch are part of the frame elements. All these elements are rigidly fixed to the frame.

With the help of a cardan shaft located inside the pipe, the engine transmits torque to the transmission units. Only when all wheels are provided with independent suspension, it is possible to install the frame on the car.

Fork-spine frame

It was also invented in the Tatras. The engineers of this company abandoned the rigid attachment of the transmission and engine to the supporting central tube, as was done on the spinal frame. In the new design, special forks appeared on both sides of the carrier tube, on which the engine and transmission are mounted.

Main Benefits frame structure before others:

• high level of comfort (low noise and vibration),
• high load capacity, simple design
• ease of repair and maintenance, low cost of parts.

Flaws:

• volume decreases car interior,
• higher vehicle weight (increased fuel consumption)
• low passive safety (due to the impossibility of programming crumple zones)
• an increase in the overall price due to the cost of the frame.

Currently passenger cars are made with a load-bearing body, and real (not SUV) SUVs are on a frame.

When buying an SUV, you can roughly determine the class of the car by the presence or absence of a frame.

Every year the design of cars changes, according to demand. If earlier almost all so-called SUVs were built on a frame, today many mastodons are losing it. But there is still gunpowder in the flasks and frame SUVs on the market.

In our material, we will talk about endangered frame SUVs that can still be purchased in Ukraine. But first, let's talk about what a frame is and what its role is.

What is a frame

If you do not get into technical details, then a frame body is a body that is attached to the chassis of the car using a frame. That is, a frame machine is considered to be one in which the frame carries the chassis (engine, transmission, transfer case, etc.), and the body is separately attached to this entire structure from above.

There is also such a thing as an integrated frame. In this case, the frame repeats the usual design, but is physically inseparable from the body, that is, it has a non-separable welded connection with it. A body with an integrated frame differs from a conventional carrier in that the integrated frame has full-fledged side members extending from the front bumper to the rear. Compared to a traditional frame structure, such a body absorbs vibrations worse, it is more difficult to restore it after an accident. But passive safety is better - you can form deformation zones. Compared with a load-bearing body, the integrated frame makes it more painful for the chassis to perceive the loads that arise when transporting goods and driving off-road.

Many auto giants are abandoning the traditional frame (sometimes in favor of an integrated one) in order to reduce material costs, although the frame is more profitable when creating new / updated models - it can cling to a body of almost any shape. There are other reasons that are gradually sending the frame into retirement. But first, about the advantages of classic frame cars.

pros

• running frame cars are considered more durable
• ideal for towing and operation in difficult conditions
• frame cars are easier to recover after an accident
• when driving off-road, the loads are evenly distributed on the frame and body
• frame SUVs are easy to tune (wheels of increased radius, "lifting")

Minuses

• frame significantly increases the weight of the car
• an increase in mass means an increase in fuel consumption
• in terms of handling, frame cars lose cars with a monocoque body
• often a low level of passive safety, due to the likelihood of body displacement relative to the frame and the difficulty of determining deformation zones
• the frame reduces the useful volume of the cabin

UAZ

In the segment of the most affordable SUVs, the choice is small. But he is.

The cheapest model with a frame is the UAZ Hunter, which costs from UAH 125,900 to UAH 163,740. Hunter began production in 2003, but we all know that in fact it is a converted version of the car back in 1972. We also recall that the Volga (GAZ-21) formed the basis of the UAZ. Simply put, the modern Hunter is a Russian interpretation of the model of the past - like Mercedes G-class.

The second frame UAZ - Patriot. This is a more modern model, which is an improved version of the UAZ-3160, the body of which was developed at AvtoVAZ in the 1980s. Outwardly, it also looks more modern than Hunter, and in size and clearance is not inferior to the bulky Land cruiser from . In Ukraine, the Patriot is available as a traditional SUV (from UAH 175,000) and as a pickup truck (from UAH 176,200). There are versions with air conditioning, ABS and other benefits of civilization. Motors - petrol and diesel.

Great Wall

The Great Wall brand presented in Ukraine is one of those that offer a wide range of frame SUVs. To date, there are three, including one pickup truck.

Wingle 5. Frame pickup truck from China, which is even cheaper than UAZ. At the moment, at a promotional price, it can be purchased for 122,400 UAH. (in the basic version). True, this is if we are talking about a mono-drive performance. The all-wheel drive version will cost at least UAH 152,000. (for the car of 2011 of release). The same car of 2012 costs UAH 169,000. The car is the result of independent research and development by Great Wall. It is equipped with two engines: gasoline manufactured by Mitsubishi Corp. and diesel using Bosch technologies.

Haval H3. It costs from 147 124 UAH. (at a promotional price - UAH 141,900). Equipped with a 2.0-liter engine (Mitsubishi technology), two airbags, ABS + EBD systems and complies with European safety standards (4 stars E-NCAP).

Haval H5. Price - from 187 900 UAH. HAVAL H5 is equipped with diesel engine, developed by the German company BOSCH together with GREAT WALL MOTORS specialists, uses a fuel injection system common rail. It is completed with modern 6-tbsp. mechanical or 5-st. automatic transmissions. It has a plug-in all-wheel drive.

ssangyong

Like the Great Wall, the Korean brand has a whole army of frame SUVs in its model range (the exception is the Korando crossover). Moreover, even the flagship Rexton in the last incarnation has not lost the frame structure. For the modern automotive industry, an unprecedented rarity. In general, SsangYong is represented in Ukraine today by six "frames".

Kyron. A very popular SUV in Ukraine, which is due to its low cost (at the moment - from 178,000 UAH for a gasoline version in the entry-level configuration).

At one price (UAH 196,900) are diesel Kyron and Actyon in the initial configuration. It should be noted that Kyron is the owner of the title "Leader of Sales - SUV" in the national award "Autorating" in 2010.

Actyon Sports (4-seater pickup) is available in one configuration (with diesel and automatic) - for 212,900 UAH. Its updated version is also available for purchase, but there is no price on the importer's website at the moment. The presentation said that Actyon Sports was created specifically for young, active and practical people who like to be in the spotlight.

Flagship Rexton model available both in a new look (from UAH 245,000) and before restyling (from UAH 224,000). Engines - petrol and diesel.

Nissan

Today, Nissan sells four frame SUVs in Ukraine, including one pickup truck.

The most controversial of these is the latest generation Patrol. There is still controversy over its design. Some consider it a frame, while others argue that there is no frame there at all. In fact, both are right. After all, in fact, this SUV is equipped with an independent suspension of all wheels and a body with an integrated frame. That is, he retained the frame, but now it is integrated into the power structure of the body and has programmed deformation zones in front and behind (remember the passive safety of frame SUVs). A similar design and Mitsubishi Pajero Wagon, so these cars cannot be considered real frame SUVs. More precisely, incorrectly.

NP300. Affordable and highly practical 4-door pickup, only available with a 2.5 liter diesel engine and manual transmission. Starting price - 191 030 UAH. It is unlikely that this car will suit a city dweller, but for those who spend most of their time outside the city, this is a good option. After all, already in the base the car has all-wheel drive.

Navara. Spacious and not the cheapest pickup truck with an increased level of comfort. Also available only with a 2.5 diesel engine. Transmission - mechanical or automatic. Base cost - 248 500 UAH.

Pathfinder. The next generation of this model will already lose the frame, but so far it is still there for the current version. Currently available at a price of 311 330 UAH. Already in the base - diesel and all-wheel drive. There are manual and automatic.

Mitsubishi

L200. This car comes with a 2.5 liter diesel engine, transmission - mechanics or 4-speed automatic. Vehicle drive - plug-in full or full. The basic version at the moment will cost 229,015 UAH. (special). Forced rear differential lock - by default.

Pajero Sport. Commonly known to share base with L200. Simply put, almost the same pickup truck, only with a covered trunk and an increased level of comfort. The starting price for today is UAH 259,985. Transmission - mechanical or automatic.

Toyota

V Toyota so far they are in no hurry to abandon the frame. As before, the Land Crusier Prado (150) and Land Cruiser (200) models have a frame base. The 200th "Corn" (as it is popularly called) has many versions. The cost in the official dealer network - from 760 873 UAH. up to UAH 855 326 There are two engines - a 4.6-liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 309 hp. and a 4.5-liter diesel engine with a capacity of 235 hp. Transmission - 6-speed, automatic.

land Cruiser Prado available in Ukraine at a price of 355,047 UAH. The range of engines includes three units. Two petrol - with a volume of 2.7 liters and 4.0 liters - and one diesel, with a volume of 3 liters and a power of 173 hp. Complete set options - as many as 7!

also in model range Toyota has a frame Hilux pickup, considered one of the most enduring cars in the world. Whether this is so, you can be sure, provided that there is at least 262,773 UAH for its purchase. That is how much the basic version costs with a 2.5-liter diesel unit with a capacity of 144 hp, which can only work with a mechanical one. A 3-liter diesel engine with a capacity of 172 hp is also available, it is aggregated with an automatic transmission.

And Toyota also has huge Tundra and Sequoia. They have a "Body on frame" design - as the Americans say, this is a frame on which the wheels are fixed, but the body is not rigidly tied to the frame. Despite the very impressive dimensions and voracious gasoline engines (4.0, 4.6 liters and 5.7 liters), in our country, judging by the number of these cars, there are enough fans of the largest Toyotas. - from 380 000 UAH. up to almost 800 000 UAH.

In addition to Tundra and Sequoia, our site presents prices for frame, and new. These cars are found on our roads, but what was a discovery for us was the possibility of buying an "old" but new Land Cruiser of the 70th series! It turns out that this model is still produced for certain markets, and in our country an almost ancient Toyota without a run can be bought through an unofficial dealer network. Price - 400-450 thousand hryvnia. For this money, a car with a diesel engine, a manual transmission and a whole arsenal of locks for the toughest off-road is offered. For the inveterate gourmet.

The model range of the South Korean brand includes one SUV with a frame at the base. This is the flagship Mohave costing from UAH 376,000. (according to the promotion for cars made in 2011) up to 414 100 UAH. By the way, the son of the honorary president of the UkrAvto corporation, Vakhtang Vasadze, drives such a car. For Ukrainians, quite a lot of trim levels and two engines are available - a 3.8-liter gasoline and a 3-liter turbodiesel. Four-wheel drive - by default. The gearbox is only automatic, but depending on the year of manufacture and type of engine, it can have from 5 to 8 (!) Steps.

Suzuki

Basically, frame SUVs are bulky and imposing cars. But Suzuki Jimny- an exception. This kid has a solid frame construction and in many ways resembles his ancestor named Samurai. From a technological point of view, it is as simple as, for example, an UAZ. But at the same time it has air conditioning, electronic security systems, etc. It cannot be said that this model is wildly popular, but it has its fans in Ukraine. At the moment, Jimny, which is called a small all-terrain vehicle, is available at a price of 178,200 UAH. (for vehicles manufactured in 2012). The engine is one - gasoline, with a volume of 1.3 liters and a power of 85 hp. There are two gearboxes - a 5-speed manual or a 4-speed automatic.

Daihatsu

Another "baby" with a frame is the Daihatsu Terios. Despite the fact that this model is sold by purely "gray" dealers, it can be considered very popular in Ukraine. This is evidenced by the number of such cars on our roads.

Daihatsu Terios - frame, with a rigid rear axle and permanent all-wheel drive. A real SUV, only very small. In Ukraine, such a car without a run can be purchased for 176-225 thousand hryvnias.

Mercedes

The Mercedes G-Class is arguably the most expensive car with a frame. A car created for military needs, unfortunately, is often used for completely different purposes and in most cases does not see off-road. Fans of the "cube" (as they like to call this car in the CIS) appreciate it for its solid construction and high reliability. The fee is appropriate. A huge selection of configurations and engines allows you to choose a car for any requirements. In the official dealer network, the G-class costs at least 1 million hryvnias.

Land Rover

Defender is an infrequent guest on Ukrainian roads. It is not as comfortable as the Mercedes G-Class, both in terms of driving and interior design. But in terms of reliability, according to the owners, it has practically no equal. Yes, and on the patency to him can hardly be a claim. Today Defender is offered with a short and long base. The engine is a 2.4-liter turbodiesel. Permanent four-wheel drive, short overhangs and reliable, but rigid suspension- all these are car attributes for real men who only think about hunting and fishing. Price - from 336 353 UAH.

Jeep

Jeep also has a classic frame SUV - the legendary Wrangler. In Ukraine, this model is available with petrol and diesel units, as well as in 3- or 5-door versions. Transmission - mechanical or automatic.

"Three-door" costs from 380,000 hryvnia, five-door Wrangler - from 414,000 hryvnia.

Volkswagen

Dodge

A typical representative of American pickups. Big, voracious and, of course, has a frame base. There are many different cab options, lengths, engines - for every taste. The only thing you should not count on is savings. Regardless of the type of engine, fuel costs will be as impressive as the size of the car. Cost - from 350,000 to 500,000 hryvnia.

Whether to pay attention

For an ordinary motorist who uses a car mainly in the city, the presence of a frame is not particularly important. After all, as already mentioned in the pros and cons frame machines, they handle worse than monocoque models. Nevertheless, if we talk about durability, frame SUVs remain the best in this parameter. That's just passive safety is not the "horse" of such cars. However, it all depends on the efforts of manufacturers and the amount of money invested in improving security. The choice is yours...

Powerful and comfortable frame SUVs, the list of which we will present to you today, have long migrated in the ratings from the category of “workhorses for the countryside” to “cars for the middle class”. This means that with the power of a tractor that can climb a mountain range, the SUV has acquired all the amenities that luxury cars were previously equipped with: a leather interior, electrically controlled and heated seats, a powerful computer that controls electronics, which is enough for an average passenger liner.

Our rating is based on the opinions of Russian and foreign buyers about SUVs with reduction gear and all-wheel drive that meet three main indicators: specifications, comfort and price.

Frame SUVs with reduction gear, blocking and all-wheel drive: TOP-10

First, we must clarify that almost all of the cars shown can be called "combined" in terms of transmission design: they have a reduction gear, a differential lock and a switch to "all-wheel drive" mode. This allows you to operate an SUV with equal efficiency on rough terrain and ply along the streets of settlements in the "urban cycle".

The list of the best frame SUVs includes the 10 most popular selling models of 2018-2019, selected according to the statistics of total sales in the world. There are both very prestigious names and modest ones (in our understanding), but they are united by universal recognition:

1	Honda Pilot
2	Kia Mohave
3	Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
4	Mitsubishi Pajero
5	Jeep Grand Cherokee
6	Audi Q7
7	Nissan Patrol
8	Hyundai ix55
9	Volkswagen Touareg
10	Lexus GX

Honda Pilot

The crown of the "Best frame SUV" was received by the representative of the Japanese concern "Honda Pilot", produced in the second generation after the update in 2011 (K2 class, front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive modifications).

• engine - V6 3500 (cm3), gasoline;
• Max. power - 349 hp, torque - 347 Nm;
• gearbox - automatic transmission, Grade Logic system (engine optimization for road conditions). VSM system: control of separate operation of cylinders with increase in power. downshift;
• consumption per 100 km - 11.1 (monodrive), 11.7 liters (all-wheel drive version);
• differential lock, torque distribution system along the axes;
• ground clearance - up to 200 mm, turning radius - 5.5 m;
• 18 - inch wheels for luxury equipment;
• All-metal body using heavy-duty steels (lightweight);
• price range (in rubles) from 1.79 to 2.4 million rubles

Kia Mohave

Korean frame SUV " Kia Mojave» designed for extreme conditions and the most comfortable "survival". In some countries, the car is sold under a different name - KIA Borrego.

• engines: V6, 3 l, CRDI series, diesel; 3.8 L, Lambda series, petrol;
• max power: 250 hp (diesel), 275 (petrol);
• consumption per 100 km (average) - 10.2 (diesel), 9.7-10 liters (gasoline);
• anti-lock braking system (ABS), brake force distribution (EBD). Motion stabilization and stability systems (TCS, ESC);
• 17, 18 - inch wheels;
• price range (in rubles) from 1.85 to 2.1 million (basic equipment).

Toyota Land Cruiser Prado

The Japanese frame jeep "Toyota Land Cruiser Prado" is firmly held in the top ten most popular all-wheel drive SUVs.

• engines: V4, 3 l, diesel; V6, 2700 and 4 liters (top version), gasoline. Emissions indicators have been brought up to the most environmentally friendly level of Euro 5;
• max power: 190 hp (diesel), 163 and 282 (petrol);
• gearboxes: diesel - 6-speed automatic transmission; gasoline - 5-speed automatic transmission;
• consumption per 100 km (average) - 12.5 (diesel), 12.3 and 15 liters (gasoline);
• Multi Terrain Select system (engine control is designed for 5 road options: gravel and stones, mud and gravel, loose soil, sand and icy road);
• anti-lock braking system (ABS), downhill braking control. Exchange rate stabilization system;
• protection of "blind zones" and warning of obstacles when " reversing”, video cameras with a circular view;
• 17, 18 - inch wheels;
• price range (in rubles) from 1.7 to 2.95 million (top-end equipment).

Mitsubishi Pajero

The Mitsubishi concern never ceases to improve its most popular four-wheel drive frame SUV - the Mitsubishi Pajero. In 2018-2019, the IV generation car became a bestseller.

• engines: V6, 3 l, diesel; 3 and 3.8 liters, petrol;
• max power: 200 hp (diesel), 178 and 250 (petrol);
• gearboxes: diesel - 5-speed automatic transmission; gasoline - 5-speed automatic transmission and for the configuration "Invite MT" with dvig. 3.0 - 5-speed manual transmission;
• consumption per 100 km (average) - 10-12 (diesel), 11-12 and 13-15 liters (gasoline);
• proprietary powertrain Advanced SuperSelect 4WD (SS4-II) operates in 4 modes: four-wheel drive (4WD Super Select); four-wheel drive with low gear (4llc); 2H (only the rear wheels are involved) or 4H (all wheels are turned on with a different torque transmission to each); 4Hlc (4WD with differential lock);
• 17, 18 - inch wheels;
• high ground clearance - 235 mm;
• price range (in rubles) from 1.6 to 2.5 million (top-end equipment).

Jeep Grand Cherokee

The American frame SUV "Grand Cherokee" is offered in 4 modifications, each of which is equipped with its own engine model. Engines are petrol only.

• Sport package: Tigershark Multi Air II, V4 (2400 cm3), 184 hp, 7.5 l/100 km. Front wheel drive 4x2. Security system: 10 pillows. Cruise control (adaptive). 17 inch wheels. Multimedia audio and video system, touch screen. central electric lock, hand brake(electric);
• "Latitude": Pentastar V6 engine (3200 cm3), 271 hp, 9 l/100 km. Two modifications: front-wheel drive 4x2 and full. Aluminum alloy wheels 17 inches. Heated seats, steering wheel and engine as standard;
• "Limited": Pentastar V6 (3200 cm3) engine, but the car appears as a limited series. Climate control for two zones. Armchairs in leather covers, heated, with electric drive and memory for 4 and 8 positions. Modifications: front-wheel drive 4x2, all-wheel drive;
• "Trailhawk": V6 engine (3200 cm3), four-wheel drive with multifunctional transmission Active Drive Lock (rear differential lock, Selec Terrain drive mode selector). Box - "automatic" ZF, 9 stupas. The machine is designed for the most difficult terrain and is;
• prices for each modification in the basic assembly are at intervals of 1.5-1.8 thousand dollars: from 23 to 27.5 thousand dollars from the manufacturer.

Audi Q7

The category "Best frame SUV with all-wheel drive" was replenished with a representative of the "premium" class. This is an all-wheel drive SUV with a 40:60 traction distribution (more effort is on the rear axle).

• starter kit: V6 engine, 3 l, gasoline, gearbox - "automatic", 8 steps. ABS systems, ESP, "assistants" for descending from the mountain and starting to move on the rise, parking sensors. The salon is equipped with climate control systems, heated seats, and a powerful audio system. Optics - bi-xenon;
• diesel engines: V6, 3 l (245 hp), V8 4.2 l (340 hp), V12, 6 l (500 hp). The diesel for 3000 is equipped with an "automatic" 8 steps, and the last two models - with boxes - "automatic" 6 tbsp.;
• diesel modifications are equipped with the same systems as the gasoline "brother". But in addition, for an additional fee, you can purchase adaptive cruise control, a blind spot tracking system, “smart optics”;
• the price range is very wide: from 2,800,000 to 6,500,000 rubles.

Nissan Patrol

Traditionally, the "best friend of hunters and fishermen" - Nissan Patrol - is a success. But the updated body looks simply luxurious, and an all-wheel drive frame SUV will do honor to any resident of an elite suburb.

• engine - VK56VD, V8 (5600 cm3), 405 hp, 11.4 (out of town) up to 20 l / 100 km (urban cycle);
• box - 7 - speed "automatic", downshift, distribution along the axes 50:50;
• motion stabilization and brake control systems (anti-slip) ABS, EBD, TCS, BA. HDC (mountain exit control);
• speed-controlled amplifier;
• 4 driving modes different types grounds: dirt, sand, asphalt, snow.
• rear dif-la lock;
• starting price from 3,900,000 rubles.

Hyundai IX55

The Korean frame SUV Hyundai IX55 "Irbis" has received universal recognition for the best price-quality ratio. All-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle Available in two versions: with petrol and diesel engines.

• engines: gasoline V6 DOHC (3.8 l), 264 hp, 9-12 l / 100 km; diesel CRDi (3000 cm3), 239 hp, 7.6-9.4 l / 100 km;
• gearbox - 6-speed "automatic", four-wheel drive, downshift with differential lock;
• ABS, EBD, TCS systems (traction control, braking control);
• 17-inch alloy wheels;
• prices start from 1.86 million rubles.

Volkswagen Touareg

The German frame SUV "Volkswagen Touareg" entered the showrooms of Volkswagen dealers after restyling and immediately won the love of European lovers of nature and comfort.

• engines: gasoline - V6 DOHC (3600 cm3), 249 hp, 11 hp and V8 (4200 cm3), 360 hp, 13 liters; diesel - V6 (3000 cm3), 204 hp, 6.6 l and V8 (3400 cm3), 340 hp, 9.1 l;
• box - 8 steps. "Automatic" Aisin with manual shifting, downshift;
• the steering wheel is equipped with a Servotronic hydraulic booster (with force variable in speed);
• 4Motion all-wheel drive system, self-locking differential Torsen;
• brake control systems (ABS, EBD, ESP, ASR, EDS);
• starting price - from 2.5 million rubles.

Lexus GX

The rating of frame SUVs is completed by the result of Japanese-American cooperation - the all-wheel drive Lexus GX. The representative of the Premium class with improved features and design shows in the photo how it looks equally organic next to luxurious villas and against the backdrop of a mountainous area.

• engine: V8 (4600 cm3), gasoline, 298 hp, 13 hp;
• 6-speed automatic transmission, all-wheel drive with Torsen interaxle differential, changing the interaxle force in proportions of 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50;
• leather interior, adjustable and heated steering wheel and seats, powerful multimedia system;
• stabilization systems KDSS, ABS, EBD, BAS, AVS, etc.;
• price range: from 2.9 to 3.6 million rubles.

Now frame SUVs, which a couple of decades ago were real off-road kings, are gradually giving way modern models jeeps and crossovers with a load-bearing body or an integrated frame.

Comfort and economy are put at the forefront, and cross-country ability and reliability are relegated to second place. Nevertheless, such cars have their own segment - they are popular in North and South America, in Russia, the countries of the Middle East, as well as Africa. In a word, where “road surface” is a rather relative concept, and in order to get from point “A” to “B”, you need to use a “frame” or an armored personnel carrier.

Consider the most famous SUVs on the frame, which were produced before and now.

One of the most famous cars in the list of frame SUVs, produced in the back of a pickup truck, first saw the light back in 1968. Initially, Hilux was not focused on cross-country ability - too weak motor, small wheelbase and the monodrive did not allow the pickup truck to storm serious off-road. The same applies to Honda Pilot, which we wrote about in a previous article.

But that all changed with the advent of the third generation Hilux Regular Cab in 1978. For the first time, all-wheel drive was installed on it, powerful and torquey engines - gasoline 1.8 and 2.4 liters, and diesel 2.2 liters.

The SUV was actively sold and appreciated in third world countries.

Suffice it to say that the Libyan-Chadian war of 1986-87 was called the "Toyota War" - for the fact that the Chadian troops actively used Toyota pickups Hilux.

A powerful frame made it possible to install a heavy machine gun and a rocket launcher in the body, and an unpretentious engine and an indestructible suspension provided the troops of the Chadian army with amazing mobility in the desert.

According to military experts, the use of these frame SUVs allowed Chad to repel the attack of the Libyan army, armed much better. After, in many African and Middle Eastern countries, field commanders widely used the car as patrol equipment, light fire support and for the transport of goods.

From the fifth generation, the Hilux becomes more comfortable and less utilitarian. There are many options, several options for cabs and the like - but the frame structure remains unchanged.

The current eighth generation of the Toyota Hilux was launched in May 2015. The new reinforced frame of increased rigidity provides the chassis with the necessary solidity, allowing you to overcome any off-road conditions.

As power units, two variants of powerful and torquey diesel engines with a volume of 2.4 and 2.8 liters, for 150 and 177 liters are installed on the Hilux. With. respectively, 6-speed mechanics and the same machine. The moment for the first is 400 Nm, for the second - 450 Nm. All this, coupled with a clearance of 227 mm in the low part of the chassis, makes the pickup a king on any off-road.

Toyota Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser is rightfully considered one of the most popular frame SUVs in the world. Although it now confidently occupies the premium segment, of which the 2016 Toyota Prado is one of the representatives, for quite a long time it was a “workhorse”, designed specifically for heavy-duty use and quietly competing with market-leading American SUVs.

Success for the Land Cruiser, which fully justified the nickname "Land Cruiser", came with the advent of the 60 series.

Here, for the first time, a combination of a simple independent spring suspension, a powerful diesel engine and a ladder-type frame was tested, which brought success to the model and was subsequently used on other modifications.

The apotheosis was the 100th series, produced since 1998.

Despite the fact that it belongs to the premium SUV segment, off-road behavior is impeccable. Shock-absorbing elements began to be installed in the frame, and in the 105-series - a modernized version of the “hundredth”, a dependent front suspension is still used to this day. Also for the LC 100, a new line of power plants has been developed, including gasoline and diesel engines that work great at low and medium speeds.

Nissan Patrol

Appearing in 1958 as a continuation of a licensed copy of the American Willys Jeep, Patrol 4W65 and the following versions were offered exclusively for the needs of the army. But from the end of 1960, these frame SUVs hit the civilian market, where they were appreciated by the inhabitants of the countryside - a powerful frame made it possible to carry cargo up to a ton in the back, and a reliable and unpretentious suspension made the car almost indestructible on any terrain.

Produced since 1960, the Patrol 160 model was seriously modernized, and the designers managed to combine reliability, cross-country ability, comfort and a relatively low price in a car.

The SUV has become so successful that in the countries of the Middle East, for example, in Iran, it is still considered one of the most popular.

Reinforced frame with spring suspension and continuous bridges, simple and unpretentious diesel engines and a two-stage razdatka allowed the car to overcome any obstacles. Do not forget about the frankly simple and reliable design of the chassis, which rarely failed.

Until 2010, two more versions of inexpensive frame SUVs appeared in the Nissan Patrol family: Y60 and Y61.

They were modernized in terms of improving comfort - the suspension became softer, because springs and levers were installed instead of springs, spacious salon better quality, etc. Also appeared more powerful power units: diesels from 2.8 to 4.2 liters (112-200 hp) and gasoline V-shaped 4.5 and 4.8 liters. Particularly popular were the 4.2-liter naturally aspirated TD42 diesel engines, most of which were equipped with a simple in-line high-pressure fuel pump - the engines easily "care" for 200-400 thousand km without overhaul in very harsh conditions.

And here is the flagship Patrol version Y62 is a rather controversial model. Immediately after the appearance, it became clear that it enjoys commercial success exclusively in the oil monarchies of the Persian Gulf (like Gelik Brabus), where only two car options are preferred - elite sports cars or huge premium SUVs.

Having retained its cross-country ability (frame, clearance, razdatka and powerful motor 5.6 liters with a torque of 560 Nm and 400 hp), the SUV has acquired too many comfort-oriented options. As a result, the price is about 4 million rubles not in the top configuration - it is natural that buying such a car for off-road driving is at least stupid.

Starting a conversation about frame SUVs, one should not forget about the American market, where such off-road conquerors are in well-deserved demand. There are several reasons - from the need for actually light and passable trucks for various needs and to the presence of serious off-road in the same Colorado, Montana, Nevada and Alaska.

Therefore, monsters are very popular in the USA, like the Dodge Ram 1500 - a real pickup truck that can easily carry half a ton of cargo.

A powerful frame with a mixed (torsion bars + springs) or spring suspension, all-wheel drive and a displacement engine has become the hallmark of the model. The first generation was launched in 1981, and in 2012 Dodge introduced the fourth.

The new Ram 1500 is distinguished by improved aerodynamics of the body, a reinforced frame and a wide range of engines, in which the “weakest” is a 3.7-liter petrol V-shaped “six” with a capacity of 218 hp. With. But for those who are not enough, they can order a version with petrol engines of 4.7, 5.7, 8.0 and 8.3 liters, as well as two powerful turbodiesels of 5.9 and 6.7 liters.

Finishing the review of the best frame SUVs, it is necessary to mention one of the most titled representatives of this type - the famous LR Defender, the undisputed winner of almost all known trophy raids.

It is noteworthy that for many years during production - and the first Defender was released in 1948, the car's spartan appearance and miserable interior did not affect its popularity at all.

In general, as fans of the model joke, the appearance of Defender is as conservative as Britain, which remains a constitutional monarchy.

In fact, this SUV is a burning mixture of advantages and disadvantages. The ladder frame, coupled with a long-travel suspension, good body geometry, a torquey low-revving diesel engine, four-wheel drive with a two-stage transfer case and a lockable center differential provide phenomenal cross-country ability on steeply rough terrain.

In 1997, several enthusiasts managed to drive this car to Elbrus - a documented fact.

But on the other hand, comfort in Defender is an extremely relative concept, even in latest models, Unlike compact crossover Range Rover Ewok. The developers have left it spartan and simple - the side mirrors are adjusted manually, not to mention the frankly uncomfortable seats back row and other cons. But the Defender is a living legend, sitting in which you can look down on any, even the most expensive SUV.

Video

For dessert, watch a video where real jeeps overcome severe impassability. Crossovers never dreamed of.

There are two types of car chassis: chassis, combined with a load-bearing body, or a frame structure. In the first case, all components and assemblies are attached directly to the machine body. The second option is when the chassis, engine and transmission are mounted on the frame, and the body is "put on" from above. Both options have their advantages, the case version is more technologically advanced from the point of view of conveyor assembly. The spar frame requires preparatory work before installation, but during operation its design is more reliable.

Frame or monocoque - which is better?

The frame is used in the manufacture of vehicles, the operation of which involves increased loads and a non-stop work cycle. These are trucks, buses, military jeeps, extended limousines and Cadillacs. The category of vehicles experiencing high dynamic loads also includes frame SUVs, a list of which is given below. The monocoque carrier body is used in all other cases.

What is the frame made of?

The design of an all-metal frame as the basis for mounting individual units is quite complicated. This is a combination of seamless and forged profiles, transverse and longitudinal. Their relationship is calculated in advance, and the result is a solid structure that can withstand significant loads. When assembling, all the advantages of the frame go to the car. And the best example of the use of a reliable profiled design are frame SUVs. The list of advantages of such machines includes high strength characteristics, wear resistance, passive safety in case of minor accidents.

Popularity and application

Frame structures became widespread in the United States during the automobile boom of the 60s. Manufacturers sought to create new models by changing the exterior of the body, without touching the chassis of the car. The frame provided just such an opportunity. Dozens of models were assembled on the same chassis. Then the term body-on-frame even came into use, meaning one hundred percent unification of the running gear of cars. The only condition for connecting the new body to the platform was the complete coincidence of the mounting holes in the frame and body, however, these technological standards were easily observed.

Currently frame structures used in the production of passenger cars rarely and only when necessary, for reasons of strength. Variants with a monocoque body are much lighter in weight, more technologically advanced during assembly and have more attractive passive safety parameters in the sense that in a collision the frameless body folds like an accordion and dampens the impact inertia. And the frame can cause more tangible damage due to its rigidity. Therefore, when designing, all possible situations were miscalculated.

Overview of SUVs produced today

Currently, almost all leading companies in the global automotive industry produce off-road vehicles on a frame chassis. However, they should not be confused with crossovers, cars of the same off-road class but without a frame. All crossovers are assembled using a load-bearing body.

The first number of the world ranking in its class is the American Hummer all-terrain vehicle. A powerful car, assembled on a frame chassis, was intended for the US Army, but for various reasons, deliveries to military units have ceased, and the SUV can now be found on the roads of both the USA and Europe, in private use.

Along with the Hammer, the Cadillac Escalade frame SUV is popular in America. This is also a worthy representative in its class.

Off-road model "Acura" is also the dream of many motorists. In Europe, SUVs "Mercedes" and "Audi" compete with each other, "Volkswagen" breathes down their necks. The leading models are not far behind the Romanian "ARO" and the Korean "Rocsta".

All frame SUVs, the list of which can be continued, are very expensive, but the high cost does not stop true fans of extreme routes, and all-wheel drive giants are well bought. Developed network service centers Provides maintenance for off-road vehicles.

American off-road model Cadillac Escalade

In 1999, the full-size off-road Cadillac Escalade debuted. The car was designed on the basis of the Chevrolet Tahoe. Much attention was paid to the branded appearance of the car: five-spoke wheels, light leather in the interior, fine wood trim.

The machine is equipped with a 5.7-liter engine, 255 hp, with a V-shaped arrangement of eight cylinders. The transmission is a four-speed automatic. The dimensions of the car are impressive: length - 5110 mm, height - 1890 and width - 1960 mm. Weight - 2545 kilograms.

The European equipment of the Cadillac Escalade frame SUV includes an HVAC climate system, seat ventilation, ten airbags around the entire perimeter of the cabin, full power accessories, and satellite TV for passengers. For an additional fee, a computer module with unlimited Internet is installed.

SUV Acura SLX

A luxurious off-road luxury car was introduced by Honda in 1996. The car organically fit into the then popular category of jeeps. Besides, Acura SLX differed in "combat" characteristics in full set. And all this was combined with the highest level of comfort in the cabin. Heated leather seats, a pop-up roof, impeccable power accessories and servos are everywhere.

The Akura's power plant is a 215 hp engine. volume of 3.5 liters. The transmission is automatic, four-speed. The standard package includes such a range of options and accessories that the manufacturer has nothing more to add.

Frame SUV Audi Q7

German all-terrain vehicle looks like a luxury car executive class. At the same time, there are signs of sportiness in the exterior. This impression is intensified as soon as the car takes off. The unstoppable run of the giant takes a fraction of a second.

The Audi Q7 was conceived as the largest SUV in Europe. The length of the car is greater than that of the Hammer H2, and is 5086 mm, height - 1737 and width - 1983 mm. Swift contours, accentuated body contours, contrasting with the flat shape of the windows - all these are signs of the car's sporty character.

SUV on frame chassis "ARO 244"

The Romanian company ARO, a manufacturer of light trucks and four-wheel drive SUVs, mainly produces cars for the domestic market.

The frame SUV model ARO 244 was put into mass production in 1966 and became a pilot modification for the entire 24th series. The car was produced in two versions: two-door (short base) and five-door (full base). The car did not have a powerful volumetric engine and looked more like an ordinary car with a frame layout of the chassis and engine. The APO 244 engine with a volume of 2495 cc developed 83 hp, which was enough to achieve top speed 120 km/h.

Korean-made frame SUV

Frame SUV "Asia Roksta" debuted in 1989. The power plant on a medium power machine, 86 hp. with a volume of 1.8 liters. But the car had a very interesting appearance. "Roksta" resembled the legendary American "Willis" of the Second World War. The same unique grille, headlights, front fenders. The car seemed to have stepped out of the picture, reflecting the events at the front.

In 1994, Roxta underwent a deep restyling that changed its exterior and interior. The front end of the car began to resemble the Mitsubishi Pajero of the first issue. The new design was to the taste of consumers, and "Asia Roksta" went into series. At the same time, the previous version also continued to be produced. But in 1998, the frame SUV was discontinued, it was replaced by new model Retona.

Frame SUVs, the list of which is far from complete in this article, are in moderate but stable demand. Their production is developing, new models appear.