Production: Martorelli S.R.I.

Release start: 1973

For the first time, citizens of the former Soviet republics learned about the connection of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant with the Italian surname Martorelli in 1975. Then information appeared on the pages of the Soviet press about the "469s" participating in the international run across the Sahara, which was organized by the same Martorelli family to attract the attention of other Italians to the outlandish SUVs of the Land of the Soviets.

In addition, UAZs began to be equipped with foreign power units(they were installed in Ulyanovsk). In total, there were four models in the Martorelli line, of which the UAZ-Explorer with its native gasoline UMZ-451M (2,500 cm3, 75 hp) was considered the most affordable car. The rest are UAZ-Marathon with a Peugeot XD2 diesel (2,500 cm3, 76 hp), UAZ-Dakar with a Vittorio Martorelli VM turbodiesel (2,400 cm3, 100 hp), UAZ-Racing with gasoline FIAT engine(2,000 cm3, 112 hp) - were much more expensive.

Over 26 years of fruitful cooperation between the enterprising Martorelli brothers and the Ulyanovsk plant in Southern Europe, more than 6.6 thousand modified UAZs were sold, some of which were brought to Russia in the early 90s as foreign-made products.

UAZ-3907 "Jaguar"

Production: UAZ.

Display: 1983

The UAZ-3907 Jaguar amphibious vehicle, created on the basis of the 469 model, awarded the state award in 1983, amazed the imagination during tests conducted since 1980. He was able to move through the water at a speed of 8-10 km / h, swim with twenty-one people on board (according to the design, the cabin was designed for seven), turn on the water without a water rudder (using the front wheels), move on land at a speed 100 km / h, work at temperatures with a huge range (from +45 ° to -47 °), tow a trailer weighing up to 0.75 tons ... And despite the increased mass, have excellent cross-country ability due to the flat bottom. With all this, the Jaguar looked like an ordinary off-road vehicle, and not like a cross between a motor boat and a representative of a wheeled dynasty.

Since 1986, under a separate agreement with the KGB for the border guards, the development of a modification was started with the installation of six pairs of skis, which during the tests also showed excellent results. Sad in this whole story was only the end. In 1990, due to the lack of promised funding, the project was curtailed. In total, 14 unique amphibians were born.

1 / 3

2 / 3

3 / 3

UAZ-31512 TRUCK LLD

Production:"LLD-auto", Moscow.

Release start: 1994

In 1993, visitors to the Moscow International Motor Show saw cars that were immediately dubbed "Russian Martorellis". These were UAZ-31512s, trained at the first private car factory in Russia, organized by the Larin brothers and their friends. The level of work done, as a result of which the Ulyanovsk "all-terrain vehicles" noticeably changed, was at its best, in addition, the bulk of all the materials used were domestic production.

However, the model of the same company, which was presented a year later at the same place, attracted more interest. We are talking about a four-seat pickup truck UAZ-31512 TRUCK LLD. Its creators had to do the following: increase the base of an ordinary UAZ by 650 mm, increase side panels, add one main sheet to the rear spring packages, and make the rear wall of the cab vertical (made of plastic).

The result is an attractive pickup truck with a 2 + 2 landing formula (as indicated by the manufacturer) and a cargo platform 1.7 meters long, capable of accommodating 2.5 cubic meters of cargo. Unfortunately, everything related to the brakes, chassis components and assemblies was not changed or replaced with a more suitable one, although it was possible. The reason for such a strange step was the high cost of cars due to the fact that initially UAZs were not purchased at the plant in Ulyanovsk itself, but from ordinary dealers, who were able to increase the price well.

During the peak period (1994-1995), the LLD-auto enterprise produced up to 40 cars per month, but in the second half of the 90s, the demand for modified UAZs began to fall sharply, and eventually the first private automobile plant ceased to exist.

ShZSA-3939

Manufacturer: JSC "SHZSA", Shumerlya (Chuvashia).

Release start: 1994

With the transition to a market economy, the newly formed states were swept by a wave of crime. Organized gangs were haunted by the cash flows of individuals, companies and enterprises. Raids on places where a large amount of cash accumulated by a certain time became more frequent. But attacks on cash collectors, who at that time still had ordinary cars, were especially popular. This situation could not last long - specialized vehicles equipped with armor were required.

The first attempt to create an armored car on its own was carried out by the Shumerlinsky plant of special vehicles, presenting the model 3939 to the public. The basis for the armored car was the UAZ 31512, which, together with the "hull factory", made clothes designed to protect valuable contents. The body was redrawn from beginning to end, with UAZ it is related only by the bevel of the lower part on the driver's door.

Contrary to the beliefs of many, only the cargo-passenger compartment was made of high-strength armored steel in ShZSA-3939, and not the entire car. The hood, stylized as armor, was made in order to scare away lovers of easy money from afar.

There is little information about ShZSA-3939. It is known that production continued in the second half of the nineties, most of the cars produced have already gone out of use and are "laid up" in the yards. Some copies were converted into combat vehicles for military operations in Chechnya, and anyone can see the armored car with their own eyes - it stands as a monument in front of the building of the Rosinkas association in Volgograd.

NAMI - UAZ 469 "Huntsman"

Production: NAMI, Moscow.

Display: 1998

What can be more passable than UAZ? Only UAZ on tires low pressure! After all, as you know, large and soft wheels provide maximum grip on the surface. "Huntsman" - this is one of the many versions of the UAZ with such a chassis.

Its design was based on the serial UAZ 469 with enlarged wheel arches, additional thresholds and gear tires with ultra-low pressure produced by NPF TREKOL, slightly modified by NAMI. The Ulyanovsk SUV was chosen for the role of the main donor for a reason.

The design of its chassis required the least refinement, and this saves time and money. A year later, the all-terrain vehicle, prepared for driving on soft ground, wetlands, virgin snow, as well as overcoming water obstacles by swimming, was shown to the public. And a year later, NPF TREKOL presented an independent, but very similar development in this area - TREKOL 39041, which is also based on a serial UAZ. The production of the machine continues to this day.

UAZ-3159 "Bars"

Production: UAZ.

Release start: 1999

"Land Rover has become expensive and prestigious, Gelendevagen too. And why is the UAZ worse?" - they thought at the factory and made a long-wheelbase modification of the UAZ-3153. A little later, his "luxury" modification appeared - "Bars".

In order to make a competitive car out of the new model, the stretched body was endowed with plastic lining, steps were installed under the thresholds, the windows were made movable, the back door was hinged, a sunroof was cut into the roof ... and these are just visible changes.

Under the hood, a new generation 16-valve engine was installed - ZMZ-409 with electronic injection fuel. Due to the use of gear bridges combined with the front spring and rear small sheet spring suspensions managed to increase the ground clearance by 80 mm and the track by 165 mm. In addition, the UAZ was equipped with a power steering and five-speed gearbox gears.

The only thing that spoiled the whole thing was the interior, which, despite attempts to ennoble it, remained terrible (hard molded plastic, fabric upholstery door panels, etc.). In addition, the details constantly fell off. It was not possible to grow "Gelik" out of UAZ. In the nine years that Bars was in production program Ulyanovsk plant, only 10 thousand long-base copies found their owners.

UAZ-3150 "Naughty"

Production: UAZ.

Display: 1999

Although "Naughty" did not become serial, he managed to light up in one of the unofficial modifications for the game GTA: San Andreas

If there is a long wheelbase version, then there must be a short wheelbase one! If you try to please customers who are hungry for solidity, then you can try to "get through" to the youth ... Obviously, UAZ was guided by this logic.

"Naughty" is an open "sports and entertainment" version of the UAZ-31512 with a base reduced by 380 mm, equipped with powerful chrome-plated safety arches, an easily removable awning and four comfortable chairs. It was proposed to install two engines under its hood: UMZ-4213.10 (2.9 liters) and ZMZ-409 (2.7 liters), capable of giving the car good dynamics (compared to serial models).

However, getting rid of extra centimeters and kilograms had a positive effect not only on top speed and acceleration time, as a result of these changes, the SUV has improved maneuverability and patency. As well as civil version a military version was presented, the bottom and engine of which were covered with armored plates.

Alas, at the time of the premiere, the consumer market was not ready for the emergence of a domestic competitor American Jeep Wrangler, which, in principle, is not very popular in Russia. In total, six copies of the shortened UAZ were assembled with open top, five of which were sold.

Scorpio-1

Production: Corporation "Protection".

Release start: 2003

The fact that the UAZ 469 was developed first of all for the army has never been a secret. For many years, this car was the main command transport in the USSR, and then the entire post-Soviet space. To say that the car is outdated is to say nothing.

However, making major design changes on a production scale is not easy - it takes years and a lot of investment. As a result, smaller enterprises began to fuss, among which was the Zashchita corporation with its Scorpion-1 project. Taking a cursory glance at their car, they fail to see something strange - an ordinary UAZ 31512, perhaps a three-door one. And after looking...

In order to solve the problem of lack of free space, the body of the SUV was expanded by cutting along and welding in a 270 mm insert. Worked on the "bars bridges" in order to increase the gauge. got rid of rear doors, but widened the front. The result was a unique vehicle that surpasses the serial UAZ in terms of the possibility of retrofitting (hidden armor, installation of large-caliber rifle automatic guns) without loss of space for personnel.

It is difficult to verify the veracity of this, although the likelihood that such a test could have taken place and the UAZ showed good results still exists. But even so, the track has been and will continue to be more effective than any wheel (with the exception of wheels with low pressure) in conditions and harsh climates.

Associate Professor of the Department of Automobiles and Tractors of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University A. Anikin, who in 2003 created the Ukhtysh snow and swamp vehicle on caterpillars, was well aware of this.

The design is a sealed steel case with UAZ units, on which a body was installed, cut along just below the break line of the body panels. Salon visually remained unchanged except for the horned steering wheel in place of the steering wheel.

The Ukhtysh did not become a mass production, but the design was generally recognized as very successful and successful, and for several more years the car was assembled at the All-Terrain Vehicles Plant and sold at a price of under 1 million rubles.

The result was an all-terrain vehicle for the transfer of personnel, whose upper component not only adorned the most massive Soviet all-wheel drive truck, but also allowed people sitting inside to feel much more comfortable than in an onboard body.

Many car enthusiasts who are fond of fishing or hunting, as well as those who live in rural areas, often think about how to increase the cross-country ability of their car. Many are interested in whether it is possible to turn an ordinary car into an all-terrain vehicle with your own hands.

UAZ cars are very famous model domestic production, which was produced specifically for conditions requiring increased cross-country ability.

Patriot on low pressure tires

This is the UAZ-452, the so-called loaf - one of the first models with cross-country ability. "Loaf" has been used for more than 50 years in conditions with heavy traffic, especially in villages. This and newer models "Hunter" and "Patriot", released after 2000.

As you know, one of the factors that significantly increases the cross-country ability of a car is.

Many crafty car enthusiasts manage to make a UAZ on low-pressure tires with their own hands, turning it into an excellent all-terrain vehicle that is not afraid of muddy roads or snow blockages.

Hunter on low pressure tires

Advantages of installing low-pressure tires on UAZ

Let's look at the benefits we get by installing low-pressure tires on the UAZ:

• significantly improves the patency of the car;
• tires of such a plan increase the grip patch with the ground;
• in such cases, special lugs can be installed that make the car more squat;
• the use of this type of rubber reduces the negative impact on the soil, which is very important in terms of environmental performance;
• there has been an increase ground clearance, which inevitably happens when tires with low pressure are installed.

Advantages of installing low-pressure tires on UAZ

Disadvantages of installing low-pressure tires on UAZ

However, tuning of this kind has its drawbacks. These could be the following factors:

• to install such wheels, you will need to make a number of serious changes to the design of the car. This is quite labor-intensive and entails significant financial costs;
• a higher location of the center of gravity of the vehicle negatively affects its stability;
• when it comes to driving on asphalt, you should consider that it wears low-pressure tires a lot. Therefore, all-terrain vehicles of this kind are not recommended for frequent and long-term movement on asphalt surfaces;

Disadvantages of low pressure tires on UAZ

• You also have to be careful with speed. Low pressure tires are not designed for high-speed movement - here the main task is driving on off-road surfaces and overcoming obstacles;
• increase in the load on the transmission units should be taken into account. When driving on soils that require high profile treads, critical load values ​​\u200b\u200bmay occur.

What you need to consider when altering a car

If you decide to convert your UAZ into an all-terrain vehicle by installing wheels with low pressure tires, you will have to take into account some factors:

• be prepared for the fact that you will have to make a number of major changes to the transmission, axles and body parts of your car. This is especially important when it comes to reworking cars like the "loaf". UAZ "Patriot" on low-pressure tires will require much less design changes than a "loaf". This is due to the fact that at the time when the old models were produced, they were not yet used modern technologies and materials;

The choice of tires for UAZ

• When choosing rubber, it is very important to consider the temperatures in which they are planned to operate. For summer and winter use vehicle, you will need at least two sets of tires;

• rubber for low pressure does not have a clear division into summer and winter options. For winter, species are used that do not become hard at low temperatures. This can adversely affect the patency of the vehicle;
• When choosing a tread pattern, remember that "deeper" does not always mean "better". Increasing the depth of the pattern puts more strain on the transmission - take into account the ground you plan to travel on and choose best option drawing depth.

All work on the manufacture of an all-terrain vehicle based on a UAZ car can be divided into several conditional stages. Let's take them in turn:

1. We choose the basis. If there is no UAZ in the garage suitable for turning into an all-terrain vehicle, we will have to find the right base. Remember that the older the model, the more changes will have to be made.
2. We make the rear axle and suspension. Here it is better to use an independent design. Its manufacture will entail an increase in labor costs, but this will increase the throughput of the machine. Suspension connects with rear axle special rack and steering sleeve.
3. Fasten to the wheel suspension. Metal hubs are needed here. We can use cameras from trucks like Ural.
4. We select the engine, carry out installation and design the cooling system.
5. After installing the engine, we mount the exhaust and brake system and grip. We install the headlights and connect all the wiring.
6. We carry out all the necessary tests of the received all-terrain vehicle, eliminate shortcomings and defects. After making all the corrections and positive test results, we can consider the work completed - our all-terrain vehicle is ready to overcome difficulties.

Works on the manufacture of an all-terrain vehicle based on a UAZ car

Conclusion

Alteration of a UAZ car for low-pressure tires- This is a whole complex of works to improve the design.

The people nicknamed this Russian SUV "loaf" for its unattractive appearance. However, even with such an outdated design, the machine has a high cross. The motor runs flawlessly, breaks very rarely. Today, it, as before, is produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant.

The main customers of the Loaf were:

• Ambulance,
• timber industry,
• Agriculture.

Of course, the difficult conditions in which the car has to work have forced manufacturers to produce models with enhanced performance. Of course, this is not required for urban conditions, but for rural areas it is simply impossible to do without off-road capability.

Autumn or spring will come, the roads will turn into an impenetrable swamp. Only a "loaf" is able to work in such extreme conditions.

What wheels are installed on UAZ

At the factory, 225/75 R16 wheels are installed on the car. In previous years, the car was equipped with 235 / 74R15 wheels. The rim diameter for any type of wheel size should be in the 29-33 inch range. If you set just such dimensions, you do not need to change the design of the car. Fastening steel disk should measure 5×139.7.

Some owners have fitted R17 tires with low profile tires. Today, any tire can be purchased on the market, so this practice is no longer used today.

When vehicle overloaded, the suspension is under maximum pressure. Sometimes even a normal tire starts to touch the wheel arch. This situation does not cause a negative effect. The rubber remains undamaged.

Imported rubber

A sufficiently large number of foreign-made wheels can be installed on UAZ. Approximately 30 kinds are suitable for standard installation. Their cost varies between 5 - 13 thousand rubles.

Bridgestone 694 wheels with dimensions 235/70 R16 can be called the most suitable in terms of price and quality. This tire is designed for asphalt roads and is not suitable for off-road driving. It is sold for 7.5 thousand rubles.

For tires designed for driving on rural roads, you will have to pay 9 thousand rubles. The Dunlop MT2 model, which measures 225/75 R16, is considered the most suitable for this purpose.

It can be driven on wet clay and off-road. The wheels are self-cleaning. They can also be used on asphalt roads. The only downside is the increased noise. For one wheel you will have to pay 7.8 thousand rubles. A little more expensive Winter tires with the same dimensions (8-14 tons).

UAZ Patriot

For this machine, the industry produces several types of rubber:

• Universal - refers to the all-season group.
• Mud - designed for driving on Russian off-road.
• Extreme - designed for driving in areas where there are no roads at all.
• Winter - for driving on bare ice and icy roads.
• Normal - factory tires. Can be used in city limits.

Many owners strive to make her Patriot look more attractive. They start tuning. In such cases, you can put wheels from other manufacturers, if their dimensions completely match the factory ones:

• 245/75 R16 = 30.5×9.5 R16;
• 265/70 R16 = 30.5×10.5 R16.

When extreme driving UAZ tires can be supplied in the following sizes:

• 320/70 R15 = 33×12.5 R15,
• 320/80 R15 = 35×12.5 R15.

It is very important to maintain proportionality between the height of the arch and the size of the wheel. If you install very large wheels, the car will become very unattractive. They will begin to get fender liner, constantly rub, will put pressure on the frame. This must not be allowed.

Tuning all-terrain vehicle UAZ 469

Almost all UAZ cars are SUVs and all-terrain vehicles, and every owner of such a car dreams of wheels of the appropriate type. Standard factory wheels on UAZ do not allow the car to demonstrate all its off-road capabilities. The maximum that they are capable of is trips on city roads and country bumps.

Although, for example, the UAZ 469 car is designed for more serious tests, such as real taiga with swamps, swamps and hills.

Are big wheels always good for UAZ?

Undoubtedly changing standard tires to large, the driver hopes for improvement driving performance your car. Men dream that their UAZ 469 will look more brutal, and beautiful wheels will complement the picture of a powerful exterior. Sometimes the car owner himself does not understand why he needs it. You just need to make big wheels, and that's it.

A change in wheel diameter of more than 5 cm is considered significant, because a smaller size does not give any noticeable rearrangements. In addition, a slight increase in the wheel does not require a mandatory change in the design of the car and does not affect the undercarriage and manageability. But if you increase the tire size by 10% or more, then the behavior of the car becomes completely different. The increase in wheels on the UAZ 469 primarily leads to costs related not only to the purchase of wheels and tires. We have to intervene in other elements of the car.

What are the advantages of big wheels for UAZ 469?

1. Increasing the clearance of the car. This improves cross-country ability and increases the angle of entry to a large hill.
2. Better grip on the road with a wider tire. This improves off-road, snowy and sandy terrain.
3. Large tires have an impressive thickness, so it is very difficult to damage them mechanically.
4. Due to the peculiarity of the structure of such wheels, the likelihood of damage to the disk is reduced.
5. Increased wear resistance, due to which the tire will last almost 2 times longer than the regular one.

On such wheels it is more difficult to maintain balance

What are the disadvantages of such large wheels?

1. Without preliminary preparation of the car for external changes change of standard regular wheels can lead to imbalance. The load on the transmission increases and the resource of its parts is reduced.
2. The ability of the engine to quickly accelerate the car is reduced. This is due to the reduction in gear ratio due to the increase in wheel diameter. This is especially noticeable if the motor already has little power.
3. Once on a rut, a car with large wheels resists it worse.
4. The braking system is less efficient.
5. Fuel consumption increases and the speedometer often lies.
6. Not every tire shop specializes in repairing such wheels.
7. Prices for large wheels are significantly higher than for standard ones.

Characteristics of standard tires on the UAZ 469

Standard tires for any UAZ vehicle have their own characteristics, as they are considered light trucks. The machine itself has increased cross-country ability and the wheels, respectively, should be the same. It is important that the trip on a regular road is also comfortable, so any wheel on an UAZ must be universal. In addition, tires must meet quality requirements. Each driver hopes that the tires will serve him for at least 2-3 seasons.

When choosing wheels, a motorist first of all pays attention to the classification of rubber. It is divided into types according to purpose:

• for asphalt and flat road;
• off-road (use outside the city);
• winter special tires for SUVs with formula 4x4.

Standard tire size for UAZ

Since the UAZ 469 is intended not only for urban asphalt roads, but also for off-road, the main part of which is dirt, it is given Special attention the presence of the MUD marking on the tire. This designation indicates the ability of the tire to overcome mud, clay, swamps and swamps without problems.

Before changing the standard factory tires of a UAZ car to larger and more powerful ones, it is necessary to consult with specialists and prepare the car for changes.

Rubber options for UAZ vehicles

foreign manufacturers.

1. Mud Terrain. Wheels designed specifically for difficult off-road areas. Differ in special durability and endurance. Available in the range of 15-16.5 inches.
2. Tires of the company "Continental". Excellent on sandy roads and when traveling through mud. The cost is cheaper than previous tires, but they are inferior to them in strength and endurance. The size range is from 17 to 25 inches.
3. Mickey Thompson Baja CLAW Radial have an aggressive appearance. Designed to overcome difficult areas of mud off-road.
4. Pirelli Scorpion MUD- tires designed specifically for UAZ vehicles. They have high athletic potential. It is this rubber that is chosen to participate in international rallies. Perfectly copes with slippery roads and ordinary asphalt. It has a good silent tread and keeps perfect stability even at high speed.

domestic analogues.

Tire tread Bel 24

1. F 201. Product of the Volga Tire Plant. Tire low-profile diagonal. The specific pattern provides high cross-country ability in both directions (forward and backward) in off-road and snow conditions. Gives high stability and colossal traction. It does not withstand high speeds, therefore it is intended only for travelers.
2. And 502 Nizhnekamsk manufacturer. Excellent cross-country ability on any roads, good stability, high resistance to mechanical damage, low noise level. All season tires cope with both ice and wet snow.
3. And 520. They are distinguished by special softness and dynamism. Such wheels are ideal for UAZ 469 cars. Good behavior both on clean asphalt and on wet sand. They don't slip in the mud.
4. And 506. It has self-cleaning properties. Great for any kind of snow. Resistant to mechanical damage. You can use anti-slip spikes in winter. Among the shortcomings, owners of UAZ 469 cars note increased rigidity in I506 rubber.
5. Bel 24. Tires are almost silent. Confidently keep the road. Pass sand, snow, clay, ice, master overcoming a large gauge.

All types of tires have their own advantages and disadvantages. Each car owner chooses tires based on their personal requirements and capabilities. Someone manages to choose the first time, and someone finds the perfect tires by trial and error. In addition, someone needs a UAZ as a city guide, and someone needs it as a country all-terrain vehicle.

But buying UAZ wheels is not even half the battle. They need to be properly installed, and everything else and be able to care for them. If tires are purchased used, they will require special attention.