UAZ Loaf: specifications and performance characteristics differ depending on the selected modification (409, 452, 452 A, 452 D). This vehicle has been produced by the Ulyanovsk plant since 1965.

Front and rear axle

The rear axle UAZ-452A includes such elements as:

• safety valve;
• differential bearing;
• adjusting pads;
• adjusting ring;
• rear pinion bearing;
• thrust washer and drive gear;
• oil ring.

The drive gear is located on two support frames in the form of an angular contact roller bearing. The driven gear is attached to the box flange with four satellites. The differential is located in the crankcase and on the bridge cover.

For Maintenance to the bridge rear type it is necessary to fill in 1-1.5 liters of oil, raise the entire mechanism with a jack and start the power unit so that the oil liquid heats up. Parts are recommended to be washed with kerosene.

The UAZ-452 front axle onboard includes a crankcase, which is equipped with protective covers and semi-axial devices. Safety valves are located on the casings that regulate the pressure level oily liquid in system. Along the edges of the casing there are pivot assemblies with ball bearings. The design feature of this bridge is to connect the hub of the wheel mechanism with the semi-axle. To do this, a clutch is installed here, which ensures the transmission of torque from the differentials to the wheels.

Also, the design of this bridge includes the main gear and differential, which consists of a pinion gear and satellites.

During the execution of work, the front drive axle has a load of 675 kg, and the rear axle - 400 kg.

Transfer case and gearbox

The transfer device UAZ-452D consists of drive shafts of drive axles and intermediate shafts. This also includes gears located in the crankcase, the body of which is made of cast iron. All these parts are connected to the crankcase cover.

You need to use the distributor like this:

1. Connect the front drive axle. This is necessary to turn on the gears.
2. Start the power unit.

The whole mechanism is located on two ball bearings, which allows you to protect the transfer case from arbitrary movement. Oil in the dispenser must be poured in an amount of not more than 2 liters.

UAZ-452 - the transmission device includes the following mechanisms:

1. UAZ five-speed gearbox equipped with intermediate shaft drive gears.
2. Crankcase, locknut, intermediate shaft.
3. Protective cover and casing.
4. A clutch that is used to disengage a hitch.
5. Roller bearing of driven shaft.
6. Synchronizer clutch.
7. Fasteners.
8. The control lever, which is necessary for shifting gears.
9. Reverse gear axle.
10. Locking and adjusting screw of the axial mechanism.
11. Spacer sleeve.

Almost all motorists know that the car has an engine cooling system. UAZ Loaf or 452 is equipped with a simple design power unit, and therefore the remaining systems have simple design features.

Purpose of the cooling system

The UAZ Loaf engine cooling system is designed to cool the engine during operation. Thus, the cooling elements remove the generated heat from the cylinder block and head with the help of coolant and cool it in the radiator.

During operation, the power unit of the car heats up to extreme temperatures, and if there is no cooling, the engine parts will simply overheat and deform. Although, such situations also occur in the presence of a coolant system, in the event that it is not in working condition or one of the important elements is out of order.

The operating temperature of the engine on the UAZ Loaf is 80-100 degrees Celsius. It is in this interval that the thermostat opens to big circle cooling.

Because on this car an electric fan is not provided, but there is a forced cooling system, then additional cooling of the radiator is always on.

The power unit may overheat if one of the cooling elements fails. First, an easy stage will come, at which the motor will simply boil. But, there can be serious consequences, such as deflection and deformation of the cylinder head. At this stage, the situation can be corrected by the usual grinding of the surface of the head of the block.

At the middle stage, engine elements can be deformed. This may include valve train. Subsequently, the block head will need overhaul, and this will come out to a considerable penny to the owner vehicle.

The hardest stage is when it collapses piston group from intense heat. But, and this is not the worst thing that can happen, because if the coolant enters the car's cylinders, then the engine will overtake a water hammer, in which the overhaul does not always save.

Coolant system diagram

The scheme of the UAZ engine cooling system is quite simple, it is of a closed type with forced circulation of the coolant. The "cooler" circulates around the radiator, passing the water pump and thermostat into the cooling jacket, and then returns.

Consider the cooling scheme of the power unit on UAZ vehicles, and in particular on the engine marked 452:

Element of the cooling system

The main elements of the cooling system of the UAZ Loaf 452 power unit are well-known parts: a radiator, a fan, a water pump, a thermostat, pipes, a water jacket and a temperature sensor. Also, part of the design is a heater.

So, let's consider what the main elements of engine cooling are, their structure and operation, as well as repair and refinement.

Radiator and fan

On UAZ vehicles, 3-row copper or aluminum radiators can be installed, which provide maximum cooling of the liquid. Since the operation of the elements is quite long, the cooling process of the power unit is not always the same as it should be.

In this case, this is due to the clogging of the channels inside the element. Often, regular cleaning does not help, and increased wear makes cracks in the tubes, which the owners actively seal, not wanting to buy new parts. The main purpose of the radiator is to cool the liquid that circulates from the engine with the help of wind flow.

The cooling system fan on the Loaf is forced, mounted on a pulley and runs constantly until crankshaft spinning. Many motorists upgrade this system and install electric fans, which are often turned on by the driver himself according to the temperature readings on the dashboard.

Water pump

Pump UAZ mechanical drive. The main purpose of the element is to smoothly circulate the coolant through the system. So, the water pump ensures the flow of fluid into the radiator for cooling and vice versa. A malfunction of this element can lead to the loss of the "cooler" and overheating of the engine.

Thermostat

The main structural element is the thermostat. It circulates the liquid and serves as a switch between the small and large circle in the system. To warm up the vehicle, the element is kept closed. Upon reaching 80 degrees Celsius, it begins to open, which ensures the circulation of fluid through the radiator.

The main malfunction can be considered a jamming of the element, which can lead to overheating of the motor, since, as practice shows, the thermostat is stuck in a small circle, and, accordingly, there will be no additional cooling and liquid flow through the radiator.

Pipes and water jacket

Pipes - a means of moving fluid through the system from the engine and its elements to the radiator and vice versa. The failure of these elements leads to the loss of "coolant", which, in turn, lowers the level of coolant in the system, and this is a direct path to overheating.

Water jacket - design features of the block head and cylinder block. It is through these holes that the coolant flows, which takes heat for cooling. With a long service life, especially on water, corrosion can form inside the walls, which will lead to leakage and loss of fluid.

temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on the Loaf is not the same as most motorists are used to seeing. This is an old-style element that does not include an electric fan, since a forced system is installed here, but simply outputs to dashboard temperature indicators.

Conclusion

As you can see, the scheme of the UAZ Loaf (452) engine cooling system is quite simple. It is easily repaired, and broken parts are changed without much difficulty. This assembly consists of components - a radiator, a fan, a water pump, a thermostat, pipes, a water jacket and a temperature sensor.

The coolant sensor is fundamentally different from modern ones, since it does not turn on the fan, but simply shows the temperature of the "cooler".

Almost all Ulyanovsk-made SUVs are equipped with a transfer case. UAZ ("loaf") is no exception. Despite the unsightly appearance, this car is capable of much. This is a favorite car of hunters, fishermen, lovers of tourism. The UAZ dispenser (“loaf”), the device of which we will consider in this article, is necessary to distribute the torque to all axles and drive mechanisms. In today's article, we will talk about it.

Dispensing device UAZ-452

The UAZ-452 car consists of drive shafts for drive axles, an intermediate one, and five gears. All these nodes are in the crankcase, cast iron. Its connector is perpendicular to the axes of the shafts. The bulk of the parts are in connection with the crankcase cover. When assembling / disassembling the box, they are clearly visible. They are easy to remove or install.

This assembly is such that the gears are only activated when the front drive axle is connected. If only the axle is engaged, all the torque taken from the gearbox input shaft will be transmitted to the rear drive shaft. The end of the gearbox output gear is used as the drive shaft.

Rear axle drive shaft

What does the UAZ dispenser consist of, what are the features? This shaft is mounted on two ball bearings. To protect the element from axial movement, it is held by a rear bearing with a thrust ring and a cover. A gear is attached to the front of the shaft. Its inner crown has slots. The function of this gear is to drive the front drive axle. Internal splines are required to enable direct transmission in the transfer case.

A screw-type gear is also installed on the splines between the bearings. It serves as a drive for the speedometer. The rear part of the shaft is connected to the cardan shaft through a flange with a nut with a conical protrusion. If this nut is tightened, its conical protrusion will bend into one of the grooves that are threaded and lock.

intermediate shaft

This element is also held in the box by two bearings. Roller is used as the front. It is of the radial type. The clip, in which the rollers are located, is pressed into the body. It is hidden by a cover. The inner race is mounted directly on the shaft. The second bearing (rear) is held on the intermediate shaft with a nut. The element is equipped with a thrust ring, which serves to fix it, as well as to fasten the shaft in the housing. The outer part of the bearing is equipped with a cover. The intermediate shaft is a single piece with the underdrive gear. It also has slots for installing gears. It allows you to turn on the rear drive axle.

Razdatka UAZ ("loaf") - front axle drive shaft device

This gearbox is also equipped with this shaft. It is installed in the mechanism on two supports. The latter are ball type bearings. To fix the shaft in the direction of the axis, a rear bearing is fixed on it. It is installed in the same way as the one on the intermediate shaft.

The front support in the box body is not fixed. The element is clamped on the shaft with a flange cardan shaft. The drive element of the front axle is a one-piece part with a gear. The front has slots. With the help of them, the shaft is connected to the flange on the cardan shaft.

Gears

What other elements does the dispenser consist of? UAZ (“loaf”), the transfer device of which is described in the article, is equipped with gears with a straight tooth. The presenter has the ability to move along the splines on the gearbox output shaft. This gear has two crowns. One is an involute type spline. They are used to connect direct transmission through the inner ring of the drive shaft of the rear drive axle. When the driver turns on, this gear will engage with the one on the intermediate shaft.

What else is special about this giveaway? UAZ, the transfer device of which we are now considering, is equipped with a gear to turn on the front axle of the car. It is planted in such a way that it can move on splines located on the intermediate shaft. When front axle disconnected, the gear with the shaft is disconnected. At the same time, it is engaged with the drive shaft. rear axle. This feature greatly facilitates gear shifting and contributes to more quality lubrication. When the intermediate shaft rotates, the gear sprays oil on all nodes.

Transfer case UAZ

The crankcase, as well as its cover, are connected to the box with studs and nuts. Holes for connection are located around the perimeter. Their accuracy and compatibility is ensured by two tubular type pins. Process the crankcase and its cover together. These parts cannot be exchanged for others from other crankcases. The front part has a precision-machined surface and a flange for mounting the transfer case on the gearbox.

The crankcase has a top hole. A thrust glass is installed in it by pressing. The latter rests against the outer part of a double-row angular contact type bearing, which is mounted on the drive shaft. There is a hatch at the top of the crankcase. It is closed with a lid.

The hatch is designed for mounting the power take-off mechanism. On the inclined surface of the crankcase, there is a hole on top for installing control levers, as well as rods for the transfer case control system. The hatch for filling and draining the grease is closed with conical type threaded plugs.

Switch mechanism device

So, we examined how the UAZ dispenser is arranged. The transfer device is practically no different from the boxes on other cars. Now let's look at what the switching mechanism is.

So, the switching system consists of several main nodes. These are the shift fork rods, which are fixed in the crankcase cover with a locking plate. Also in the device there are forks for turning on the front drive axle and those gears that can move along the rods. The bodies of the plugs have special sockets. Springs and retainer balls are installed here.

In the process of moving along the rod, each of the forks is fixed on it with a special lock. On the lower parts there are special paws that fit into the grooves of the gears. On the upper parts there are rectangular recesses. With their help, the fork is connected to the levers for gear selection. What else is special about the distribution? UAZ ("loaf"), the gearbox of which we are considering, is made so that the shift levers are placed in separate covers. The parts are located on the inclined hatch of the crankcase and are attached to the rod with pins.

The front ends of the rod are equipped with fingers, with which they are connected to the rods. In the front part of the cover, the holes for the rods are sealed. In the back, they are closed with spherical plugs. Between the rods is a small ball. It functions as a lock. The mechanism prevents the driver from engaging until the front drive axle is connected. Thus, the UAZ dispenser (“loaf”) was made. Its device is not complicated. The mechanism is quite reliable and maintainable, according to the reviews of car owners.

Distribution management

You can control the work with the help of levers. These levers in the cab are located to the right of the driver. There are two in total. The upper one is used to turn on and off the front drive axle. This lever only works in two positions. The top one turns the bridge on, and the bottom one turns it off.

The lower one is needed in order to change gears. It can be set in three positions - the driver selects a direct gear, neutral (middle position) and reduced. Here's how the dispenser turns on. UAZ ("loaf"), the device of the box of which we examined, has one more feature. It should be noted that the front axle is intended only for the operation of the vehicle in difficult conditions. It can be mud, sand, snow and any other situations.

Operation problems

Novice drivers may have difficulty with a UAZ car ("loaf"). The problems when turning on the front axle are due to the fact that many simply do not know how this mechanism really works. At the moment of overcoming difficult sections, wheel hubs should be included. After turning them into position all-wheel drive, the front axle will engage only after the wheel has made 1.5 revolutions without slipping.

Maintenance and repair

This is what a UAZ dispenser (“loaf”) is. The device, its repair is simple, and it is unpretentious in maintenance, as evidenced by the reviews of the owners. It is recommended to regularly check the oil level and inspect each fastener. It is also necessary to lubricate the lever axles and adjust the front links. This box has no other settings.

Very popular among off-road enthusiasts transfer case car UAZ-452. Reviews about her are only positive. It is extremely easy to repair and maintain, and spare parts can be purchased now.

Despite the fact that the Loaf is a rather old car that has been on the market for several decades, starting from the 60s of the last century, the car still has a lot of component components. At the same time, each system needs appropriate care, timely maintenance and repair as needed. To the number important components, whose role becomes most prominent in winter period, it is worth highlighting the heater. It cannot be said that the stove on the Loaf is some kind of modern or high-performance. Many complain about its low level of effectiveness. And this applies to the rear and front stove equally. Therefore, the equipment is changed quite often. But it would not be superfluous to study the device, the design of the Loaf's oven equipment, and also study the connection diagram of the electrical component, since the installation itself does not cause great difficulties.

The design of the stove UAZ Loaf.

Before getting acquainted with the scheme of the UAZ Loaf stove, you should study the main functions and design features of this equipment. It is important to note that in the case of the Loaf, a pair of stoves are used, which are divided into back and front. Since most motorists drive alone or only with a front passenger, they focus on the front system. As for the rear equipment, it is preferable to replace it with heater, which is much more effective in coping with its tasks. The task of the stove on the Loaf is no different from the heaters on any other car. That is, here the system exists to maintain the optimum temperature inside the vehicle. It is responsible for heating mainly in winter, and also works as a ventilation system, supplying air under the set due to the motor. Currently, most Loafs are operated with the NAMI heating system, which is characterized by increased productivity and decent efficiency indicators. Structurally, 3 main components of furnace equipment can be distinguished. The loaf heater consists of:

• radiator;
• fan;
• a device designed to distribute air flows.

The heater tap deserves special attention, which allows you to turn on and off the coolant circulation, thereby switching from the heat supply mode to the normal fan blowing the cabin. The oven system can operate in 2 modes:

• intake and supply of fresh air;
• recycling.

In the second mode, the temperature inside the cabin rises. To achieve an increase in temperature, it is necessary to close the air intakes, and then open the damper or heater faucet. If the motorist only needs fresh air blowing, then the manipulations are carried out in the reverse order. It is necessary to close the faucet of the stove, and open the air intakes.

The corresponding control unit is responsible for controlling the furnace system. The adjustment is assigned to the stove tap, which can acidify, jam and leak. In this regard, it often has to be changed. And not infrequently instead of the usual truck crane, intended for UAZ Loaf, motorists use plumbing equipment assembled according to a special scheme using adapters. In practice, it works better, longer and more efficiently than a regular crane.

Typical malfunctions

The stove used in the heating system of the UAZ Loaf car is characterized by several breakdowns that owners often have to deal with. The result of malfunctions is the failure of the furnace equipment, that is, the stove ceases to perform its functions. Heating stops, which leads to corresponding unpleasant situations during the winter period of operation of the Loaf. There are several main reasons why the stove on the Loaf may not heat up:

• damage has appeared in the channels intended for the passage of streams of heated or still cold air;
• there was an antifreeze leak;
• out of order stove tap ;
• the system is contaminated, which provokes a decrease in temperature when heating the cabin;
• a leak has formed in the heater faucet;
• the valve for the engine of the Loaf's heating system burned out.

If the system is completely out of order, repairing it is not always rational and financially feasible. When the Loaf stove has served for a long time, and at the same time it works frankly poorly, it will be the most correct solution.

Equipment replacement

If you decide to replace the heater yourself, you should first familiarize yourself with the scheme of the UAZ Loaf stove for connecting the electrical component. Mount the equipment itself, fixing it in a conditional engine compartment located inside the machine is not difficult. But even here certain rules and recommendations should be followed. The process will be considered using the example of using NAMI equipment, which is distinguished by better performance, and also boasts the presence, which is not in the regular Loaf heater.

• The first step is to drain the antifreeze from the system, and also disconnect all existing wiring. To make it easier to reassemble and connect, all your steps can be recorded or marked with wires, pipes and hoses;
• It is required to disconnect the console from the shield, then remove the heating unit, remove the air intake hatch, remove the seal and thoroughly clean all the openings that have opened;
• Take measurements under air filter by applying its body to the surface. Next, make a few mounting holes. Just do not use a drill with a diameter greater than 3.2 millimeters;
• At the installation site, apply a layer of a quality automotive universal sealant that is resistant to moisture and sudden temperature changes. Make the layer big enough. Install the filter housing and fix it. The filter itself can already be inserted into its seat;
• A new heater is installed in the salon. It is fixed with studs, nuts and an M6 bolt. Fasten everything as securely as possible;
• Then the console is installed, the entire structure is mounted on self-tapping screws;
• Then you can start connecting the control rod and fixing it;
• Connect all pipes through which antifreeze passes. For reliability, it is recommended to tighten them with clamps;
• Do not forget about the channels that allow you to blow the windows, avoiding fogging during the operation of the car in conditions of high humidity or precipitation. Windshields should be on every car. Whether it's the latest generation Mercedes or the good old UAZ Loaf;
• The installation is completed by connecting the electrical component. It has its own connection scheme, which should be considered separately.

In fact, there is nothing particularly difficult in changing the standard heating system at Loaf, and installing more efficient and productive equipment in place of the old stove.

The system will not be able to work and heat your Loaf if it does not receive power. There is a special scheme for connection. By acting consistently and carefully, you will be able to power the new stove without outside help and enjoy the efficient operation of the heater.

• First, choose a place to place the mass. The black wire is responsible for ground. It is fixed on any metal surface convenient for you. It is best to do mass on the body;
• The positive wire is next. When connecting it, first turn off the minus with battery so that the machine is not energized during the work;
• Plus, it is recommended to enclose in a corrugated shell. Then the wire is pulled to the safety block, that is, to the block on the Loaf;
• Please note that there are 4 fuses on the car in its block. The last, that is, the fourth, is constantly energized. You should connect to any of the first three. Only make the connection from above, in front of the standard fuse in the block;
• In principle, this connection of the electrical circuit can be considered complete. Be sure to first check the operability of the furnace equipment.

It is safe to say that the heating system used on UAZ Loaf vehicles has a fairly simple design and layout. Therefore, experienced motorists who are accustomed to doing maintenance, repairs and some modifications with their own hands should not have any problems understanding the Loaf heater. But it is extremely important to constantly monitor its performance, carry out preventive measures, monitor the condition and amount of coolant. Pay special attention to the most weak points stoves. The owners of Loaves themselves include regular faucets to them. The faucet often turns sour, jams and leaks. This is due to the long downtime of the faucet, which drivers simply forget to open periodically for purely preventive purposes.

About the book: Instruction. 1976 edition.
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Language: Russian
The size: 6.5 mb.
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This Operating Instructions for UAZ-452 vehicles is intended for personnel directly related to the use and storage of UAZ-452 vehicles and its modifications. Cars of the UAZ-452 family off-road with front and rear drive axles are designed for operation on roads of all classes. Ulyanovsk car factory produces cars following models:

Vans UAZ-452 and UAZ-452E intended for the transportation of industrial and food products. The all-metal closed body of the wagon type is divided by a partition into the driver's cab and cargo compartment. Loading and unloading can be done through the side and rear double doors. The UAZ-452E van differs from the car only in shielded electrical equipment.

Sanitary vehicles UAZ-452A and UAZ-452AE designed to transport patients and service ambulances medical care. They have the same body as a van, with a sanitary compartment separated by a partition. The sanitary compartment has side and rear double doors. Stretcher patients are admitted through back door. The UAZ-452AE vehicle has shielded electrical equipment.

Bus UAZ-452V designed to carry 10 passengers, not including the driver. Passengers boarding is carried out through the side door of the passenger compartment of the body.

Trucks UAZ-452D and UAZ-452DE are intended for wide use in the transportation of national economic goods. The driver's cab is double, all-metal, two-door, closed type. The platform is wooden, with three folding sides. The vehicle has shielded electrical equipment.

In order to fully use all the qualities of cars, it is necessary to comply with all the requirements set forth in this Instruction. Of particular importance are the factory instructions for running-in, which to a large extent determines the life of the vehicle.

1. Before preparing the vehicle for operation, the driver and mechanic must fully study this Manual.

2. If the car was in storage, then it is necessary to perform the work specified in the subsection “Removing the car from storage”.

3. For normal operation of the engine, A-72 or A-76 gasoline is required. When working on leaded gasoline, it should be borne in mind that it is highly toxic and causes poisoning. Leaded gasoline is colored yellow-orange or blue-green to distinguish it from regular gasoline.

4. It is obligatory to drain water from the cooling system through two taps with the radiator cap removed and the heater tap open

5. After starting a cold engine, do not immediately give it high speed. Can't start moving cold engine. The temperature of the coolant must be maintained within 80-90 degrees Celsius.

6. When driving on dry hard roads, turn off the front drive axle, and when driving for a long time on dry hard roads, it is recommended to turn off the front wheels. When the front wheels are off, it is not allowed to turn on the front drive axle.

7. For better running-in of engine and chassis parts during the first thousand kilometers of run (during the running-in period of the car), it is necessary to strictly follow all the instructions in the “Running in a new car” subsection and, in particular, not to exceed the speeds specified in this subsection.

8. For ease of maintenance of the engine, the sides of the hood are removable.

9. It is necessary to constantly monitor the water level in the radiator. It should be remembered that when the heater is turned on, the water level in the radiator drops. Therefore, after filling the heater radiator, it is necessary to add water to the cooling system. The absence of water in the upper tank of the radiator must not be allowed, as this will lead to the failure of the water temperature sensor placed here.

10. The plant draws the attention of consumers to the need to periodically check the external bolt fasteners and tighten them both during the break-in period and during further operation of the vehicle.

The plant is constantly improving the design of its vehicles, in connection with which the latest design changes that do not affect the rules of operation; may not be reflected in this edition of the Manual.