Wheeled tractors "Belarus" of the 80th series, to which the "MTZ-82.1" belongs, are the most massive tractors not only in the post-Soviet space, but throughout world history. These unpretentious, durable and reliable, like a Kalashnikov assault rifle, machines have firmly taken the leading places in agriculture and other industries in many countries of the world. What are the differences between the BelarusMTZ-82.1 tractor and other tractors of the 80th family; what are the features of its design and technical characteristics - later in this publication.

Wheeled universal row-crop tractors "Belarus MTZ-82.1" belong to 1.4 tons and are intended for any work in agriculture - from pre-sowing tillage to harvesting and transport operations. And also - for use in forestry, municipal services, in construction and industry.

Tractors "MTZ-82.1" are able to work effectively in a wide variety of climatic zones and soil conditions, including soils with low bearing capacity.

The 80th series of the Minsk Tractor Plant has been leading its glorious history since 1974. During the years of the so-called "perestroika" and the subsequent "great turmoil" of the 90s, the enterprise not only was not ruined, like most Soviet factories, but was also able to increase its production potential, launch updated and modernized versions of its best tractors.

Unlike "Belarus MTZ-80" and "80.1", the tractor "Belarus-82.1" is an all-wheel drive agricultural machine: wheel arrangement "4K4"; instead of the front axle - the front driving axle "PVM-72" connected as needed.

A significant difference between modifications "80.1" and "82.1" from the basic and "MTZ-82" is an enlarged and modernized cabin: modern machines it is large and comfortable; has an excellent overview and improved working conditions for the machine operator, and, importantly, meets the increased safety requirements of our time.

Tractor "MTZ-82.1" and seeder "SZ-3.6" (barley sowing).

The MTZ-82.1 tractor is designed to perform a full range of agricultural work with mounted, trailed and semi-trailed units and devices. And also for municipal, loading and unloading operations, transportation of various goods. When aggregated with the appropriate equipment, the MTZ-82.1 tractor is also successfully used in excavation and excavation work; hydrodrilling; forestry.

As additional options, on order for the MTZ-82.1 tractor, it is possible to install: a synchronized reverse gear, spacers for doubling the rear wheels, a bracket with front weights, rear wheel weights, a hydroficated trailer hook, a pendulum hitch, towing device, tires dimension "16.9 / R38"; "18.4/R34; "13.6-R20".

The design of Belarus MTZ-82.1 is semi-frame, like most other tractors of the Minsk Tractor Plant. The layout is traditional. The front semi-frame, consisting of a cast front beam and longitudinal forged spars, together with the bearing crankcases of the clutch housing, gearbox and rear axle, forms a solid frame of the tractor.

The diesel engine of the tractor is elastically mounted on the front beam by front supports through rubber shock absorbers, while the rear part of the engine is rigidly connected by the flywheel housing to the clutch housing.

To improve traction, when working with some types of agricultural equipment, it is possible to install ballast - additional weights on the front beam and (or) on the rear wheel disks.

Only the front wheels are steerable. To reduce pressure on the ground and improve the patency of tractors, the design provides for the possibility of doubling the rear wheels.

Tractors "MTZ-82.1" are equipped with engines of the Minsk Motor Plant. It's a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine working volume of 4.75 liters. WITH direct injection, not turbocharged (atmospheric). The power of this power unit is 59.6 kW (81 hp), at a nominal speed of 2200 rpm. The arrangement of the cylinders is in-line, vertical.

Engine torque at rated power is 258N.m; the maximum torque is 298 N.m. Cylinder diameter - 110 mm; piston stroke - 125 mm. The torque margin factor is 15 percent.

The engine has a combined lubrication system - parts are lubricated under pressure or by spraying. The lubrication system includes the engine oil sump, gear oil pump, cooling radiator and full-flow oil filter with safety valve.

Includes fuel pump low pressure(booster), high pressure fuel pump (TNVD), coarse and fine cleaning diesel fuel and fuel lines of low and high pressure.

The engine is equipped with an electric starter system. To ensure a confident start at low atmospheric temperatures, there is an electric torch start-up heating system installed on the intake manifold.

The main element of the engine air supply system is air filter with 2-stage air purification - dry centrifugal and oil inertial-contact.

Cooling of the motor "MMZ D-243" is carried out by forced circulation of the coolant from the centrifugal pump, which drives the V-belt from the pulley crankshaft. The fluid is cooled by passing through a radiator located at the front of the tractor, in front of the engine. The radiator is cooled by the air flow from the blade fan operating in a constant mode.

Acceleration of engine warm-up after start-up, as well as setting the optimal temperature regime, is achieved by a thermostat, p is engaged in regulating the flow of coolant.

The MTZ-82.1 tank holds 130 liters of diesel fuel. The specific fuel consumption is: at operating power - 229 g / kWh; at rated power - 226g / kWh.

"MTZ-82.1" is equipped with a friction single-disk permanently closed clutch with mechanical control. The clutch is disengaged by the corresponding pedal. The clutch driven disc has asbestos-free linings, and optionally. On request, a driven disk with the most wear-resistant ceramic-metal linings can be installed.

Tractor "MTZ-82.1" and cultivator "KPS-4".

Gearbox - mechanical, 9-speed, dual-range, with a two-stage reduction gear, not synchronized, provides movement in 18 forward gears and 4 reverse gears.

The maximum design speed of the tractors is 34.3 km/h, the minimum is 1.94 km/h. The design of the gearbox provides for the possibility of installing a hydraulic creeper.

The steering on the tractor is hydrostatic, with a dosing pump; having one hydraulic cylinder, which is located in the steering trapezoid. On request, the steering can be equipped with a hydromechanical booster.

The steering hydraulic system is powered by a left-hand gear hydraulic pump of the NSh-10 brand. A gerotor-type dosing pump is also used, without reaction on the steering wheel.

The wheel turning mechanism is an actuating hydraulic cylinder double action and steering trapezoid. Tractors of early releases were equipped with hydromechanical steering with hydraulic booster.

The brakes, both main and parking brakes, are disc, dry, mounted on the shafts of the drive gears of the final drives of the rear wheels. Brake control - mechanical, from the pedals, separate for the right and left sides. There is a pedal lock for the transport mode of movement.

The trailer brake drive is pneumatic, interlocked with the tractor brake control (two-wire on request). The pneumatic system is powered by a compressor mounted on the engine. The pressure in the pneumatic system is maintained by the regulator, within 0.65-0.8 MPa. Max weight towed trailer with interlocked trailer and tractor brakes is 9 tons.

The front drive axle is of a portal type, equipped with a self-locking limited slip differential. The following three modes of operation of the front axle are provided: off; turned on all the time; turns on automatically when the rear wheels slip. Axle type: split sliding beam. Type of wheel reducer - conical. The FDA drive is two cardan shaft with intermediate support. FDA control is mechanical.

Leading front axle tractor "Belarus MTZ-82.1" includes the main bevel gear, self-locking differential and final drives - two-stage bevel wheel gears. For some modifications (for example, "Belarus MTZ-82.1-23 / 12-23 / 32",) a front drive axle of increased bearing capacity with planetary spur gears.

"Belarus MTZ-82.1" with a bulldozer blade.

The front drive axle is driven by transfer box two cardan shafts with an intermediate support with an integrated safety clutch.

The front axle of the tractor has the ability to steplessly change the track of the front wheels, thanks to the use of retractable fists, on which pins with wheel axle shafts are installed.

Differential lock: with hydraulic control, it has two positions - forced on; off, with hydromechanical booster - 3 positions (+ automatic). The rear axle of the MTZ-82.1 tractor is composite, with a cylindrical wheel gear, main bevel gear, equipped with a lockable differential with four satellites and cylindrical final drives. The rear axle drive is permanent.

Tractor running system is equipped with pneumatic tires low pressure.

The working hydraulic system of MTZ-82.1 tractors is of a separate-aggregate type. The supply of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic tank is carried out by a gear pump "NSh-32" of right rotation with a volumetric flow of at least 45 liters per minute, at a rated speed of the engine shaft of 2200 rpm. The actuation pressure of the safety valve of the hydraulic system is 18-20 MPa.

For the most part, Belarus MTZ-82.1 tractors have a standard hydraulic system without a power regulator, which provides only height adjustment of the position of the implements. Such a system has two pairs of independent hydraulic outlets - on the right and left, and one duplicated pair at the rear of the tractor.

However, on some tractors of this brand, a more modern hydraulic system with a power position controller is also installed. It allows automatic regulation in both height, power and positional modes. This improves the quality of tillage and improves the working conditions of the machine operator. In such a system, there are three pairs of independent hydraulic outlets.

The maximum pressure in the hydraulic system is 200 kilograms per square centimeter. The gear type pump has a capacity of 45 liters per minute. The working volume of the pump is 32cm3/rev. Maximum pressure - 20 MPa. All hydraulic system holds 21 liters of liquid. An independent power take-off produces 570 rpm.

On tractors "Belarus MTZ-82.1" a three-point type rear hitch, brand "NU-2", with internal or external blocking of the lower links is installed. The carrying capacity of such a rear attachment on the suspension axis is at least 3200 kilograms.

To drive the working equipment of the Belarus MTZ-82.1 tractor, they are equipped with a rear power take-off shaft operating in an independent two-speed mode - 540 rpm (at an engine speed of 1632 rpm) and 1000 rpm (at an engine speed of 1673 rpm) or synchronous mode - 3.44 revolutions per meter of path). The direction of rotation of the shaft is clockwise.

V standard equipment"MTZ-82.1" tractors include an eight-tooth power take-off shaft shank for a standard speed of 540 rpm. And for a speed of 1000 rpm, it is necessary to install a twenty-one tooth shank.

Based on the MTZ-82.1 tractor.

Electrical equipment "MTZ-82.1"

The electrical equipment of the tractor consists of generator set power of 700 W with a rectified voltage of 14 V, a starting system with a starter of 12 V, a power of 4 kW and an electric torch heater. On request, they are equipped with a 24 V starting system, with a 6 kW starter.

In addition to working with agricultural equipment, the MTZ-82.1 tractors are widely used as basic machines for performing the most a wide range works in the unit with bulldozer, excavation, loading, utility and other equipment in construction, utilities, industry, as well as in transport work and for driving various stationary machines.

"Belarus MTZ-82.1" stacker.

Here is an extensive but far from full list working equipment for aggregation with "MTZ-82.1":

• In agriculture - plows, harrows, cultivators, seeders, fertilizer spreaders, cultivators and hillers, hay mowers, balers, haystackers, cat-planters / diggers, rakes-tedders, transport trailers.
• In forestry - log grabs, loaders.
• In construction and municipal services - front loaders, excavation attachments, utility and construction bulldozer blades, drilling rigs, hydraulic hammers, sweepers, ice breakers, tank trailers, gritters, mounted vacuum cleaners, lifting booms, auger equipment for snow removal.

Specifications in numbers

• Overall dimensions: length (according to the outer diameters of the wheels) - 3.93 m; length (with rear hitch in transport position and front weights) - 4.12 m; width - 1.97 m; height - 2.8 m.
• Base - 2.45 m; front track - from 1.43 to 1.99 m; rear track - from 1.4 to 2.1 m.
• The smallest radius of the turning circle is 4.5 m (with braking of the rear inner wheel).
• Ground clearance: under the front axle - 645 mm; under the rear axle - 465 mm.
• The depth of the ford to be overcome is 0.85 m.
• Front tire sizes - 11.2 / R20; rear wheels - 15.5 / R38.
• Structural weight - 3.75 t; weight in the state of shipment from the factory - 3.85 tons; operating weight - 4 tons; maximum allowable weight - 6.5 tons.
• The distribution of the load of the operating weight on the bridges: 1.34 tons - on the front axle; 2.66 t - on the back.
• The specific ground pressure is 140kPa.
• The load capacity of the hydraulic system is 3.2 tons.
• The maximum weight of the towed trailer is 9 tons.
• Actual speed: transport - up to 35 km/h; working - up to 16 km / h.

The cabin of the tractor "Belarus MTZ-82.1" is larger and more comfortable than that of previous related models. It complies with modern safety requirements "ROPS", "OESD". Equipped with air filtration systems, interior heater. Equipped with more effective dust, vibration and noise insulation.

Opening side windows are provided in the MTZ-82.1 cab; rear glass and sunroof.

In the cab "MTZ-82.1", at the workplace of the machine operator.

V basic configuration the cab of the MTZ-82.1 tractor is single, but an additional seat can be installed on special order.

Fuel consumption per hour of MTZ tractors is a value that depends on the influence of many factors. Many farm equipment owners believe that their machines are running out of fuel and are eager to know the exact figure that would serve as a benchmark.

Polls and debates on forums regarding the fuel consumption rate of MTZ 82 and MTZ 82.1 show that it is not possible to obtain an exact value, two identical machines operating literally a few kilometers from each other show figures that differ in liters per hour of work.

The average value of the MTZ fuel consumption rate for plowing is from 5 to 12 liters of diesel fuel per hour of operation.

It is clear that such a spread does not suit many, so they prefer to use a special formula or a table with standards when calculating.

Fuel consumption per hour MTZ 82 - calculation formula

You can estimate the cost of diesel fuel during the operation of the Belarus 82 tractor in kilograms of the model by calculating it using the formula:

P - the desired value;

0.7 is a constant coefficient for converting motor power from kilowatt hours to horsepower;

The average density of the fuel, determined by the specialists of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia, is 0.840 kg / liter, so it is necessary to additionally multiply the obtained value by 0.84.

R - specific fuel consumption, measured in gkW / h (can vary from 220 to 260 gkW / h, usually the number is indicated in the annotation for operation or in technical description tractor).

N - engine power in Horse power Oh.

Fuel consumption for MTZ 82 and MTZ 82.1 per hour can be determined as follows: Р=0.7*230*75=12 kg/h or 10.8 l/hour.

The fuel consumption of MTZ 82 per 1 ha is calculated just as simply - it is necessary to determine how much a hectare of land is cultivated in a particular case and multiply by this figure.

Remember that this figure is the ideal flow rate, i.e. that's how it works new tractor with a finely tuned fuel system. In reality, this value is influenced by many factors, including random ones.

MTZ 82 - what affects fuel consumption per 100 km

The “average” fuel consumption can be increased by:

• Attachments, including those not designed for the power plant of the unit;
• Motor malfunctions;
• Malfunctions and malfunctions in the fuel system;
• travel speed vehicle;
• Types of work performed - plowing, transportation of heavy loads and so on;
• Engine type - on the MTZ 82 and MTZ 82.1 models. can be installed power units D-240, D-243 and their modifications;
• Connection / disconnection all-wheel drive;
• Working at elevated or low gears, the general style of driving a tractor;
• “Difficult” soils;
• Depth of tillage, soil moisture;
• Low quality of fuels and lubricants;
• Weather.

It is possible to reduce the loss of diesel fuel during the operation of the Belarus MTZ 82 tractors by properly setting the fuel system nozzles, avoiding the manner of “aggressive” driving, and maintaining the tractor and attachments/trailing equipment in good working order. technical condition.

The influence of many factors leads to the fact that the figure "jumps", however, such "jumps" significantly complicate the planning and control of fuel consumption.

For a guideline, you can use the average fuel consumption values ​​​​of MTZ 82, 82.1 tractors, established in 2012 for the products of the Minsk Tractor Plant by the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus. These norms can be transferred to Russian reality.p>

Fuel consumption rate for MTZ 82 tractor - average values

The regulatory document discusses the main options for using tractors Belarus MTZ 82 and MTZ 82.1, provided that they work on soils of “medium” severity in acceptable weather conditions.

For cars with D-243 engines:

MTZ-82 with trailer PSE-F-12.5;

• transport mode - 7.7 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode (with the front drive axle off) - 7 l/machine-hour.

MTZ-82 with PL-7 trolley and Nokka hydraulic manipulator - 7.3 l/machine-hour. MTZ-82;

• transport mode with trailer 2PTS-4 - 6.8 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with trailer 2PTS-4.5 - 7.0 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with trailer 2PTS-5 - 7.5 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with a sweeper Brodway Wasa 3000 - 11.0 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode - 5.5 l/machine-hour;
• sweeping with a brush - 4.3 l/machine-hour;
• snow removal with a blade - 6.6 l/machine-hour;
• snow removal with a blade and a brush - 6.9 l / machine-hour.

MTZ-82.1 with watering machine MP-5A;

• transport mode - 6 l/machine-hour;
• pump operation 32-3A - 5 l/machine-hour;
• operation of the pump NPO-60M2 - 4.6 l / machine-hour.

• transport mode - 5.5 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with trailer 2PTS-4 - 6.8 l/car-hour;
• transport mode with trailer 2PTS-4.5 - 7.0 l/car-hour;
• transport mode with trailer 2PTS-5 - 7.5 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with trailer PSE-F-12.5V - 6.5 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with trailer PST-9 - 8.0 l/car-hour;
• transport mode with trailer PST-11 - 10.4 l/machine-hour;
• transport mode with platform PTK-10-2 - 9.4 l/machine-hour;
• sweeping with a brush - 4.3 l / machine-hour;
• snow removal with a brush - 6.3 l/machine-hour;
• snow removal with a blade - 6.6 l / car-hour;
• snow removal with a blade and a brush 6.9 l/car-hour;
• transport mode with wood waste chopper IDO-25 "Iveta" - 5.5 l/machine-hour;
• operation of the wood waste chopper IDO-25 "Iveta" - 4.8 l / machine-hour;
• woodchip production at the DDO plant - 3.6 l/machine-hour;
• work with a cutter - 4.2 l / machine-hour;
• swath work - 7.5 l/machine-hour;
• work with a flat cutter - 8.0 l / machine-hour;
• mowing grass with a KDN-210 mower - 5.7 l/machine-hour;
• removal of the asphalt concrete bed with a milling cutter FD-400S - 5.8 l/machine-hour.

MTZ-80 "Belarus" refers to the universal row crop wheeled tractors. It was produced in Minsk tractor factory. The first copy of this model rolled off the assembly line in 1974. The production of the MTZ-80 "Belarus" does not stop at the present time (in the 2000s, the tractor was renamed "Belarus-80"). The model itself is a deep modernization of the MTZ-50, which was produced earlier. The level of unification of assembly units, elements and individual parts for these tractors is 70%. MTZ-80 is designed in a layout traditional for this family: front engine, large rear wheels that are driving, small steering front wheels and a semi-frame design. The model is produced exclusively in the rear-wheel drive version.

The tractor has several different modifications that differ in transmission ratios, external design, the size of the agrotechnical clearance, the attachment points for the equipment, the engine start option, the systems for ensuring functionality on steep slopes and the type of rubber used.

Together with the T-40 and DT-75, the MTZ-80 model can be safely attributed to the most popular among tractors throughout the Soviet Union. In the fall of 2012, this technique participated in a rally of Baltic farmers held in Brussels.

The history of the MTZ-80 "Belarus" is very interesting. The creation of the model began with the order of the Council of Ministers regarding the development of universal row-crop equipment with a 75-80-horsepower engine, belonging to the 1.4th thrust class. To minimize the cost of re-equipping factories for the production of MTZ-80 and speed up its creation, it was decided to modernize the MTZ-50 model. The design of the machine received many significant changes: a redesigned engine with more power, a new cabin and skin. Tests of the upgraded tractor were successfully completed in 1972. Two years later, the first MTZ-80 appeared, and a year later its tracked version, the T-70, was created.

These tractors are designed for road construction, loading and unloading and other special works. The versatility of using the model has greatly increased due to the increase in its cross-country ability, traction and grip qualities and agrotechnical indicators.

The high technical and economic parameters of the MTZ-80 made it popular not only in the USSR (Russia), but also abroad. This model is exported to 70 countries of the world.

• The MTZ-80 was equipped with a D-240 engine with a nominal power of 80 (58.8) hp. (kW).
• With this configuration, the fuel consumption of the tractor was 238 (185) g / kW per hour (g / hp per hour), which is equal to 4-7 liters per hour, fuel tank held 130 liters.
• The equipment accelerated to 34.31 km / h.
• Overall dimensions of the model: length - 3815 mm, width - 1970 mm, height - 2470 mm. Structural weight - 3160 kilograms, ground clearance- 470 mm.

Engine

The model was equipped with four-cylinder four-stroke engines D-240 and D-243, consuming diesel fuel. They belonged to the 4Ch11 / 12.5 family. Produced motors for MTZ-80 Minsk Motor Plant.

The engine displacement was 4.75 liters. He developed a power of 80 (82) "horses" at a speed of 2200 rpm. The mass of the engine was 430 kilograms. These variants of the units had a semi-divided combustion chamber made in the piston, and liquid cooling. In some variants, a PZHB-200B preheater was installed.

The tractor engine is started by means of an electric starter for versions D-240/243 or through a starting carburetor 10-horsepower PD-10 engine for variants -240L/243L. The starting and main motors were put into operation directly from the cockpit. When the gear was engaged, an engine start blocking was provided. An electric torch heater facilitated starting at low temperatures.

Device

MTZ-80 was equipped exclusively manual transmission with a single-disk, dry, permanently closed clutch. The tractor had a 9-speed 2-range gearbox with a reduction gear (4 reverse and 18 forward gears). On some models, a creeper and a hydraulically controlled gearbox were installed. The latter allowed you to select one of the 4 gears without turning off the clutch. The differential lock was controlled by a pedal on the cab floor. On later versions, hydraulic locking control appeared.

The tractor had a rigid suspension rear wheels and a semi-rigid front wheel suspension, complemented by a balancer axle. The rear wheels were attached to the axles using terminal connections, which ensured a change in track width in the range of 1400-2100 mm. The MTZ-80 had disc brakes, steering was carried out through the front wheels. Additionally, the model was equipped with a power steering.
A separate-aggregate hydraulic system was built into the MTZ-80 with a gear pump NSh-32, a mounted plow control hydraulic cylinder and a three-section spool-valve hydraulic distributor.

The price of the MTZ-80 tractor

MTZ-80 has a number of pros and cons. They affect its value. When comparing prices for this model and products from Caterpillar or John Deere, the difference will be noticeable. The tractor, thanks to its proven design, is distinguished by increased reliability and maintainability; spare parts for it are easy to buy. Comfort of work and control of the situation, taking into account the lack of standard configuration special equipment are not strong qualities of the MTZ-80. The power of the tractor is definitely not enough for large areas.
Nevertheless, the popularity of the model remains extremely high even now. MTZ-80 is a kind of analogue of the Kalashnikov assault rifle in the world of tractors.

The cost of a new tractor is 600-900 thousand rubles, depending on the cab (high, low) and additional equipment. Supported MTZ-80 in working condition can be purchased for 150-300 thousand rubles.

Analogues

Foreign analogues of this model are produced by Caterpillar or John Deere. However, they are much more expensive.
Quite a few modifications of the MTZ-80 are also known. Among them are models:

• MTZ-80.1 - with a large cab and rear-wheel drive;
• MTZ-82 (MTZ-82.1) - all-wheel drive version with a small (large) cabin;
• MTZ-82.1-23 / 12 - all-wheel drive version with a large cab, enlarged front wheels and a beam-type front axle;
• MTZ-82N - all-wheel drive modification with a reduced clearance (400 mm), a seat that deviates from the longitudinal axis in order to maintain a vertical landing. This tractor intended for work on slopes;
• MTZ-82R - used in the cultivation of rice fields;
• MTZ-82K is an all-wheel drive tractor with a hydraulic automatic stabilization function, side oscillating gearboxes and a front axle with parallelogram levers. Used for work on steep slopes;
• МТЗ-80Х/80ХМ – cotton-growing tractor with one steered wheel;
• Т-70В/С - model of the 2nd traction class for the cultivation of grapes or beets (В/С). different low power motor(70 "horses");
• MTZ-80/82V - version with a reversible gearbox;
• MTZ-82T - vegetable and melon version with increased ground clearance.

These models can be called analogues of the initial modification of the MTZ-80.

At the time of the collapse of the union, many enterprises were unable to maintain their engineering and production base and gave way to foreign manufacturers. This was not the fate of the Minsk Tractor Plant. Using their geopolitical position (neighborhood with Europe), they began to adopt the experience of world manufacturers: to integrate ready-made components and assemblies, and at the same time develop their own versions of engines, transmissions, hydraulics, etc.

The global trend has long been towards shifting production to China. But in Belarus, thanks to a powerful technical base a numerous line of MTZ tractors appeared, and their characteristics began to be valued much higher. What are the benefits of the new models?

Pros and cons of the entire range

The most important unit responsible for traction power is the engine. For the entire model range of MTZ tractors, latest models petrol or diesel engines of foreign or own design by type of imported analogues. The engine design has been improved in two ways:

• afterburning system exhaust gases and using their built-in turbine, which increases efficiency up to 82%;
• Combined cooling system (oil-liquid), which is carried out using a heat exchanger and is automatically controlled by a thermostat -

These major design changes brought the MTZ tractor to a higher environmental level. The MTZ engine complies with Tier 3 F, and significantly reduces the noise level!

After that, the assembly of its own power unit was established, corresponding to the standard of world quality. What is more important, the engines of our own design can be adapted for operation at low temperatures (-30 ºС), with an integrated electric starter, starting heating and water cooling.

At the crankshaft, the safety factor has increased to 15% - such a plus in the characteristics of the MTZ tractor is reflected in the cost of maintenance, because. its fuel consumption is reduced by 12-15% (compared to basic models until 1992).

The second plus that the Belarus minitractor has is the aggregation of a large number of attachments(230 in total) and the ability to use the MTZ tractor in a complete set with equipment from foreign manufacturers.

After the engine, in terms of importance for the tasks performed, there is hydraulics. Its principle of operation remained the same, but the very design of the nodes has changed - it has become a lot of steps. Everything you need to know about modern hydraulics:

• accuracy, "sensitivity" to the operator's commands;
• work without jerks and swaying even with heavy weights or uneven load distribution.

All MTZ modifications work with a separate hydraulic system:

• for management;
• for attachments;
• in machines, starting from 0.2 power class, a single-cylinder compressor for pumping wheels - all this allows attachments to work in two modes: synchronous and independent, and also to raise or lower the mechanism at any interval of work within 3 seconds.

The mechanical fastenings of the PTO in powerful tractors (above 0.6 strength class) have also been improved and allow working with equipment weight up to 1100 kg.

All model a number of MTZ, including a line of heavy motoblocks, mini tractors of all classes are equipped with:

• separate differential on wheels;
• dual brake system (disc type and manual i.e. parking).

Installing a differential lock is a technical solution that reduces the load on the engine and transmission system.

The wheelbase, transmission and body are interconnected in an inseparable design, which also has not remained unchanged: the mechanics of the MTZ tractor have reduced weight due to steel alloying, the use of a reduced size and ergonomic parts.

The advantages of the MTZ tractor do not end there. Comfortable workplace- one of the main conditions of world standards, and it is equipped with the latest technology. Therefore, the cab is that part of the MTZ tractor that has undergone the most thorough and maximum processing:

• installation of climate control or air conditioning;
• soft adjustable chair;
• ergonomic control panel with display of engine operation indicators, PTO, flow sensors (digital, light, electronic indicators);
• 100% view of the surrounding space thanks to full glazing.

Modifications

The Belarusian small-sized MTZ tractor is presented on the modern market in several modifications that are designed for large-scale earthwork, utility and construction work. On the MTZ 1021, 80 models, an engine of our own design D-240/243/260 is installed:

• with a margin of safety
• preheating;
• refinement of exhaust gases and ergonomic design.

1021

Let's start with a universal model of high power (traction class 2.0) - the MTZ 1021 tractor. The ability to aggregate 69 attachments allows it to be successfully used in all sectors of the municipal, construction, agricultural and forestry complexes. To perform a wide range of work, a four-stroke D-245S2 engine with a volume of 4.75 liters is installed on the tractor.

Also in its design, the strength of the transmission unit has been increased due to a reinforced closed single-plate clutch and ceramic linings.

This modification of the MTZ tractor has a speed of up to 37.4 km / h and is used to transport goods weighing up to 4300 kg.

Advantages of the MTZ 1021 model:

• A high margin of safety of 15% has a positive effect on the duration of work or when used above the limit;
• Three separate hydraulic outlets for attachments can use different types of fluids;
• Supplied in both basic and optional configurations;
• Reinforced transmission.

Depending on the configuration, the cost of this modification ranges from 1.2 to 1.5 million rubles.

80.1

Another popular and powerful Belarus tractor model is the MTZ 80.1. It is equipped with a D-243 engine with technical characteristics:

• 81.6 HP (60 kW/h);
• Rotation count. shaft - 2200 rpm;
• V = 4.75 l;
• K z torque - 15%.

The reserve of engine torque in a configuration with a multi-stage transmission (18 gears) allows you to use the tractor to its full potential without worrying about the limits of possibility.

A set of modified units that reduce fuel consumption:

• hydraulic control booster;
• 11 gears (9+2);
• Power regulator ZNU;
• Creeper (increases traction power with stable fuel consumption);
• Spacers for doubling wheels (increase traction with stable fuel consumption).

Modification MTZ 80.1 is a hardy and durable model, which has a stable fuel consumption under unstable load and a safety margin of the engine and transmission of 14-15%.

The average cost of a car is more than 1.3 million rubles.

82.1

The MTZ 82.1 tractor model is also called a universal tilling machine, which is the basis for the manufacture of narrowly focused tractors. Also, this model can aggregate in various modifications with 230 types of attachments. Refers to 1.4 traction class.

Tractor "Belarus" 82 has the following features:

• average dimensions 2450x3000x810 mm;
• turbocharged D-243 engine;
• speed 33.4 km/h, 18x4 gears;
• hydraulic system with mixed regulation and pressure up to 200 kgf/cm;
• 6 hydraulic outlets;
• 3 modes of operation of the front axle.

Pros:

• The gearbox shifts without disengaging the clutch;
• Hydraulic blocking of the back bridge by means of a pedal;
• Automatic differential lock;
• Sensitive hydraulics, providing stable operation on soils with different topography, thanks to sensors on the regulators;
• The enlarged and ergonomic cab is one of the best in the MTZ tractor line;

The MTZ 82 tractor is manufactured in a large number of modifications:

• for processing rice;
• stability on steep slopes (up to 20º);
• vegetable crops.

The cost is from 1.3 million rubles, depending on the configuration.

1221.2

Entering the world level obliges the manufacturer to produce machines for different climatic zones, as well as for a narrowly focused specialization.

The next model is so in demand that its assembly has been established in three cities of Russia. The Belarus 1221.2 tractor was developed on the basis of the MTZ 1221 model in a tropical version, i.e. engine design without glow plugs using a special filtration system and an additional fuel tank.

The D-260.2 engine is installed on it:

• 210 hp;
• volume of 7.12 l, water-cooled.
• High efficiency power plant provide:
• turbocharging;
• centrifugal fuel pump;
• single stage compressor.

In addition, the Belarus 1221.2 tractor has a number of advantages associated with excellent maintainability, unpretentiousness of the engine to fuel and lubricants and fuel quality, and high comfortable working conditions that increase the driver's performance.

Pros:

• Comfortable cabin with heat-absorbing glass and increased sound, heat and temperature insulation and air conditioning system;
• Low fuel consumption due to exhaust gas afterburning and turbocharging;
• Process automation, electronically controlled;
• Double disc clutch;
• Possibility to install two types of equipment:
• with autonomous vertical power cylinder;
• with two vertical cylinders mounted on a hydraulic lift.

Minus:

A small fuel tank, with a full load on a working day, you need to refuel 2 times.

The cost of this model is 1.45 million rubles.

132 N

The peculiarities of the economic development of the country in the post-Soviet space could not but affect the modernization: for many people, agriculture became the only source of income that required special investments of labor and enhanced care. Now the Belarusian plant began to focus not only on large organizations. And in 1992, the production of tractors of the 0.2 power class, compact and with an increased set of attachments, began. This technique is ideally adapted for use in small areas, such as greenhouses, mini farms and home gardens with an area of ​​​​more than 0.5 hectares.

The second model, which appeared since 1992 at an already modernized enterprise, and therefore improved and improved, is the Belarus mini tractor 132 N. This is something between a walk-behind tractor and a tractor, it is aggregated with small-sized attachments. Belongs to 0.2 traction class, ideal for small farms, household plots of 3-10 hectares. MTZ 132N is used to perform standard work:

• harrowing;
• cultivation;
• plowing of light soil;
• grass mowing;
• snow removal;
• transportation of cargo weighing up to 700 kg;
• wood processing.

Power of 9.6 hp (13 kW), with a modest size of 2500x1000x2000 mm, became possible thanks to the use of a 4-stroke gasoline LIFAN engine LF 188FD or Honda GH390. This is a carburetor type of engine running on AI-92 gasoline and having air cooling.

Model pluses:

• high maneuverability, maneuverability and a small turning radius, thanks to the articulated frame;
• compactness (the ability to transport the unit in a car trailer);
• 2 types of start (manual, electric starter);
• 4 wheel drive;
• wheel track adjustment;
• the presence of a hydraulic cylinder for controlling attachments.

Minuses:

Open cabin without heating in winter.

In the presence of functionality, like a full-fledged tractor, the MTZ 132N has one more advantage - its cost is 170-190 thousand rubles.

152

The Belarus 152 tractor is another full-fledged mini machine, a direct analogue of the MTZ 132 N. Only, unlike the previous model, only the Honda GH390 engine is installed in it, which provides air cooling and uses AI-92 fuel for operation.

Technical characteristics are practically the same as in the 132 N modification, without a significant structural difference. 152 model with dimensions of 2450x1040x1450 is very maneuverable and performs a full range of work:

• tilled;
• cultivator;
• mowing;
• cleaning - for this, small-sized attachments are used.

Separately, it is worth focusing on hydraulics and PTO. MTZ-152 minitractors can be aggregated with mounted, semi-mounted, trailed and semi-trailer equipment thanks to two pairs of autonomous outputs.

Pros:

Minuses:

Open cabin (no heating).

The Belarus 152 model is a full-fledged tractor with a minimum of flaws and excellent maintainability and for only 260 thousand rubles.

1523

As already mentioned, the plant manufactures models based on proven and best tractors of its time. The Belarus 1523 model is already the third modernization, the predecessors of which were MTZ-82, MTZ-1221 and MTZ-1523. It collected all the best and eliminated the shortcomings of its predecessors, in addition, by the time the design began in the world of special. technology, new developments appeared, which were successfully introduced into this model.

Tractor "Belarus" 1523 belongs to the traction class 0.3 and is intended for use in agriculture, municipal work, both individually and in combination with other types of machines and attachments. This modification is perfectly balanced in terms of cost, functionality and maintainability, and it is also ideal for all climatic zones without exception.

The MTZ 1523 is equipped with the D-260 1S2 engine.

Specifications:

• 4 cycles;
• power 158 hp (116 kW);
• knee rotation. shaft 2100 rpm.

The turbocharged D-260 engine is one of the modern developments of the Minsk Tractor Plant, which meet the international requirements for exhaust gas purification.

Usage powerful engine without improved design: transmission and hydraulics would not be efficient, so the 1523 tractor has been improved in all aspects.

TO key benefits can be attributed:

• Hydrostatic control (2 differential hydraulic cylinders);
• Multi-disc brakes;
• Ergonomic workplace;
• Cabin with noise-; moisture-; dust-; vibration isolation (basic isolation due to installation on a rubber gasket);
• Air conditioning and air purification;
• Additional spacer for doubling wheels and one more workplace outside the cab.

The cost of new models ranges from 1.4 to 1.8 million rubles, depending on the configuration, delivery terms, dealer and other conditions.

Tractor MTZ Belarus 892.2 is one of the latest modifications, which is also designed specifically for use in hot and even tropical climates. The tractor is equipped with a D-245 5S power unit with turbocharging and direct fuel injection.

Specifications:

• power 90 hp (66 kW)
• rated shaft speed 1800 rpm with 15% safety margin;
• turbocharger with air cleaner.

Tractor Belarus 892.2 is distinguished by an individual combination of technical characteristics and design features.

Among the advantages:

• independent PTO with revolutions of 540 and 1000 rpm;
• planetary-cylindrical wheel reduction gears with the possibility of doubling the rear wheels;
• PMV 822;
• load capacity of the rear PTO 3200 kg;
• ergonomic cabin that meets modern requirements;
• completing the clutch (optional) with asbestos-free or ceramic linings.

The cost of this model is lower than for the northern version, because. there is no need to use glow plugs, which somewhat simplifies the design of the engine. The average price of MTZ 892.2 is about 1.2-1.3 million rubles.

During the collapse of the Union, MTZ tractors were equipped with engines that, in terms of their characteristics, were inferior to foreign counterparts. In order to be able to compete in the Western market of agricultural machinery, MTZ engineers decided to use power units from Lombardgini, LIFAN and Honda.

Tractor "Belarus 320.4" in size is between mini and full-fledged tractors, although it belongs to the 0.6 traction class. The compact dimensions provide maneuverability and high maneuverability of the machine in cramped urban conditions or at a construction site, where you often have to work in tandem with other modes of transport or attachments. A ground pressure of just 320 kPa improves flotation on soft or swampy soils.

The MTZ 320.4 tractor is equipped with a European diesel engine LDW 1503 NR with 36 hp, rigidly fixed to the frame. Its power is complemented design features that increase functionality.

These include:

• the speed gearbox provides 24 speed modes (16/8);
• reduction gear converts engine energy into traction power (speed decreases to 25 km / h);
• automatic differential lock and freewheel mechanism increases patency;
• separate braking (left-right).

A comfortable cab with an air conditioning system allows you to operate the tractor in all seasons.

The disadvantages of MTZ 320.4 include:

• Frequent cleaning of hydraulic equipment oil;
• Accurate exposure of passport parameters regarding the loading of attachments (exclude work at the limit of possibility);
• Small fuel tank;
• Difficulty starting the engine at low temperatures.

The cost of the tractor is 500-600 thousand rubles.

High maintainability of MTZ tractors and easy maintenance is possible due to the simple design of the equipment. In terms of layout complexity, MTZ tractors are more similar to the designer, where the replacement of filters and other consumables is reduced to a primitive procedure, and when repairing parts, disassembly-assembly occurs with minimal disassembly of the unit.

What can be said about the price, because such a modernization of the tractor could not but affect the cost. Upon a detailed examination of the Belarus model range, we see that the prices for equipment are rationally balanced, and the total payback period, at full load, is estimated at about 2-5 years.

It is difficult to imagine any sphere of human activity without a tractor. The agricultural market has a large number of different models tractors from different manufacturers to perform any operation. One of the most popular is the tractor Belarus MTZ 82, specifications which we will discuss in detail in this article.

Features and Benefits

MTZ-82 "Belorus" is a universal, row-crop, wheeled, all-wheel drive tractor with a small cab, which is produced at the Minsk Tractor Plant. The tractor has proven to be a reliable and high-performance unit, which is easy to operate and maintain.

Tractor MTZ-82 buy, which can be in dealer centers our country, is effectively used to perform a variety of jobs in:

• rural farms;
• forest lands;
• construction companies;
• communal institutions;
• different industries.

MTZ-82 provides reliable performance under any climatic conditions.

The tractor has a standard layout, which is characterized by:

• semi-frame design with crankcases of transmission units of a bearing type;
• front engine;
• rear drive wheels of large diameter;
• front guides, driving wheels of smaller diameter.

To improve permeability, rear axle equipped with a locking differential.

To facilitate starting at low air temperatures, the engine can be additionally equipped with starting preheater. On the MTZ-82, whose engine photo is shown on the right, glow plugs are installed, made according to new technology which greatly facilitate starting the engine in cold weather.

The engine is aggregated only with a mechanical nine-speed, dual-range gearbox with a reduction gear. Big choice gear ratios in the transmission (18 forward gears and 4 reverse gears) allows you to comfortably perform any work with the tractor.

The hydraulic hinged system MTZ82 is universal, separate-aggregate. Some models are supplied with power and position regulation of the working depth, mixed regulation, mechanical fixation of the hitch in the transport position.

Scope of use

The versatility of the tractor is provided by a wide range of both trailed and mounted units. MTZ-82 compares favorably with other models with a large assortment of aggregated trailer and attachments. The tractor can perform work as:

• bulldozer;
• loader;
• excavator;
• pit digger;
• drive mechanism for other agricultural units and machines.

Video

Video tractor MTZ-82 in operation. Guys with the help of MTZ 82.1 pull his brother out of the ditch.