Surely everyone knows what a motor is in a car. but today our article is devoted to a specific unit, about which we will try to tell from "A" to "Z"

The end of the last century and the beginning of a new one became a period of heightened interest in MPI gasoline engines. The decoding of this abbreviation sounds like Multi Point Injection. An extraordinary fuel injection scheme served as a good demand for cars with such engines. This scheme was created according to the multipoint principle.

Due to the individual injectors in each cylinder, the fuel is distributed as evenly as possible in the cylinders. This design development, namely the release of engines with multipoint injection, was undertaken by Volkswagen. Due to which MPI engines subsequently appeared.

The appearance of such power plants was an alternative to carburetor engines. To better understand the MPI engine, you need to carefully analyze its competitive features.

The Modernity of Multi Point Injection Engines

There is no future for MPI engines, as it looked a few years ago, many even believed that the production of motors of this type was suspended. The radical development of automotive developments and technologies very quickly forces us not to remember yesterday's quality guidelines.

In fact, this is what happens with MPI engines, many in the industry claim that economy and environmental friendliness are outdated.

But these conclusions are more true only for the European markets, and as for the Russian ones, then all this looks partly. Since the real potential of these units has not yet been fully revealed by domestic motorists.

Forward-thinking manufacturers are keeping this technology alive and constantly incorporating it into vehicles designed to Russian roads. For example, on Skoda Yeti or Volkswagen Polo. The most memorable were the representatives of the MPI system with engines, the volume of which was 1.4 or 1.6 liters.

Design features of the MPI engine

The absolute absence of a turbocharger is another significant feature of this system, along with a multipoint injection system. In the design of these engines, there is a conventional gasoline pump, which, under a pressure of 3 atmospheres, supplies fuel to the intake manifold for subsequent mixture formation and supply of a ready-made composition through the intake valve.

This scheme of work is very similar to the scheme of work carburetor engines. With one difference, that there is a separate nozzle on each cylinder.

Another unusual feature of the Multi Point Injection system of the engine is the presence of a water cooling circuit for the fuel mixture. This is due to the fact that there is a very high temperature in the area of ​​​​the cylinder head, and the pressure of the incoming fuel is very low, because of this there is a high probability of a gas-air plug and, consequently, boiling.

Special Advantages of MPI

Before switching to a car with MPI, many motorists who are more or less familiar with this system will think very hard about getting a set of advantages due to which multipoint injection installations have earned their vocation in the world.

Simplicity of the device

This does not mean that such systems are simpler compared to carbureted models. If we compare the TSI model, which has a high-pressure fuel pump and turbochargers in its design, then naturally superiority is obvious. And the cost of the car will be lower and reduced operating costs and the possibility of self-repair.

Undemanding requests for fuel quality

It is not possible to guarantee the proper quality of fuel and oils everywhere and always, which is very typical for Russia. The use of low-octane gasolines below 92 does not affect the performance of MPI engines, as they are very unpretentious. The minimum mileage of cars without breakdowns, according to the developers, is 300,000 km, provided timely replacement oils and filter elements.

The minimum value of the probability of overheating

The ignition timing is adjustable. The presence of a system of engine mounts, which is designed for the use of rubber mounts. Of course, this is not directly related to the engine, but it still matters for the performance of the engine and the comfort of the driver.

Since vibrations and various noises that occur when driving are damped due to the supports. An interesting feature is that the supports have automatic adjustment for various engine operating modes.

Characteristic Disadvantages of MPI

All the shortcomings of this engine are expressed precisely by its design features. The connection of fuel with air occurs in the channels, and not directly in the cylinders. Accordingly, there is a limitation of the intake system. This is expressed in a lack of power and rather weak torque.

Based on this, decent dynamics, sporty throttle response, and a hot drive are not obtained. AT modern cars the presence of eight valves is usually not enough, so all these characteristics are increased. If to characterize this car with such a system, it will pass for a family and quiet transport.

That is why such cars have ceased to be in demand and fade into the background into the past. Why is this happening, i.e. the world made an assessment of the qualities of this system and decided that this was not enough for him, and the designers began to design more modern motors in terms of power. But no, there are unexpected surprises in the automotive industry.

The developers of Skoda, having developed the Russian version of the Yeti SUV for family use, in 2014 deliberately abandoned the turbocharged engine with a volume of 1.2 in favor of the MPI engine with a volume of 1.6 and a power of 110 hp.

As the developers of the well-known global concern stated, this engine has practically nothing in common compared to old model 105 hp It is most suitable for TSI models, but it lacks direct injection and turbocharging.

Summarizing

The departure of engines from the world market with the MPI system is significantly affected by all of the above indicators. Today, many motorists prefer more powerful modern cars, the pace of which is steadily increasing.

The need to equip machines with stronger units significantly underestimates the demand for Multi Point Injection engines. Compared to them, this motor is rather weak. But it is still too early to write off the MPI engine completely, since the developers of the Skoda Yeti are trying to use it to the full on Russian roads.

Few car owners know what it is - an MPI engine. This abbreviation stands for Multi-Point-Injection, and the motor itself is a design with a multi-point fuel injection system. To summarize the data, the peculiarity of such a motor is that each cylinder of the power plant receives its own injector nozzle. This technology was developed and implemented

Where is it implemented?

Now you understand a little what is an MPI engine. For the first time, such technology was successfully implemented in the Polo model. Later "Golf" and "Jetta" also received such engines.

Note that such engines are outdated from the engine range. However, they are practical and reliable. Many experts argue that today such power plants do not meet modern standards of efficiency and ecology. In addition, quite recently one could say that the manufacturer stopped the production of such motors. The last car that received the MPI engine was the Skoda Octavia of the second series.

However, recently the technology has been revived, it has become in demand. In the fall of 2015, the concern launched a production line for these engines at the Kaluga plant, where they began to produce EA211 series engines.

Peculiarities

About what features they have, it has already been written above. These are engines with a multi-point gasoline supply system. However, people in the know can say that TSI engines also use a multi-point fuel supply system. Therefore, in this case, it is appropriate to talk about other distinctive features- MPI-engines "Skoda" and "Volkswagen" are not supercharged. This means that there are no turbochargers that would force the fuel mixture into the engine cylinders. It uses the most ordinary gasoline pump, which pumps gasoline from the tank to the start manifold, while creating a pressure of only 3 atmospheres. In the manifold, the fuel mixes with air and is drawn into the combustion chamber through the intake valve. Actually, the system is very similar to the principle of operation of a carburetor, and there is no direct fuel injection into the cylinders (as in FSI, TSI and GDi engines).

Now you have a better understanding of what MPI engines are. It is appropriate to answer the second feature - the presence of a water cooling system. Thanks to it, the fuel is cooled. This is necessary due to the increased temperature regime at the cylinder head. Since the temperature is high there and the fuel is supplied under low pressure, there is a possibility that fuel mixture may boil, which will lead to the formation of gas air pockets.

Advantages

MPI engines boast unpretentiousness to the fuel used and work effectively on 92nd gasoline. Also, the design of such an engine is very durable, and its mileage without any intervention and repair averages 300 thousand kilometers. Of course, it is necessary to change filters and oil on time. 1.6 MPI (and other car models) is simple in design, and in the event of any breakdown, it can be inexpensively repaired at a service station. In this case design feature of such engines compares favorably with more complex TSI engines with high pressure pumps and turbochargers. Also, MPI motors overheat less.

The last more or less relevant plus is the rubber mounts located under the engine. They help reduce noise and shaking while riding.

Minuses

According to the reviews, MPI engines are less dynamic, and there is a reason for this. Due to the fact that gasoline is mixed with air in the exhaust channels (before it enters the cylinders), these engines are limited. Also, the eight-valve system with a timing kit makes it clear that the motor lacks power. That's why similar engines not designed for quick start and speed gain.

The second drawback is uneconomical. Multi-point injection is inferior in efficiency and economy to supercharging with direct injection of fuel into the cylinders. As mentioned above, this technology is implemented in TSI engines.

MPI engine - a solution for Russian roads

In addition, cars with such engines are better suited for Russian operating conditions. The fact is that the quality of the fuel sold at some gas stations leaves much to be desired. However, for MPI engines, even gasoline with a higher sulfur content is easily perceived, and the engine processes excellently. this species fuel. And the rugged design of the power plant itself provides additional reliability and protection against excessive mechanical stress that occurs when driving on bad roads with potholes. So it can be rightly noted that MPI engines are better suited for Russia. Perhaps because of this, a production line for the production of such motors was established at the Kaluga plant. Now we have finally figured out what an MPI engine is and what are its features, advantages, and disadvantages.

Finally

If we compare the pros and cons, we can conclude that such motors are quite competitive. An indirect confirmation of this is the refusal of German manufacturers from 1.2-liter TSI engines in favor of unpretentious 1.6-liter engines with MPI injection technology.

Can it be recommended to car buyers? Quite! This is quite a successful technology from the concern "Volkswagen", which deserves a chance at life. Numerous customer reviews confirm this.

When it comes to Czech motors, almost everyone considers them unique and the best in the world in their classes. Endurance, efficiency, certain manufacturability and classic design do their job. The only problem is that some units have not earned such a good reputation among car buyers. In particular, the 1.6 MPI engines fitted to the Octavia were not always so interesting. Please note that the corporation has used at least 3 different power units with the same marking in its history. Until 2004, the 1.6 MPI node was installed on the first generation Octavia Tour, it was identical Volkswagen engines, which we'll talk about later. In 2005, the Czechs made a small reconstruction of this unit. It was on the Octavia A5 of the first years of production that this motor was installed, and the reviews are rather contradictory.

Today, other units with the same 1.6 MPI marking are installed on the A7 generation, as well as on the A5 restyling. In particular, Russian cars equipped with a power plant manufactured at a Russian plant. And its technology has gone far from its predecessors. So it’s not worth dumping all ideas about aspirated into a heap. AT different cars various power units with a volume of 1.6 are installed, and this should be considered when buying a car. Among all versions there is no excessive bad engine, which would not have passed even 200,000 km. But after significant runs, many units begin to have problems. The original German technology has long since changed. And even on VW cars, MPI engines are no longer what they used to be. So it's worth considering the latest reviews and independent tests before spending money on a potentially reliable and classic aspirated. Let's look at this situation from a historical point of view.

The first 1.6 MPI engines - on Volkswagen cars

To Russia, the first copies of 1.6 on German cars practically never delivered. But many cars came to our country in the late 90s according to well-known schemes. Some of them were imported illegally, but many of them still successfully travel on the roads of the Russian Federation. If you had a chance to come into contact with the first 1.6 MPI engine with 110 hp, then you felt all the delights of real German technology. The features of this motor were as follows:

• they installed the engine on the Golf IV, Passat B5, its power was not high, but there were enough features for successful operation in the conditions of the city and the highway, there were no restrictions;
• a simple automatic machine was supplied with the engine, but more often they bought mechanics that were made taking into account military endurance, these boxes never broke at all;
• the motor itself is made of special alloys, it is quite heavy, it is subject to repair and serves at least 300,000 km until overhaul, this is one of the last European millionaires;
• many technologies of this engine are used to this day, 20 years after the first installation on a German car, but the materials have long since changed;
• the unit is very economical with all its advantages, it consumes up to 10 liters of gasoline in the city and up to 6.5 on the highway on a large Passat, which gives a clear benefit to the machine.

The only problem with this unit is age. The youngest car that you can find with this engine and with a great box is the 2004 Passat B5 Plus. After the release of the Passat B6, VW Corporation transferred aspirated technology to the Czechs and began to install completely different power units on their cars. So find good engine with low mileage from the first 1.6 MPI will be incredibly difficult.

Skoda and improvements are the main factors of the popular 1.6 MPI

The Czechs did not dare to produce an atmospheric engine in exactly the same way as the Germans. The reasons for this decision are unknown, but in 2005 the company significantly “finished” the engine. Everything externally remained unchanged. Atmospheric technology, consumption even less than the previous version, the same size, the same characteristics. But in general, the design of the power unit has been changed in several important points:

• alloys for production were greatly changed in order to lighten and reduce the cost of the power plant, this led to the fact that a damp motor entered the market without proper verification;
• to reduce costs, the piston system was finalized, the very essence of the engine design was somewhat changed, so the load on its main parts increased slightly;
• the internal part of the motor was significantly simplified, in particular, the amount of metal was reduced, the walls between the cylinders do not allow the power unit to be overhauled;
• Czech engineers simplified many technologies that should not have been simplified, and the engine immediately began to bring certain troubles to its owners in operation;
• the ECU program has been completely changed due to economy and other important benefits operation, but the durability of the motor immediately decreased several times.

Modern technologies are not always better than classical ones. This is proved by Octavia A5, on which this power unit is installed. Cars break down easily, very often they fail their owners after 8-10 years of operation and 200,000 km of run. So when buying a used Octavia, give preference to more expensive engines, such as 2.0 FSI or diesel engines. But you should not buy a used car with an aspirated 1.6, this can bring problems.

New 1.6 MPI engine - Russian production

On Skoda and Volkswagen Russian assembly today they are installing an engine made in the Russian Federation. At its own plant, the Volkswagen-Group Corporation launched the production of atmospherics with a volume of 1.6 liters. This is a completely different engine, the EA211 series of this engine, before such technologies were not used at all in German cars. O this engine it is still difficult to say something specific, but the first reviews of the owners allow us to draw the following conclusions:

• motor for its 110 hp very dynamic, engineers squeezed out almost everything that can be squeezed out of a simple atmospheric engine such a volume in our conditions;
• the production is of sufficient quality, since there are practically no breakdowns and warranty claims, the motor behaves perfectly, at least on new cars without mileage and bad experience;
• reduced fuel consumption, improved some important characteristics, but the motor did not become more reliable, and this can be seen from the design in comparison with its predecessor EA111;
• impossibility of execution overhaul the unit has not gone away, the owners can operate the installation until a replacement with a new motor is required;
• there is no doubt that almost all the diseases of the 111 engine remained in place, but Russian production somewhat reduced the cost of technology and made the new engine more affordable.

It is not recommended to repair and overhaul the unit. This is one of the important operating conditions that should be observed when buying a car with this installation under the hood. But the car passes its 250-300 thousand kilometers, and this is really good in comparison with competitors. Pleased with fuel consumption, the dynamics are quite good, and reliability and durability have not yet been tested on a large number of copies. So it's too early to draw final conclusions.

What will happen to MPI engines in the future?

Most likely, engines with atmospheric technology are living out their last years. Soon they will be replaced by downsized and less attractive turbocharged units with more complex characteristics. The reason for this is rather strange environmental laws. Euro-6 already cuts off many classic units due to high emissions into the atmosphere. The EA211 engine is designed for Euro-5 standards, it will reach Euro-6, but in a couple of years it will not be able to withstand the next standard. There are several important factors about such motors:

• too much volume for low power becomes unprofitable for the buyer and manufacturer, there are much more compact units with a large number of horses;
• on an engine of 110 horses, but with a volume of 0.9 liters, the exhaust will be almost 2 times lower, and this is an important argument for most modern manufacturers in Europe and the USA;
• scandals with the environmental standards of diesel engines (dieselgate in America) - this is just the beginning, soon the authorities of leading countries will take up other units with increased emissions;
• atmospheric technologies are simple and serve for a long time without breakdowns; this is unprofitable for manufacturers who make good money on spare parts for technological installations;
• turbocharged units are a necessity in the modern world of technology, it is these motors that will soon flood the entire market and will not give the buyer much choice.

Simple technologies are a thing of the past. Today, on a modern unit in the garage, you can only change candles, and for this you will have to read the forum and look for tips from specialists. The first 1.6 MPI motor could be serviced at home on its own, but today the manufacturer is trying to stop these possibilities. Business and money began to rule the world, and this cannot but affect the quality of the produced technologies.

We offer you to watch a test drive of a car on which exactly this type of power unit is installed in the following video:

Summing up

Say that the installation of atmospheric type on Skoda cars really bad, impossible. It's pretty good unit compared to most competitors. But it is not worth praising him too highly over his rivals. The 1.6 MPI motor has certain shortcomings that have not been corrected Russian production. Volkswagen Corporation is moving away from using these motors, offering them only on internal Russian models. In Europe, aspirated engines have long been bypassed in the cabin, choosing more economical and driving turbocharged units of various stripes.

For Russia, turbocharged units are still difficult to call optimal. We need unpretentious and hardy motors that work well in a variety of conditions and behave well in changing climates. Of course, consumption is also becoming an important factor, but for now we prefer reliability. However, reliability also becomes a relative factor, and it is difficult to predict the service life of a car. It is safe to say that the era of atmospheric propulsion systems is passing away, the time of more advanced technologies is beginning. What do you think about Czech and German 1.6 MPI units?

Hyundai uses its own engines to install on its cars, which have shown themselves from the best side. About what engines Hyundai equips cars for Russian market, about their main characteristics, features and applicability, as well as general information on South Korean power units - you will learn all this from this article.

General view of Hyundai engines

Hyundai, like many others large auto concerns, equips its vehicles with engines of its own production, which makes it independent of third-party manufacturers. However, this was far from always the case: for many years the company produced motors under a Mitsubishi license, and only in 1989 (22 years after the company was formed) was a completely self-developed motor released.

To date, Hyundai produces several types of power plants with different purposes:

Inline 4-cylinder gasoline engines of small cubic capacity for cars, minibuses and light commercial trucks;
. Inline 4-cylinder diesel engines small cubic capacity for cars, minibuses and light commercial trucks;
. In-line 4-cylinder diesel engines of large cubic capacity for trucks;
. V-shaped 6-cylinder gasoline engines for passenger cars (including crossovers);
. Large displacement in-line 6-cylinder diesel engines for powerful trucks and buses;
. V-shaped 8-cylinder gasoline engines for passenger cars executive class;
. V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engines for trucks and buses.

In addition, the Hyundai line has several 3-cylinder gasoline engines, as well as a mass of engines with a volume of 53 to 678 cm 3 (power from 2 to 30 hp) used on generators and small equipment (snowplows, scooters, motor cultivators and etc.). But here we will only talk about car engines.

A- South Korea, Asan;
. B - China, Beijing;
. H - South Korea, Hwasun;
. K, United States, Montgomery;
. M - India, Chennai;
. P - South Korea, Poseung;
. S - South Korea, Sohari;
. T - Turkey, Izmit;
. U - South Korea, Ulsan;
. W - China, Shandong;
. Z - Slovakia, Zilina;
. 1 - China, Yangcheng.

Usually complete labeling indicated only in the documents for the car, you can often see engines with a four-digit designation, which is usually more than enough. For example, on Hyundai Solaris two engines are installed - G4FA and G4FC, which means that we have Gamma generation gasoline 4-cylinder engines (as indicated by the letter "F") with a volume of 1.4 liters (the letter "A" in the first engine) and 1.6 liters ( the letter "C" in the second motor).

The marking is knocked out on the engine, its location depends on the specific power unit. But usually the marking is applied to the cylinder block in such a place that it is visible without special manipulations - just open the hood.

Engines of current models of Hyundai passenger cars

Hyundai uses a wide variety of engines, with one model designed for different markets, often equipped with different motors. Therefore, here we will consider only those engines that are used on Hyundai cars intended for sale in Russia.

Actual the lineup engines for cars Hyundai cars next:

Gamma 1.4 (MPi, gasoline, 1396 cm3, 100 hp, i30);
. Gamma 1.4 (MPi, gasoline, 1396 cm3, 107 hp, Solaris);
. Gamma 1.6 (MPi, gasoline, 1591 cm3, 123 hp, Solaris);
. Gamma 1.6 (MPi, gasoline, 1591 cm3, 130 hp, i30);
. Gamma 1.6 (MPi, gasoline, 1591 cm3, 132 hp, Elantra, Veloster);
. Nu 1.8 (MPi, gasoline, 1797 cm3, 150 hp, Elantra);
. Nu 2.0 (MPi, petrol, 1999 cc, 150 hp, i40, ix35);
. Theta II 2.4 (MPi, gasoline, 173 hp, 2359 cm 3 , H1);
. Theta II 2.4 (MPi, gasoline, 180 hp, Grandeur);
. Theta II 2.4 (MPi, gasoline, 175 hp, Santa Fe);
. Lambda II 3.0 (GDi, V6, gasoline, 249 hp, Genesis);
. Lambda II 3.0 (MPi, V6, petrol, 2999 cc, 250 hp, Grandeur);
. Lambda II 3.3 (MPi, V6, petrol, 3342 cc, 271 hp, grand santa Fe);
. Lambda II 3.8 (GDi, V6, gasoline, 3778 cm3, 315 hp, Genesis);
. Lambda II 3.8 (GDi( new modification), V6, gasoline, 3778 cm 3, 334 hp, Equus);
. Tau 5.0 (GDi (new modification). V8, gasoline, 5038 cm 3, 430 hp, Equus);
. U II 1.6 (diesel, 1582 cm 3 , 128 hp, i30);
. U II 1.7 (diesel, 1685 cm 3 , 136 hp, i40);
. U II 2.0 (diesel, 136 hp, ix35);
. U II 2.0D (diesel, 184 hp, ix35);
. R 2.2 (diesel, 197 hp, Santa Fe, Grand Santa Fe);
. A II 2.5 (diesel, 2497 cm3, 116 hp, 16 valves, H1);
. A II 2.5 (diesel, 2497 cm3, 170 hp, 16 valves, H1).

Each engine range has its own characteristics, specifications and applicability.

Line "Gamma"

The most common gasoline engines have relatively low power, small dimensions, low noise level and a high degree of environmental safety. This generation has replaced the first generation of Hyundai Alpha gasoline engines. Engines have a number of common features and characteristics:

Inline 4-cylinder;
. Petrol;
. MPi (multipoint injection);
. DOHC (two timing shafts in the cylinder head);
. D-CVVT (variable valve timing system);
. 16 valves (four valves per cylinder);
. Timing drive - chain;
. Aluminum cylinder block and cylinder head.

The line includes three modifications - G4FA (Gamma 1.4), G4FC and G4FC (both Gamma 1.6). Motors are installed on Solaris, Accent, Elantra, Veloster, i30, ix35, i40 models, as well as on Kia cars Ria and Soul.

Ruler "Nu"

One of the new developments of Hyundai, these gasoline engines have occupied a "two-liter" niche between the Gamma and Theta II lines. These motors are equipped with the most modern systems and functions - MPi, CVVT, DOHC and others. The cylinder block and cylinder head are made of aluminum, so the engines are very light and compact with good power ratings.

This line on the Russian market is represented by two models:

G4NB (Nu 1.8, installed on Hyundai Elantra);
. G4NE (Nu 2.0, installed on ix35 and i40).

This generation also includes more powerful two-liter engines G4NA (164 hp) and G4NC (177 hp), which are equipped with a model that is no longer in production today Hyundai Tucson and others.

Theta II line

Theta II petrol engines have been in production since 2008, replacing the Theta engines, which had been produced for only four years before. These power units have all the "family features" of Hyundai engines: an aluminum cylinder block and cylinder head, multipoint injection, two camshafts in the cylinder head, a timing system and others.

The line consists of more than a dozen engines, but today only 2.4-liter versions are supplied to Russia:

G4KE (put on crossover Santa Fe);
. G4KG (installed on the H-1 minibus);
. G4KJ (installed on Hyundai Grandeur, previously this model equipped with a less powerful G4KE unit).

The Theta II line also includes 1.8 and 2-liter engines, but Hyundai does not offer domestic buyers cars with these power plants.

Line «Lambda II»

A range of powerful 6-cylinder power units installed mainly in expensive models of Hyundai and Kia cars. Motors have been manufactured since 2008 (the first generation of Lambda was released in 2006), they have the following features:

V-engine (V angle 60°);
. Petrol;

. Availability of models with MPi (ported injection) and GDi ( direct injection);
. D-CVVT (variable valve timing);
. Lightweight aluminum construction;
. Timing chain drive.

There are ten engines in the model range, but only four modifications are installed on cars for the Russian market:

G6DG (Lambda 3.0, installed on Genesis);
. G6DH (Lambda 3.3, installed on Grand Santa Fe);
. G6DJ (lambda 3.8, installed on Genesis);
. G6DA-AC (lambda 3.8 new version, installed on Equus).

Other engines of this line are not supplied to our country.

"Tau" line

The most powerful gasoline engines installed on luxury cars. Produced since 2008, have the following characteristics:

V8 (V-shaped 8-cylinder, V-angle - 90 °);
. Petrol;
. QOHC (four timing shafts - two in each cylinder head);
. D-CVVT;
. Aluminum construction;
. There are models with MPi and GDi.

The lineup consists of only three engines, now Hyundai supplies Russia with only one of them - the top-end 5-liter G8BE GDi, installed on the Equus. Also in the line there are less powerful engines G8BA and G8BB with MPi system.

"U II" line

The most simple and inexpensive Hyundai diesel enginesdesigned for compact cars. Motors have been produced since 2004, have the following features:

Inline 4-cylinder;
. Diesel;
. CRDi( fuel equipment common rail);
. Equipped with a turbocharger variable geometry(VGT);
. Have a CVVT system;
. DOHC
. 16 valves.

This line includes a large number of engines (more than a dozen modifications) with a volume of 1.1 to 1.7 liters. Cars arriving in Russia are currently equipped with two models:

D4FB (U II 1.6, 128 hp, installed on i30);
. D4FD (U II 1.7, 136 hp, installed on i40).

Also, some U II engines are installed on Kia cars. Despite the high interest of the domestic buyer in diesel engines, Hyundai supplies our country with a very limited range of cars running on this type of fuel.

Ruler "R"

Newer and more powerful diesel engines produced since 2009. They have a number of non-trivial design solutions, but are generally similar to the engines described above (CRDi, DOHC, CVVT systems, VGT turbocharger, etc.). In Russia, the line is represented by three motors:

D4HA (R 2.0, 136 hp, installed on ix35);
. D4HA (R 2.0D, increased to 184 hp power, also installed on ix35);
. D4HB (R 2.2., 197 hp, installed on Santa Fe and Grand Santa Fe).

The system of distributed (multi-point) fuel injection MPI is used only on gasoline engines and is the most popular in the world. In this system, each cylinder is equipped with an individual injector that injects fuel just before the intake valve. Multi-point injection perfectly meets the high environmental standards as well as the requirements for mixture formation in modern engines.

The basic principle of the MPI system

The designation MPI stands for Multi-point injection, which means "multi-point injection". Most often, this marking is found on European cars.

Design of the multipoint injection system

It consists of the following elements:

• throttle valve;
• distribution line or fuel rail;
• (injectors);
• mass air flow sensor or air pressure and temperature sensor;
• fuel pressure control.

Distributed injection scheme

In such a supply system, air from the atmosphere passes through air filter, and then through throttle valve enters the intake manifold. Then it is distributed through the channels of the cylinders.

In turn, the fuel is supplied by a pump through the ramp and to the injectors. The latter are located near the intake valves of the cylinders, which reduces fuel loss and the likelihood of its settling in the intake manifold. The operation of the injectors is controlled by the engine ECU. The amount of fuel that should flow through the injectors is calculated by the control unit based on information about the modes, load and engine speed, as well as on the basis of information about the amount of air entering the system received from a whole set of sensors (temperature, pressure). In accordance with the calculations, the ECU sends pulse signals to the electromagnetic injectors, bringing them into operation.

In addition to controlling the operating modes of the injectors, the control unit conducts regular diagnostics of the state of the injection system and, if malfunctions are detected, issues an appropriate error signal to the dashboard("Check Engine").

MPI operating modes

Depending on the mode of operation of the injectors, there are several types of systems:

• Simultaneous injection. In such a system, all injectors open at the same time, supplying fuel to each cylinder. This scheme is an improved single injection, since the ECU controls the process of opening and closing all injectors as the opening of one. On the other hand, the amount of fuel supplied to each individual cylinder may be different.
• Pair injection. The opening of electromagnetic injectors occurs in pairs, but at the same time one works on the intake stroke, and the second at the moment. Currently, such a scheme is used only at the stage of starting the engine or in emergency mode.
• Individual injection. This is the most commonly used scheme, in which each nozzle fires individually on the intake stroke. To ensure their operation, the system has a valve timing sensor. It is installed on camshaft and determines the response time of each nozzle depending on the position of the shaft. Fuel is injected into each cylinder once per engine cycle. The classic sequence of the nozzles: 1-3-4-2.

Differences of the MPI system

Many people confuse MPI with port injection in general, which also includes a direct injection system (FSI, DISI, TSI), in which fuel is supplied directly to each cylinder. This is an important distinction, since multi-point injection involves the formation of an air-fuel mixture in the channels intake manifold in front of the intake valves.

In addition, engines with multiport port injection are naturally aspirated, without the use of supercharging. And this means that such engines have less stringent requirements for fuel quality.

Advantages and disadvantages of multipoint injection

fuel rail distributor injection systems

The main advantages of the distributed (multi-point) injection system are more economical fuel consumption and compliance with environmental standards in comparison with a single injection or a carburetor. On the other hand, the MPI engine is less powerful than engines with direct fuel supply to the engine cylinders. At the same time, in comparison with systems with direct injection, it differs in less costly maintenance.

The disadvantages of distributed injection include the complexity of manufacturing, and, as a result, high cost. This also applies to repairs. electronic system and injectors. For maintenance and diagnostics, specialized equipment and highly qualified professionals.

For domestic conditions, multi-point distributed injection systems are considered the most optimal in terms of cost and ease of maintenance, as well as in terms of power output and operating comfort.