Zil - technical characteristics and features of operation. The territory of the ZIL plant: features, scheme and interesting facts When the last ZIL car was assembled

The industrial zones of Moscow occupy thousands of hectares. Some of these zones flourish and function, but most of them ceased their production many years ago and turned into chaotic warehouses and dumps. Let's see what is happening with the "rusty belt" of Moscow on the example of my beloved ZIL.

1. Today, 40% of Moscow's jobs are concentrated in the Central Administrative District, while only 8% of the population lives there. The reorganization of industrial zones is not only a continuous construction of housing (otherwise Moscow will simply burst), but also the construction of office buildings and new production sites that will create jobs next to housing on the periphery of the city.

2. I have special memories associated with ZIL. Let me remind you that I am a car designer by education, and all our training was somehow connected with this plant. Course projects based on ZIL vehicles, teachers who worked at this plant in the design department, practice and excursions to the workshops of this giant city. Since then, I have visited hundreds of similar factories, terrible and terrible, new and modern. I almost don’t remember the workshops of the old ZIL.

3. With the closure of ZIL, an entire era has passed. The Likhachev plant was the oldest Soviet automobile manufacturing company. I became a photographer, not a car designer. It's a pity, I don't know who the author of this ingenious shot is.

4. Now most of the plant's workshops have been dismantled. As far as I understand, part of the production has been preserved at the southern site of the plant, on the territory close to the thermal power plant. But as I read, the production of cars has stopped.

You need to understand what land development is, on which soils have been polluted for decades, waste products have been merged technical fluids and buried in the ground waste products. Before starting construction, the developers removed and removed all the soil, and brought in a new fertile layer.

5. Now several complex projects are being built on the territory of the ZIL plant at once: "Park of Legends", "Zilart" and "Technopark".

In addition, today in Moscow, renovation work is underway on a dozen industrial zones at once, some of which you probably know. Here are some of them:
- Former metallurgical plant Sickle and Hammer - "Symbol"
- Shelepikhinskaya embankment - "Heart of the capital"
- The former territory of Tushino Airport - "City on the River 2018"
- "Art-Kvartal" on the Yauza
- "Garden Quarters" in Khamovniki
- Ogorodny passage near Maryina Grove - "Savelovsky City"
- Grayvoronovo - "Wednesday"

6. I have already visited and filmed most of these industrial zones. And the complexes "Heart of the Capital" and "Symbol" are shot by photographers of our photo agency every month for several years. But today I would like to tell you about the Park of Legends sports and entertainment quarter, as it is very different from all similar projects.

7. How is it usually done by developers? First, build and sell more housing, and then deal with the infrastructure and social and cultural facilities. It's the other way around, more on that below.

This year, the TEN group of companies has begun construction of the Park of Legends residential area, which will be located just a couple of minutes from the ZIL MCC station. The photo shows the construction site of the first buildings, where a parking lot and the first floors of the monolith are being built.

8. According to the project, it is planned to build nine 24-storey towers. Under them will be located underground parking for a thousand cars.

9. The main distinguishing feature of the quarter under construction is a large sports component. The developer first of all took care of creating social infrastructure and only after that he began building housing, which is not at all typical for the residential real estate market. Usually the first years people live literally at a construction site. And large sports facilities have already been built here, around which houses are gradually growing.

In 2015, the Ice Palace, a huge Olympic-level building, was opened. At the beginning of 2017, a water sports complex will open, which will house the Anastasia Davydova Olympic Synchronized Swimming Center (in the center of the photo).

10. The Ice Palace is the first sports complex in Russia with three arenas under one roof. This is the first sports facility of such a level in Moscow, which was built on the territory that until recently was an industrial zone. In the quarter, a sports infrastructure of the highest level appeared much earlier than the delivery of the first apartments. Now the main thing is not to forget about kindergartens and schools)

12. On the other side of the Third Ring Road, an inhumanly sized Riviera shopping and entertainment center has been opened, which, according to my friends, is still mostly empty. I myself have not been there yet.

13. In the future, as part of the renovation of the territory of the ZIL industrial zone, it is also planned to expand the transport infrastructure and develop the road network. The photo shows the new station of the MCC "ZIL".

14. At the beginning of 2017, the commissioning of the energy center is planned, which will solve the issue of optimizing the consumption of energy resources and ensure the uninterrupted operation of all sports facilities.

15. An open-air skating rink "Park of Legends" was built near the ice palace. Another place has appeared in Moscow where there is a great opportunity to spend time with your family in the open air, go to a hockey match or play hockey yourself.

16. The street arena will host not only hockey matches, but also mass skating, parties with live music, master classes for children and parents with the opportunity to ride in full hockey equipment, figure skating lessons, meetings with legendary hockey players and much more.

19. And this building, which will soon be 100 years old. Object of cultural heritage "Office of the first automobile plant AMO in Russia". Before reconstruction, the building housed the ZIL museum, and now it is the first hockey museum in the history of Russian sports.

20. The factory management building is one of the best examples of the so-called industrial style in classical architecture.

21. And the most interesting object of the "Park of Legends" from the point of view of photography. The former body shop of the ZIL plant. A tall, huge box where I once walked among noisy stamping presses and welding machines.

22. For some reason, the developer did not demolish everything. All load-bearing structures were carefully preserved from the workshop. Now he is waiting new life- it will be an apartment complex, a business center and multi-level parking for 3,500 cars.

24. A huge parking lot occupies the first few floors of the former workshop. Now the parking lot is used for visitors to the ice palace, the hockey museum and the open skating rink.

25. The cost of parking is 50 rubles per hour. There is a fixed rate for events - 200 rubles, starting 2 hours before the match / concert and ending 2 hours after the event.

27. Ahh, this is the same tile that remembers the footprints of ZIL hard workers and the noise of multi-ton machines!

30. I do not know what justifies the preservation of load-bearing beams. But it's nice that at least something remains of the former shop.

31. Ready-made decor elements for future apartments)

32. Nearby you can see the ZilArt complex, known to everyone from one dubious advertising clip with Russian stars. I envy everyone who doesn't know what video this is about)

34. Industrial beauty of construction sites. I can shoot such objects endlessly)

35. Moscow is under construction!

Dmitry Chistoprudov,

ZIL Plant named after Likhachev- the oldest Russian automotive company. Full name - Open Joint Stock Moscow Company "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" (abbreviated as AMO ZIL).

Since 1916, the plant had different names:

January 1, 1916 - Repair and production workshops.
July 20 (August 2), 1916 - Moscow Automobile Plant, AMO.
April 30, 1923 - Moscow Automobile Plant. P. Ferrero.
1925 - 1st State car factory.
October 1, 1931 - "1st State Automobile Plant named after I.V. Stalin" (ZIS).
June 26, 1956 - Moscow Twice Order of Lenin Order of the Red Banner of Labor Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhacheva (ZIL). (Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 865).
July 13, 1971 - Moscow three times the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhachev Production Association (PO ZIL) (based on the order of the Ministry of the Automobile Industry of the USSR dated July 1, 1971 No. 221).
On September 23, 1992, the enterprise was reorganized into the Joint-Stock Moscow Company of an open type "Plant named after I.A. Likhachev" AMO ZIL (Moscow, registration chamber, MRP series, registration number No. 007.127, register of the RSFSR, OKPO code 00231395 and decision of the board of AMO ZIL).
July 15, 1996 to the Open Joint Stock Moscow Company "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" AMO ZIL (Moscow Registration Chamber, registration No. 7121-iu3).

About 64% of the shares of AMO ZIL are controlled by the Moscow government. In 2003, the city authorities transferred ZIL to the management of the Moscow Automobile Company ("MAK"), a subsidiary of the Center for Investment Projects and Programs ("CIPP"). Founded by businessman Grigory Luchansky in the late nineties, CIPP specializes in management consulting, anti-crisis management and project financing. At the beginning of 2011, MAK was removed from the management of AMO ZIL due to low work efficiency. According to Sergei Sobyanin, the activities of the MAK at the enterprise will be subject to verification.

The plant was founded in 1916 as part of a government program to create an automotive industry in Russia. Within the framework of this program, it was supposed to build six new automobile plants in Russia. The trading house "Kuznetsov, Ryabushinsky" was taken for the construction of one of them. The contract for the construction of the plant provided for the following conditions:

On February 27, 1916, the Main Military Technical Directorate (GVTU) and the Trading House Kuznetsov, Ryabushinsky and K˚ entered into an agreement for the supply of 1,500 vehicles. The total order is 27,000,000 rubles. The supplier's plant must be launched no later than October 7, 1916. By March 7, 1917, at least 10 percent of the entire supply (that is, 150 vehicles) must be manufactured.

On account of the money due under this agreement, the supplier is entitled to receive an advance payment in the amount of 32.5% of the contract amount. The loan is issued upon signing the contract in the amount of 10 percent of the cost of the order (in the amount of 2 million 700 thousand rubles).

In accordance with the agreement, it was planned to launch the production of a licensed 1.5-ton FIAT 15 Ter truck of the 1915 model at the plant. The contract concluded by the Ryabushinskys with FIAT provided for rather strict conditions. For each AMO car, it was necessary to pay 1,000 francs to an Italian company with the release of 1,500 units per year. For each car produced in excess of this amount - 500 francs. In addition, FIAT was paid 1,100,000 francs at the start of the plant and 200,000 in subsequent years. The Ryabushinskys also pledged not to export their products abroad.

The charter of the “Partnership on Shares of the Moscow Automobile Society” was approved on May 18, 1916, and on August 2 (July 20, old style) of the same 1916, a solemn prayer service and the laying of an automobile plant took place in Tyufel grove. Dmitry Dmitrievich Bondarev was appointed the first director. The construction of the plant was carried out under the guidance of prominent specialists A. V. Kuznetsov and A. F. Loleit. The facades of some buildings were designed by the architect K. S. Melnikov.

Because of the revolutions of 1917, inflation, high interest rates on loans, and finally, because of the collapse transport system countries, the construction of none of the listed plants was completed. At the end of 1917, the readiness of the plant was, according to various estimates, from 2/3 to 3/4. The plant had about 500 of the latest American machine tools.

Realizing that it would not be possible to manufacture the first 150 machines by the deadline specified in the contract (March 15, 1917), the plant management decided to purchase sets of parts in Italy and begin the “screwdriver” assembly. In December 1916, the first kits were sent from Italy to Moscow. In total, the plant managed to assemble 1319 FIAT 15 Ter trucks, of which 432 units. in 1917, 779 units. - in 1918 and 108 units. - in 1919. When the sets of parts ran out, the unfinished plant turned into large repair shops.

On August 15, 1918, the Supreme Council of National Economy, on the basis of a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of June 28, 1918, declared all the property of the AMO plant to be the property of the republic. The pretext for nationalization was the failure of the Ryabushinsky terms of the contract with the Military Department. The plant, although slowly, was being completed. In addition to assembling FIAT 15 Ter trucks from the remaining kits, orders were filled for spare parts for railway cars, vulcanizers and kerosene lamps were made. Then, in October 1918, the plant took up overhaul trucks coming from the front.

On February 17, 1919, AMO, among other unfinished plants, became part of the Avtotrust formed by the decision of the Supreme Council of National Economy, and in March 1921 - part of Tsugaz.

In 1919 - 1923 the factory was engaged in the repair of trucks foreign brands and established the production of motors. The most massive restored (actually anew) model in this period was the American 3-ton White TAD truck, which was overhauled by the AMO in the amount of 131 units. At the same time, the machines received new engine, clutch and gearbox. By the end of 1922, AMO was already manufacturing up to 75% of the components of White cars. The truck thus upgraded was named White-AMO. They even wanted to put it into production, but preference was still given to the lighter FIAT 15 Ter, which had design documentation. And the White-AMO documentation (along with repair devices) was transferred for development to the First State Automobile Repair Plant (the former Lebedev Plant), where the Ya-3 truck was created on its basis, which was produced from 1925 to 1928 and became the ancestor of all pre-war YAGs.

In total, the enterprise over the years has overhauled 230 vehicles, made an average repair of 18 and Maintenance 67 cars and repaired 137 motorcycles. Since 1920, AMO participated in the Soviet tank program, in particular, from February to July, 24 tank engines for the Russian Renault tank were manufactured.

On April 30, 1923, the AMO plant was named after the Italian trade unionist Pietro Ferrero (1892 - 1922), who was killed by the Nazis.

After the end of the civil war, the country was able to devote more forces and resources to the creation of new technology. For 1922/23, the Council of Labor and Defense (STO) allocated funds for experimental car building at the AMO plant. The same FIAT 15 Ter, which proved itself well in front-line service, served as the initial model. In June 1923, the State Planning Committee of the USSR approved the production task for the plant for 1923-1927. However, only in March 1924, the plant received a specific government assignment for the manufacture of the first Soviet trucks.

The first one and a half ton truck AMO-F-15 was assembled on the night of November 1, 1924. On November 7, a convoy of already ten cars passed in a parade along Red Square, and on November 25, at noon, three cars from the top ten (No. 1, No. 8 and No. 10) set off from Red Square to the first for domestic cars test run along the route: Moscow - Tver - Vyshny Volochek - Novgorod - Leningrad - Luga - Vitebsk - Smolensk - Roslavl - Moscow. The success of the rally confirmed the sufficient level of quality of AMO products, and since March 1925, mass production of AMO-F-15 cars began - in 1925, 113 cars were manufactured, and in the next year, 1926, already 342 copies.

In 1925, the AMO plant was renamed the 1st State Automobile Plant. In 1927, I. A. Likhachev was appointed director. Production gradually increased, and by 1931 6971 copies were made. AMO-F-15 of which 2590 units. was produced in the 1929/30 business year. The design of the AMO-F-15 was also improved, which experienced two upgrades in its relatively short production cycle at AMO.

However, the cost of the machine, which contained a large number of non-ferrous metal parts and was manufactured using artisanal methods, was prohibitive: in 1927/28, the cost of the AMO-F-15 was 8,500 rubles, while ford car in units with delivery to the country, cost 800-900 rubles. And the scale of slipway production was completely unsatisfactory for a country that was developing industrialization. In 1928, there was an urgent need for a complete reconstruction of the plant and the transition to a completely new model of a truck.

In 1930, a license was purchased for the American Autocar-5S truck (Autocar-5S) for production at the AMO. The truck assembled from American kits was called AMO-2. After localization in 1931 and the launch of the conveyor (the first in the USSR), it was renamed AMO-3, and its engine power was increased compared to the early model from 54 to 72 hp. With. After modernization in 1933, the truck was renamed ZIS-5. In 1934, after the completion of a radical reconstruction of the enterprise (up to 100,000 vehicles per year), this legendary truck in the future went into mass production. The daily output of ZIS-5 exceeded 60 vehicles. On the basis of the ZIS-5, 25 models and modifications were created, of which 19 went into series.

ZIS (ZIL) has repeatedly been a pioneer in the application of many design innovations in the domestic automotive industry: among them hydraulic drive brakes (1931), 12-volt equipment system (1934), eight-cylinder engine and radio (1936), hypoid main gear and power windows (1946), four-barrel carburetor and air conditioning (1959) , four-headlight lighting system (1962), disc brakes (1967).

In 1953, according to the Soviet-Chinese "Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance" according to the documentation Soviet plant VMS was built and fully equipped at no cost by Automobile Plant No. 1, which later became the First Automotive Works (FAW), which remains today the leader of China's fast-growing automotive industry. The first young FAW specialists were trained and trained in the USSR at the ZIS plant. Among them was the future leader of the PRC (1993-2003) and General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee (1989-2002) Jiang Zemin.

AMO ZIL specializes in the production of trucks gross weight from 6.95 t to 14.5 t, small class buses 6.6-7.9 m long (manufactured to order) and cars executive class(production under the order). In 1975-1989 the plant annually assembled 195-210 thousand trucks. In the 1990s, production fell catastrophically to 7.2 thousand trucks (1996), after 2000 it increased to 22 thousand, then began to decline again. In 2009, 2.24 thousand cars were produced. From 1924 to 2009, the plant produced 7 million 870 thousand 089 trucks, 39 thousand 536 buses (in 1927-1961, 1963-1994 and since 1997) and 12 thousand 148 cars (in 1936-2000 years; of which 72% - ZIS-101). In addition, in 1951-2000. 5.5 million household refrigerators were manufactured and in 1951-1959. - 3.24 million bicycles. Over 630 thousand cars were exported to 51 countries of the world.

ZIL has repeatedly been a pioneer in the application of many design innovations in the domestic automotive industry. Among them:
hydraulic brake drive (1931),
12-volt equipment system (1934),
eight-cylinder engine; radio receiver (1936),
hypoid final drive and power windows (1946),
four-chamber carburetor; air conditioning (1959)
four-headlight lighting system (1962),
disc brakes (1967).

After the collapse of the USSR, the enterprise began to rapidly degrade: production facilities were being destroyed, production volumes had decreased many times over.

In 2004, AMO ZIL took part in the creation of the AMO Plant in Jelgava (Latvia). The plant is still one of the shareholders of the enterprise.

In 2008, AMO ZIL planned to organize a joint venture with the Chinese company Sinotruk for the production of heavy diesel trucks of the HOWO A5 and HOWO A7 brands. Due to the crisis, the project was not implemented.

In 2009 AMO ZIL (together with branches) shipped 2253 trucks (49.6% against 2008) and 4 buses (44.4% against 2008) to consumers. In 2009, the company's revenue amounted to 2.702 billion rubles. (74.8% by 2008).

In 2010, the company produced 1,258 trucks and 5 buses (according to JSC ASM-Holding, AMO ZIL's own production was 1,106 trucks and 5 buses, as well as 125 units of dump trucks manufactured by CJSC SAAZ). Also in 2010, ZIL finished manufacturing several copies of the ZIL-410441 convertible, intended for participation in parade ceremonies.

In 2009, an agreement was reached with Belarus on the assembly of MAZ trucks and Belarus tractors at the facilities of ZIL in the amount of up to 500 units. per year for the needs of the city economy of Moscow. In the course of optimizing production, the territory of the enterprise should be reduced to 62 hectares (in 1916 - 63 hectares).

In 2010, AMO ZIL resumed its attempts to establish partnerships with a company from China. During the ceremonial donation of two Foton Lovol hybrid buses to the city of Moscow, AMO ZIL and Foton Lovol signed a memorandum of understanding and expressed their desire to establish a joint venture for the production of trucks in the future.

As of 2011, the enterprise is in a deep crisis, a significant part of the production area has been destroyed [non-authoritative source?]. The new top managers of AMO ZIL are looking for a foreign partner to organize contract manufacturing of cars or to rent a production complex. The management held meetings and negotiations with representatives of the Chinese company Sinotruk, the Italian company FIAT, the Dutch DAF Trucks with a proposal to organize the production of their vehicles at AMO ZIL in Russia, but so far they have not met with interest.

The leadership of the Indian concern Tata Motors and the Chinese company Sinotruk approached representatives of the Department of Foreign Economic Affairs of the Moscow Government with a proposal for a possible gratuitous transfer to the concern of 50% of the shares of AMO ZIL, explaining this by the fact that in order to invest in its current form, AMO ZIL requires serious reconstruction and modernization. But the proposal from the Moscow government met with little interest. Beginning Department of Foreign Economic Affairs of the Government of Moscow July 22, 2011 Evgeny Dridze stated:
We are not interested in such an offer from the Indian concern Tata Motors to the Chinese company Sinotruk, if we announce the sale of our shares in AMO ZIL, a long queue will line up for us, we have many who want to build commercial real estate on this site, and they offer to give them away for free, although we understand them - investments require guarantees.

In September 2011, after a long downtime, the ZIL conveyor was launched again.

In 2011, between JSC "Plant im. I. A. Likhachev” (AMO ZIL) and CJSC “Management Company “Razvitie”” signed an agreement for the management of a part of real estate and the implementation of research work on the development of the territory of the enterprise.

According to JSC ASM-Holding, in 2011 AMO ZIL produced 1,199 trucks and not a single bus. Also in 2011, ZIL produced 1 copy of the ZIL-410441 convertible. At the end of 2011, the production of the Bychok family was transferred to the Saratov region. at ZAO Petrovsky Auto Parts Plant AMO ZIL. On December 26, the solemn launch of the assembly line for the assembly of ZIL-5301 "Bychok" cars took place at the enterprise of CJSC "PZA AMO ZIL". The production of ZIL-5301 (and ZIL-4327) vehicles was transferred from Moscow from the main site of AMO ZIL. Until the end of 2011, PZA AMO ZIL CJSC manufactured the first 3 Bychok cars, and in the future it intends to make its all-wheel drive subfamily ZIL-4327.

On February 15, 2012, Andrei Sharonov, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Economic Policy, said that the Moscow authorities were negotiating with Fiat to assemble cars of this brand at ZIL. According to him, South Korean automakers also showed interest in the plant.

At the end of 2012, the Moscow government decided to maintain production at the southern site of the plant, with an area of 50 hectares (the entire territory of the plant occupies 300 hectares), the remaining areas will be occupied by a technopark and the construction of residential buildings.

Awards

In June 1942, ZIS was awarded the first Order of Lenin for the excellent organization of the production of ammunition and weapons.
In October 1944, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
In November 1949, the plant was awarded the second Order of Lenin for merits in the development of the Soviet automobile industry and in connection with the 25th anniversary of the Soviet automobile.
In 1971, the plant was awarded the third Order of Lenin for the successful implementation of the eighth five-year plan.
In 1975, the plant was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for the successful completion of work on creating capacities for the production of 200,000 cars per year.

Car models ZIL

ZIS-101 (1936-1940)
ZIS-101S (1937-1941)
ZIS-101A (1940-1941)
ZIS-102 (1939-1940)
ZIS-102A (1940-1941)
ZIS-101A-Sport (1939)
ZIS-110 (1945-1958)
ZIS-110A (1949-1957)
ZIS-110B (1945-1958)
ZIS-110P (1955)
ZIL-111 (1958-1962)
ZIL-111A (1958-1962)
ZIL-111V (1960-1962)
ZIL-111G (1962-1967)
ZIL-111D (1964-1967)
ZIL-114 (1967-1976)
ZIL-114AE (1967-1976)
ZIL-114E (1967-1976)
ZIL-114K (1967-1976)
ZIS-115 (1949)
ZIL-117 (1971-1983)
ZIL-117E (1971-1983)
ZIL-117V (1973-1979)
ZIL-115 (1976-1983)
ZIL-4104 (1976-1983)
ZIL-41042 (1976-1983)
ZIL-41043 (1980-1983)
ZIL-41044 (1981)
ZIL-41045 (1983-1986)
ZIL-41046 (1983)
ZIL-4105 (1983)
ZIL-41048 (1984)
ZIL-41049 (1984)
ZIL-41051 (1984)
ZIL-41047 (1985-2009)
ZIL-41041 (1986-2009)
ZIL-41052 (1987-1999)
ZIL-4107 (1988-1999)
ZIL-41072 (1989-1999)
ZIL-4112R (since 2012)
TM 1131 "Tulyak" ("Mishka") (since 2012)

Racing models of ZIL cars

ZIL-112S
ZIS-101A-Sport
ZIS-112 (1951)
ZIL-112S (1962)

Truck models of ZIL cars

ZIL-130
ZIL-131
ZIL-5301E2 "Bull"
ZIL-4362 and ZIL-433180
Fire unit ATs-40 on the ZIL-131 chassis in Vinnitsa
Fiat-15 Ter (1917-1919)
AMO-F-15 (1924-1931)
AMO-2 (1930-1931)
AMO-3 (1931-1933)
ZIS-5 (1933-1941)
ZIS-5V (1942-1946)
ZIS-6 (1934-1941)
ZIS-22 (1941)
ZIS-22M (1941)
ZIS-32 (1941)
ZIS-42 (1942-1944)
ZIS-42M (1942-1944)
ZIS-50 (1946-1948)
ZIS-150 (1947-1957)
ZIS-151 (1948-1958)
ZIL-164 (1957-1964)
ZIL-157 (1958-1991)
ZIL-130 (1963-1976)
ZIL-130-76 (1976-1980)
ZIL-130-80 (1980-1986)
ZIL-131 (1966-1986)
ZIL-131N (1986-1990)
ZIL-138 (1975-1993)
ZIL-138A (1983-1994)
ZIL-133G1 (1975-1979)
ZIL-133G2 (1977-1984)
ZIL-133GYA (1979-1992)
ZIL-4314 (1986-1995)
ZIL-4331 (1986-2002)
ZIL-133G4 (1992-2002)
ZIL-534330 (1999-2003)
ZIL-433360 (since 1992)
ZIL-5301 "Bull" (since 1996)
ZIL-4334 (since 1995)
ZIL-4327 (since 1998)
ZIL-6309 (1999-2002)
ZIL-432930 (since 2003)
ZIL-433180 (since 2003)
ZIL-436200 (since 2009)

ZIL buses

AMO-F-15 (1926-1931) - small city, postal, tourist (open) on the AMO-F-15 chassis
AMO-4 (1932-1933) - urban on the AMO-3 chassis
ZIS-8 (1934-1936) - urban on the ZIS-12 chassis
ZIS-16 (1938-1941) - urban on the ZIS-15 chassis
ZIS-16S (1940-1941) - ambulance on chassis with cab ZIS-12
ZIS-154 (1947-1949) - large urban, diesel-electric power plant rear location
ZIS-155 (1949-1957) - large city using elements of the ZIS-150 chassis
ZIS-127 (1955-1961) - large intercity diesel
ZIL-129 - large urban, experimental (rear-engined)
ZIL-158 (1957-1959) - large city using elements of the ZIL-164 chassis
ZIL-118 "Youth" (1961-1970) - small representative using elements of the ZIL-111 chassis
ZIL-118K "Yunost" (1971-1991) - small representative using elements of the ZIL-114 / ZIL-115 chassis
ZIL-3207 "Youth" (1991-1999) - small representative using elements of the ZIL-41047 chassis
ZIL-3250 (1997 - present) - small city, representative, special on the ZIL-5301 chassis

Experimental models of ZIL cars

ZIS-153 - half-tracked transporter
ZIL-E167 - snowmobile (1963)
ZIL-4102
ZIS-E134
ZIL-170 - the future KamAZ-5320.

Special equipment ZIL

ZIS-152 (BTR-152) (1950-1955) - armored personnel carrier, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIS-152V (BTR-152V) (1955-1957) - armored personnel carrier, wheel formula 6 × 6
BTR-152V1 (1957-1962) - armored personnel carrier, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIS-485 (BAV) (1952-1958) - amphibian, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIL-485A (BAV) (1959-1962) - amphibian, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIL-135L (1961-1962) - special cross-country vehicle, wheel formula 8 × 8
ZIL-135K, ZIL-135M (1961-1962) - special cross-country vehicle, wheel arrangement 8 × 8
ZIL-135LM (1963-1964) - a special off-road vehicle, wheel arrangement 8 × 8
ZIL-135P (1965) - seagoing amphibian
ZIL-135E (1965) - special chassis with electric transmission with motor wheels
PES-1 (1966-1979) - search and evacuation unit
ZIL-4904 - auger snow and swamp vehicle
Project 490 - search and rescue complex "Blue Bird", consisting of three all-terrain vehicles:
ZIL-4906 (1975-1991) - cargo all-terrain vehicle
ZIL-49061 (1975-1991) - cargo-passenger all-terrain vehicle
ZIL-29061 (1979-1983) - auger snow and swamp vehicle
ZIL-497200 (since 1992) - a cross-country vehicle with a KTs-4972 van body
MDK-433362 (since 2006) - combined road machine
AC 3.2-40 (since 1998) - fire truck on the chassis ZIL-433104 and ZIL-433114
ATs 0.8-40/2 (since 2000) - fire truck on ZIL-530104 chassis
ZIL-5301AR (since 2003) - tow truck, 4 × 2 wheel arrangement
ZIL-5302AR (2004-2008) - tow truck with a crane-manipulator, wheel formula 6 × 2
ZIL-4329KM (since 2009) - road foreman's car

All-terrain vehicles ZIL

ZIL-132S
PKTs-1 "Aeroll"
ShN-68 "Auger"
ZIL-4904
ZIL-3906 "Aeroll"

At the end of last year, many publications reported: released last truck brand ZIL. Where? By whom? After all, according to the official reports of AMO ZIL, the plant stopped car production a long time ago. Auto Mail.Ru found out that the assembly of the legendary trucks was really curtailed in Moscow, but not now, but in September. But at the same time, the latest ZIL, it seems, has not yet been done!

From flagship to bankruptcy

In 1975-1989, the Likhachev Plant annually assembled 195-210 thousand trucks, and by 1996 the production volume had collapsed to 7 thousand units. After the collapse of the USSR, the market began to need either light or heavy trucks - with a carrying capacity of less than 3 or more than 10 tons, respectively. Voracious gasoline (!) Zilov medium-tonnage trucks, as an intermediate link, were not in demand.

They tried to save the company. In 1994, the production of model 431410 was stopped (at the end of the conveyor life, the ancient ZIL-130 was hidden behind this index), they gave entrepreneurs "Bull" - after 2000, sales grew to 22 thousand. But then there was only a fall, which ended quite naturally - in 2013, only 95 cars were assembled.

The dispassionate annual report of AMO ZIL reports: “in 2014, two exclusive car"Hunter", serial ZIL cars were not produced. At the same time, “the main share of own production was the sale of energy carriers (heat and electricity) to third parties”, “the production of cars and auto components has been discontinued”.

Moscow history

But. New trucks for sale on classifieds sites! It turns out that the cars were made by ZIL LLC, a company whose director is Gennady Yarkov, the last chief engineer of the AMO. In the press-welding building of the automobile plant (!) a dozen employees assembled model 432940 in small batches from the backlog that remained from the main production.

The "underground workers" had bridges, cabins, frames... Motors were brought from Belarus. But the hoods were not enough. In general, the Zilovsky hood is a bulky and complex structure, consisting of many parts; in previous years, the plant had a separate area for assembling this part of the cabin. So I had to carry out restyling, introducing plastic plumage instead of a metal "nose".

In addition, the resurrected medium-duty truck received a fully synchronized gearbox, power windows, and more. wheel, anatomical seats with many adjustments, noise isolation, ABS and even a 12-volt outlet. It was possible to make 5-10 cars per month, each of which cost from 2 million rubles - expensive, but the brand's adherents supported the "survivors".

By the way, model 432940, which was produced by ZIL LLC, is a rear-wheel drive chassis with a gross weight of 11 tons with a 130-horsepower MMZ tractor diesel engine of the D-245 series. Moreover, in many sources, the products of the semi-secret workshop are called ZIL-43276T. Although the 4327 family, according to the Zilov tradition, should have four-wheel drive. It's simple: what documents were, such an index was assigned to remakes.

There will be no more cars: the last ZIL truck in Moscow was released on September 24, 2016. Employees of the LLC were fired, the shop building will be demolished. The "final" car itself will not be sent to the museum or to the storerooms - the Novomoskovsk Machine-Building Plant mounted an appropriate superstructure on the chassis, and the unique car went ... to the Kazan tram depot, where it will work as a "fly".

Ural footprint

Many are sure that ZIL brand equipment continues to be produced in the Urals: they say that they are regularly found in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. We tell. The Moscow plant had several branches, including the Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ) from the city of Novouralsk, Sverdlovsk Region. The latter produced ZIL-130 trucks and ZIL-131 all-terrain vehicles.

So. Models expelled from Moscow were stamped by the Novourals until 2011 (since 2003, the enterprise came under the control of the Severnaya Kazna bank and became known as AMUR - Cars and Motors of the Urals) - which is why there are quite a lot of well-preserved "one hundred and thirty" at the junction of Europe and Asia. Now the former branch of the Likhachev Plant is bankrupt, and there is nowhere to get new trucks.

Or almost nowhere. In Novouralsk, too, there were stocks of components and ... stocks of TCP in 2012-2013. According to this not too legal scheme, “enthusiasts” assemble all-wheel drive three-axle vehicles with 150-horsepower six-liter carburetor engines to order. The issue price is only 1.5 million rubles. But it is clear that the history of the project will end as soon as the supply of documents runs out.

P.S. According to the traffic police, 416,380 ZIL vehicles are registered in Russia - this is the third most popular brand of trucks. But there are only a little more than 20 thousand cars younger than 2006.

Full title:	OJSC "Plant named after Likhachev"
Other names:	ZIL, Moscow Automobile Society (AMO), Moscow Automobile Society. Ferrero, 1st State Automobile Plant, Plant named after Stalin, JSC "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" AMO ZIL
Existence:	1916 - present day
Location:	Russia, Moscow
General manager:	I.V. Zakharov.
Products:	Trucks, cars.
The lineup:	ZiS: ZiS-101; ZiS-101A-Sport; ZiS-102; ZiS-110; ZiS-112; ZiS-115; ZiS-5; ZiS-8; ZiS-16; ZiS-22; ZiS-22/ZiS-22-50/52; ZiS-127; ZiS-150/151; ZiS-154; ZiS-155; ZIL: ZIL-111; ZIL-111G/111D/111V; ZIL-112S; Zil-114; Zil-117; Zil-130; Zil-157; Zil-131; Zil-41044 (Zil-115V); Zil-432930; ; Experimental: ZiS-E134 Model No. 1; Zil-E167; UralZis-352; ZIL-5901 (PEU-2); Zil - PKU 1; Military: ZiS-485 BAV;

History of the Zil plant

August 2 (according to the old style - July 20) 1916 is considered the date of foundation of the ZIL plant. On that day, Major General G. Krivoshein, in Tyufeleva Grove, near Moscow, in front of a large number of people, laid the first stone, which became the foundation of the new plant. The main persons of the project were Sergey and Stepan Ryabushinsky - well-known entrepreneurs and A. Kuznetsov, known as the owner of the Pereyaslav Manufactory. The Ryabushinskys planned to start production of a one and a half ton FIAT-15 Ter truck (model of 1915) at the plant and at the same time produce staff cars, the license for which belonged to the French company Hotchkiss.

A celebration was held in Tyufeleva Grove dedicated to the start of the construction of an automobile plant, which was planned to produce 150 trucks by March 1917. However, certain difficulties prevented plans for the construction of the plant, and the Ryabushinskys purchase F-15 machine kits in Italy. The first director of AMO, Dmitry Dmitrievich Bondarev, is a talented engineer who previously headed the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. Engineers-technicians and former workers of the automobile branch of the Riga company became the core of the team of the Moscow plant.

However, the October Revolution, followed by the civil war and devastation, prevented the construction of the plant, which was never built. By the time of the revolution, the plant was 95% completed. AMO was nationalized on August 15, 1918, accusing the Ryabushinskys of violating the terms of the contract signed with the Military Department.

Industrialization coupled with collectivization increased the need for cars several times, but nationalization turned the plant into a workshop for the repair of foreign trucks. During the period from 1919 to 923, the plant repaired mainly American 3-ton Whites, in parallel trying to establish the production of motors.

At that time, the truck could be put into production, but as a result, preference was given to the FIAT-15 Ter, for which there were drawings and the design of which was lighter. In addition, over the years, the company has restored 230 cars, the average repair was made for 18, and the current one for 67. 137 motorcycles were repaired.

Start of car production.

In 1917, 432 trucks were assembled at the plant, the following year - 779, and 108 cars in 1919. But, at the same time, the plant was not completed for the manufacture of its own cars. The reason for this is the October Revolution and the war. Nationalization turned the unfinished enterprise into several large workshops specializing in the repair of cars and other equipment. From the beginning of 1920, the AMO took part in the Soviet tank program. In the period from February to July, 24 tank engines of the Russian Renault tank were manufactured here.

April 30, 1923 The plant received the name of the communist Ferrero, an Italian killed by the Nazis. But only in March 1924, the plant received a government order to produce the first batch of Soviet trucks.

In 1925, the plant was given the name of the 1st State Automobile Plant. In 1927, I.A. became the director of the plant. Likhachev. The plant was subordinate to the auto trust, which decided to start its reconstruction.

Production picked up pace. The year 1930 was marked by the purchase of a license for an American Autocar-5S truck with a payload of 2.5 tons. The plans were to produce trucks using the conveyor method.

The launch of the reconstructed plant took place in 1931, and on October 1 of the same year, it was named after Stalin (Plant named after Stalin, ZIS). October 25, 1931 is the launch date of the first Soviet automobile assembly line, which produced the first batch of 27 AMO-3 trucks.

During the first five-year plans, in accordance with the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, housing construction was launched. The workers of the factories "Dynamo" and "Amo" were placed in the village of Dubrovka, which was under construction.

Since 1932, the production of minibuses AMO-4 (aka ZIS-8) began.

On August 21, 1933, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to make a second reconstruction of the plant, which was aimed at expanding the range of cars.

After undergoing reconstruction in 33-37, ZiS produced new modification- ZIS -5, which was given the nickname "Zakhar". Since 1934, ZIS-6 trucks and ZIS-8 buses began to be produced. Cars ZIS-101 began to roll off the assembly line in 1936. Special vehicles based on ZIS and AMO were produced by many enterprises. Ambulances began to be produced in the late twenties. For them, the AMO-F-15 cargo chassis was used. Experimental models of thermo-vans were built in 1932-33 on the basis of Shissy AMO-4. The Aremkuz plant in the same year produced bread vans on the AMO-3, ZIS-5 chassis. The Leningrad Dairy Plant began to produce isometric milk tanks in 1934.

military period.

The plant was evacuated from Moscow to the east on October 15, 1941. The equipment of the plant was transported to the cities of Ulyanovsk, Shchadrinsk, Chelyabinsk, Miass. The basis of the new factories was the evacuated equipment and people. This is how the Ulyanovsk, Ural Automobile Plants, Chelyabinsk Forging and Press Plant, and Shadrinsk Aggregate Plant appeared. At the end of the 41st year, the original plant was prepared for destruction and stopped. But after the Red Army carried out a successful offensive in the winter of 41-42, the ZIS began to work little by little, and in June 1942 this work bore fruit in the form of ZIS-5V military trucks (assembled from early production parts), ZIS-22 half-track tractors and ZIS-42 and all kinds of weapons for the front. The first "Zakhar" was released in Ulyanovsk on April 30, 1942. The post-war ZIS-150 truck is based on one of the ZIS-15 variants, the ZIS-15K.

Approximately one hundred thousand ZIS-5V, ZIS-42, ZIS-42M trucks and ZIS-16S ambulance buses were produced during the war years. At the same time, in June 1942, the ZIS was awarded the first Order of Lenin for the impeccable organization of the production of weapons and ammunition.

In the fall of 1942, the Stalin plant received instructions from the country's leadership: to begin the development and construction of a new passenger car on its own. Andrey Nikolaevich Ostrovtsev, deputy chief designer for passenger cars, was specially invited to the enterprise. He was entrusted with the work of creating the ZIS-110 machine and all its modifications necessary in the future. On September 20, 1944, the GKO (State Defense Commission) approved a prototype ZIS-110. In September of the same year, the ZIS-110 machine was put into serial production.

During the war years, the ZIS plant produced weapons for the front. These are machine guns, mines, shells, mortars and more.

Since the enemy troops were approaching the capital faster and faster, the normal functioning of the ZIS enterprise was in jeopardy. In this regard, on October 15, 1941, production was stopped, and the workshops were urgently transferred to the east. Nevertheless, this laborious process made it possible to launch the production of trucks and their components by April 1942.

In the spring of 1942, the city of Ulyanovsk again began to produce cars, but in a modernized and simplified form, under the ZIS - 5V brand. Production in Moscow was established by the summer of 1942, and the production of ZISs at the Ural Automobile Plant Miass began in the summer of 1944.

After the victory in Germany, Hitler's archives were opened, which contained detailed reports describing the tests Soviet cars. Zis cars were rated especially highly in them. Possessing exceptional strength and unpretentiousness, as well as having excellent cross-country ability. In terms of production scale, the ZIS-5 was second only to the Gorky "lorry", and due to its high technical characteristics it was widely used in the army.

The plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in October 1944.

For another two decades after the victory in the war, the ZIS-5 did not leave the assembly lines. The Miass Automobile Plant made consistent improvements to the truck. This is how the UralZIS-5M and UralZIS-355 models arose. The pinnacle of production was the popular UralZIS-355M model, released in 1965.

The defeat of the fascist troops provided the conditions for the reevacuation of a number of factories to Moscow. On January 6, 1941, the State Defense Committee decided to resume the production of cars, while not violating the pace of defense production.

The ZIS plant was reconstructed for the third time in 1946. The purpose of the reconstruction was the production of the first post-war products, namely the ZIS-150 trucks (the start of production in 1947), as well as the ZIS-151 off-road trucks, which began to be produced in 1948.

November 1949 brought the plant an award with the second Order of Lenin for merits in the field of Soviet automotive engineering, as well as in connection with the 25th anniversary of the production of the Soviet car.

On April 30, 1950, refrigerators were included in the production of the plant, January 1951 was marked by the release of the first bicycle, the production of which continued until 1959.

At the beginning of 1953, a special department was created at the plant, which was engaged in the design of the first Chinese automobile plant. ZIS specialists provided assistance to the Chinese in Changchun, where the first Chinese truck called "Jiefang" was put into production, which was a copy of the ZIS-150.

In 1954, at the insistence of Marshal Zhukov, a design bureau was created at the plant, which was engaged in the creation of special equipment for mobile missile systems.

After the death of Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev in 1956, the plant was named after him. The end of this year was marked by the assembly of two samples of post-war trucks of the second generation (ZIL-130, ZIL-131).

In 1957, the production of the ZIL-164, 164A car began, which replaced the ZIS-150. The engine of this car was modernized, and the rear axle acquired a stamped beam.

The ZIS-155 bus was replaced by new model- ZIL-158.

In the period from 1975 to 1989, the plant produced annually 195-210 thousand trucks. In the 90s, the volume of production began to decline rapidly, in 1996 amounting to only 7.2 thousand trucks, but later rose again to 21-22 thousand. In the period 1924-2006, the plant produced 7 million 853 thousand 985 trucks, 39 thousand 501 buses, and 12 thousand 145 cars (from 1936 to 2006). In addition, from 1951 to 2000 produced 5.5 million household refrigerators, 3.24 million bicycles in just 8 years of production. At the same time, more than 630 thousand cars were exported, exported to 51 countries of the world.

In 1978, the outdated representative model ZIL-114 was replaced by the ZIL-4104.

Since 1979, ZIL-133GYa trucks began to be produced instead of ZIL-133G2, which were equipped with diesel engine KAMAZ-740 with a capacity of 210 hp, as well as a 10-speed gearbox and had reinforced springs.

The plant played a huge role in the production of KamAZ. It was ZIL who designed the foundry and car assembly buildings. Samples of the created trucks became the basis of car models from Naberezhnye Chelny.

The largest reconstruction in the history of the plant began in 1982 and coincided with dramatic economic changes in the country.

1984 was marked by the release of the first ZIL-130 vehicles with modernization front wheel drive under the index ZIL-431410. However, in the 90s, the production of this model (as well as ZIL-131N) was transferred to the Ural Automotive Plant, located near Yekaterinburg in Novouralsk.

In the early 1990s, the previously secret production of special all-terrain vehicles was transformed into OJSC Vezdekhod GVA. The name of the enterprise includes the initials of the founder all-terrain vehicles V. A. Gracheva. The rescue amphibian "Blue Bird" became the most interesting exhibit. It was offered both in cargo (ZIL-4906) and cargo-passenger (ZIL-49061), which had a 6 by 6 drive, as well as gasoline or diesel engines with a capacity of 136-185 hp. pp., onboard ten-speed transmission, disc brakes, independent torsion bar suspension, fiberglass body, which was equipped with radio navigation devices with rescue equipment.

Present tense.

When the USSR collapsed in December 1991, long-term intra-union ties were severed. Therefore, a revision and expansion was carried out production program, which was facilitated by competition with foreign firms, which became a novelty in the history of ZIL.

ZIL was privatized on September 23, 1992, becoming AMO ZIL, retaining the ZIL trademark. The Board of Directors became a new management body in the history of the plant and was adopted by the shareholders' meeting. In 1992, in connection with the renewal of the market, a 3-ton low-tonnage ZIL-5301 was developed. Moscow Mayor Luzhkov gave him the famous nickname "Bull".

In 1992, a small number of ZIL-4421 truck tractors were manufactured specifically for truck circuit racing (car power up to 900 kg.)

The last ZIL-130 truck left the assembly line on December 30, 1994. In the same year, small-scale production of the ZIL-5301 family began, the chassis of which served as the base for buses and an all-metal van with a capacity of 15 + 1 and 21 + 1.

Trunk truck tractor ZIL-6404 was introduced in 1996. Its 410-horsepower engine made it possible to tow road trains with a curb weight of up to 40 tons at speeds up to 105 km/h.

The ZIL-432720 car with a wheelbase of 3340 mm was put into production in 1998. Chassis model 432722 is intended for installation of special superstructures of utility and road services.

The reforms of Russia in the 1990s had a drastic effect on the position of the plant. Attempts at close cooperation in the field of heavy engineering with Kenworth, Volvo, Carterpillar, Renault did not bring the expected success.

New 10-ton heavyweights ZIL-6309 and dump trucks ZIL-6409 began to be produced in 1999. The latter was equipped with a 195-horsepower diesel engine. ZIL met the end of the twentieth century by producing more than 120 variants of cars, offering them a variety of bodies and superstructures produced in more than 100 enterprises of the CIS countries. Components for these cars were manufactured in 800 different workshops and factories.

Today, on the basis of the ZIL chassis, the plant, together with other similar enterprises, produces a huge range of all kinds of equipment: road-building, municipal, vacuum, sewer, silo, emergency repair, as well as garbage trucks, car lifts and tank trucks.

In 2003, the plant began production of new models of cars ZIL-433180 and ZIL-432930, the engines of which are characterized by increased power and run on diesel, while having certificates of compliance with Euro-2 standards.

Written by Leonid Varlamov aka mmet: Moscow Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhachev (ZIL), since 1971 the head enterprise of a large production association automotive industry of the USSR, which includes 9 more specialized plants located in Moscow and other cities of the country. It produces trucks (ZIL-130, ZIL-131) and high-class cars (ZIL-114, ZIL-117), household electric refrigerators, engines, spare parts for cars, special and non-standard equipment, as well as all types of equipment for own needs. The plant was founded in 1916 by the "Partnership on the shares of the Moscow automobile plant" AMO "".