Only after 25 years of production of MAZ-537 cars at the Kurgan plant did they finally have a worthy replacement - the first tractors KZKT-7428 fourth generation representing a combination of all previous machines. These works were headed by the new chief designer Yu. T. Butrov. Formally, the basis of the new family was the KZKT-7427 variant, on which new power unit and the cabin, although the 537th series still remained its original basis. Cars of the 7428 range were also designed to tow all standard semi-trailers weighing up to 70 tons and operate in extreme weather and temperature conditions, and taking into account the experience of the Afghan campaign, the maximum height of the mountain passes to be overcome was increased to 4000 m.

As in intermediate experimental machines, the main design innovations of the 7428 series were also the engine and cab. They mounted a more economical automobile diesel YaMZ-8401.10 V12 (25.86 l, 650 hp) liquid cooling turbocharged, combined wet sump lubrication system, shielded electrical equipment and a number of new auxiliary units. These included electric preheater PZhD-600I, tank for fuel preheating, additional oil cooler, even more powerful 3-kilowatt generator and the only electric start system. The cars had a metal 6-seater pressurized cabin with an elevated roof with a sunroof, three windshields tilted forward, folding side windows and upper quadrangular side windows. The first releases had front reinforcing gussets, since 1989 a single-piece welded cabin wall slightly advanced forward was used. In order to increase its strength, it was again made 2-door, and the preserved outlines rear doors only imitated their real existence. In front of the cab there were two individual sprung seats for the driver and crew commander, which had adjustments in length, height and backrest. The second row housed four single seats for the crew of towed vehicles, which could be transformed into two berths. The cockpit included reinforced noise and heat insulation, a filter-ventilation unit, double glazing, two independent heating systems, light curtains, radiation protection screens and brackets for personal weapons. The third and last original solution was the replacement of the longitudinal steel balance arms of the rear bogie with multi-leaf springs. From the late prototypes of the KZKT-7426 series 7428, automatic clearance selection in the wheel brakes and dual-circuit brake system. All other units remained practically unchanged, not only in comparison with their immediate predecessors, but also with the first MAZ-537 Minsk tractors.

The base car of the new family was truck tractor KZKT-7428 without a winch, assembled in 1988 and having a load on hitch 27 tons. When using an extended cab, the front overhang reached 2984 mm, the overall length increased to 10,060 mm, and the height to 3060 mm. All this could not but affect the weight parameters, which significantly exceeded the values ​​of the MAZ-537G model with a winch: curb weight - 23.7 tons (+1.4 tons), gross weight - 50.7 tons (+1 tons), total weight road trains – 93.7 tons (+3 tons). Max speed remained at the same level (65 km / h), the control fuel consumption returned to the earlier value (125 liters per 100 km), but the cruising range reached 1.5 thousand km, however, it took into account the contents of spare fuel tanks on the semi-trailer. The loaded road train overcame a 1.1-meter ford and climbs with a steepness of up to 16?. The official warranty mileage of the tractor was at the level of 20 thousand km with a service life of at least five years. All other characteristics corresponded to the 537 series. The derived saddle version 74281 was distinguished by the installation of a 15-ton winch with a cable 100 m long and, in general, was an analogue of the 537G machine. He weighed 1.3 tons more than base model 7428, and worked as part of road trains gross weight up to 95 tons. The 74282 ballast tractor with a winch and a 3.2-meter metal platform from the 74261 machine also had all the parameters inherited from the 537A and 537L models, but was the heaviest in the 7428 range - 25.8 tons.

These three base car successfully passed acceptance tests, were adopted Soviet army and in 1990 they formally entered virtual mass production. Last new car KZKT brand of the Soviet period in 1991 became a special tractor 74283 with a fifth wheel shifted 345 mm back. All these machines were the progenitors of the KZKT-7428 family that has been produced so far. Since then, it has been replenished with specialized military variants with new units and assemblies, which are now being supplied to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Such a bright future back in the early 1990s was seriously overshadowed by the beginning of the transition to commercial versions, thanks to which Rusich OJSC barely managed to survive the times of economic reforms, the absence of military orders, the free market and stay afloat as part of the ruined domestic military automobile complex.

In 1963 Kurgan plant, belonging to the defense enterprises of the USSR, produced a military vehicle MAZ-537, which was an eight-wheeled truck tractor. The main purpose of the car was towing semi-trailers with a low frame, which were used to deliver bulky goods and tracked vehicles.

The birth of a new tractor

The development of the military industry did not stand still, the 537th tractor quickly became obsolete and could no longer fully perform the required volume of tasks. Therefore, the country's leadership instructed the design bureau of the Kurgan plant to create a new car. Headed the work on the project Yu.T. Butrov, who held the position of chief designer of the enterprise.

The design bureau engineers tried to focus on increasing the power of the tractor. It was decided to supply prototypes (KZKT-545 and KZKT-7426) tank engines, however, due to the small resource of diesel engines, they decided to abandon this idea. The work continued, and as a result, the KZKT 7427 was born with an engine manufactured by the Barnaultransmash software, marked D-12AN-650.

The test of the machine took place in 1985. Two experimental ballast tractors KZKT-7427 were presented to the commission. But here an old problem resurfaced - new engine was able to withstand only a year of normal operation of the equipment, after which he would need overhaul. It was also decided to abandon such an engine, and further development of the tractor was carried out in the direction of using the YaMZ-8401 power unit, which was designed in the Design Bureau of the Yaroslavl Plant.

The new tractor model received the KZKT-7428 index. As a power unit, the YaMZ-8401.10 engine was installed on the car, which has already been tested and has shown itself well in practice. Engines of this brand were installed on career and 7548. The KZKT-7427 is considered to be the prototype of the new tractor, but for the sake of justice, it’s worth saying that the “old man” MAZ-537 is the real basis for creating the car.

Machine Features

Just like his predecessors, new tractor was designed to tow semi-trailers with permissible weight at 70 tons. Equipped with two turbochargers, the engine was installed in a special engine compartment located directly behind the cab. The power unit had 12 cylinders, had a capacity of 650 liters. With. For fuel, two tanks of 420 liters each and an additional 60-liter tank equipped with a heating system were provided.

In addition, the car was allowed to be used in mountainous areas, if the height of the passes to be overcome did not exceed 4000 meters. The guaranteed service life of the car was at least 5 years, subject to a mileage of 20,000 km. The maximum speed that the tractor could develop was 65 km / h with a fuel consumption of 125 liters per hundred kilometers.

tractor transmission

The basis of the entire design of the KZKT-7428 was a spar frame. It was on it that almost all elements of the machine were attached and hung.

To switch gears, a three-stage hydromechanical gearbox was used, equipped with a torque converter with the possibility of blocking it, and transfer case with two steps. To increase patency, a whole system of differential locks was installed in the transmission. In all bridges of the car, automatic self-blocks were installed, center differentials were blocked manually.

The KZKT-7428 tractor was equipped with a separate drive for each wheel, with independent suspension and hydraulic shock absorbers. Balancing, traditional for other models trailing arms rear bogies were replaced with multi-leaf springs.

Cabin KZKT-7428

The cab of the tractor, made of metal, is designed for 6 people. Two front adjustable sprung seats were reserved for the driver and the senior car. The second row was intended for the crew of equipment located on the trailer platform. If necessary, it was possible to transform the seats into two sleeping places. cab includes:

• heat and sound insulation of reinforced type;
• two layers of glazing with light protection implemented in the form of curtains;
• installation providing air filtration and ventilation;
• radiation protection screens;
• two heating systems with the possibility of independent operation.

Externally, the cabin has 4 doors, but in fact, the designers left only two front doors open. The rear remained only in the form of imitation. This decision was made to increase the strength of the structure. All this equipment made it possible to operate the tractor with virtually no restrictions on climatic zones. The guaranteed service life of the car was at least 5 years, subject to a mileage of 20,000 km.

Entering mass production

Having passed the tests and received the approval of the acceptance committee, in 1990 the tractor entered service with the SA, and its mass production was also allowed. However, the mass production of cars did not happen. country in the early 90s on a new commercial path led to the fact that the plant, having gone through the bankruptcy procedure, was transformed into an enterprise called JSC Rusich. Despite all the difficulties, he still managed to survive the economic troubles and not drown, like most defense enterprises. To date, the plant has launched the production of a wide variety of equipment designed for difficult conditions operation. Among the list, the tractor KZKT-7428 "Rusich" took its place, which became the basis for the creation of new wheeled chassis KZKT-8003, 8005 and 8014.

JSC "Rusich" KZKT — Kurgan plant of wheel tractors. This is the leading enterprise in Russia manufacturing wheel transport equipment heavy class, designed for transportation of large-sized heavy cargo and equipment, as well as for mounting a variety of equipment on it.

« Rusich» KZKT began its history 50 years ago as a defense company. At the present stage of development, tractors " Rusich» are also used as peaceful equipment.

Many years of experience, continuous improvement of designs, use of components and assemblies produced by the best Russian and foreign companies allow the plant to maintain a high technical level and competitiveness of manufactured products.

The use of diesel engines with a capacity of 425 to 650 liters. With., hydromechanical boxes gears, permanent drive to the drive wheels, large diameter tires, independent suspension wheels make technique " Rusich» indispensable in difficult road conditions, and a wide range of operating temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius and the availability of comfortable and thermal, soundproof cabins and effective means of maintaining the necessary temperature regime allow you to operate it in almost any climatic zone.

V production program factory:

• road trains-heavy trucks as part of four-axle all-wheel drive tractors of the family KZKT-7428 With diesel engines with a capacity of 500-650 liters. With. and semi-trailers with a carrying capacity of up to 80 tons;
• heavy ballast tractors KZKT-74282 for transporting trailers with a gross weight of up to 75 tons and towing aircraft with a weight of up to 200 tons;
• a family of special chassis with a wheel arrangement of 8×8, 10×8, designed for mounting oilfield, lifting and other technological equipment on them;
• road trains - tanks with a capacity of up to 50 cubic meters. m.;
• Chassis for installation of rotary earth-moving and track-laying equipment.

Bankruptcy

In the post-Soviet period, the enterprise repeatedly changed owners and repeatedly underwent bankruptcy proceedings.

Back in 2010, the Arbitration Court of the Kurgan Region received an application from JSC "EnergoKurgan" demanding recognition of financial bankruptcy OJSC "Rusich"- Kurgan plant of wheel tractors. D. M. Karbyshev. Court ruling dated February 24, 2010 in respect of JSC "Rusich" - KZKT external management was introduced for a period of 18 months, Alexander Vladimirovich Maslakov was approved as an external manager. The external administrator came to the conclusion that it was impossible to execute the external administration plan before the deadline set by the court. In this regard, on March 17, 2011, Alexander Maslakov applied to the arbitration court with a petition for early termination of the external administration procedure and transition to the bankruptcy proceedings. On April 28, 2011, the Arbitration Court of the Kurgan Region declared bankrupt OJSC "Rusich"- Kurgan plant of wheel tractors. D. M. Karbyshev. According to the external management plan, part of the property was to be sold through an open auction.

A new book from the author of the bestseller "Cars of the Soviet Army"! The first encyclopedia of top-secret projects of the military automotive industry, irrefutably proving that in this area the USSR was “ahead of the rest” and that the highest achievement of our automotive industry was not even the well-known mass army vehicles, but the unique multi-axle all-wheel drive chassis developed in absolute secrecy for strategic missile systems. appointments that were on combat duty in constant motion along special secretive dirt roads and were virtually invulnerable to the enemy. Unsurpassed high-speed amphibians and special floating trucks, active road trains and multi-section vehicles, the most advanced units and materials: multi-fuel, gas turbine, electric and even jet engines, heavy-duty titanium alloys - Soviet engineers and designers truly knew no equal!

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KZKT-7428 (1988 - 1991)

(1988 - 1991)

Only after 25 years of production of MAZ-537 vehicles at the Kurgan plant, a worthy replacement finally appeared for them - the first fourth-generation KZKT-7428 tractors, representing a combination of all previous vehicles. These works were headed by the new chief designer Yu. T. Butrov. Formally, the basis of the new family was the KZKT-7427 variant, on which a new power unit and cab were installed for the first time, although the 537th series remained its original basis. Cars of the 7428 range were also designed to tow all standard semi-trailers weighing up to 70 tons and operate in extreme weather and temperature conditions, and taking into account the experience of the Afghan campaign, the maximum height of the mountain passes to be overcome was increased to 4000 m.

As with intermediate prototypes, the main design innovations of the 7428 series were also the engine and cab. They mounted a more economical automobile diesel YaMZ-8401.10 V12 (25.86 l, 650 hp) liquid-cooled turbocharged, combined lubrication system with a "wet" sump, shielded electrical equipment and a number of new auxiliary units. These included the electric torch preheater PZhD-600I, a tank for preheating fuel, an additional oil cooler, an even more powerful 3-kilowatt generator and the only electric starter system. The cars had a metal 6-seater pressurized cabin with an elevated roof with a sunroof, three windshields tilted forward, folding side windows and upper quadrangular side windows. The first releases had front reinforcing gussets, since 1989 a single-piece welded cabin wall slightly advanced forward was used. In order to increase strength, it was again made 2-door, and the preserved outlines of the rear doors only imitated their real presence. In front of the cab there were two individual sprung seats for the driver and crew commander, which had adjustments in length, height and backrest. The second row housed four single seats for the crew of towed vehicles, which could be transformed into two berths. The cockpit included reinforced noise and heat insulation, a filter-ventilation unit, double glazing, two independent heating systems, light curtains, radiation protection screens and brackets for personal weapons. The third and last original solution was the replacement of the longitudinal steel balance arms of the rear bogie with multi-leaf springs. From the later prototypes of the KZKT-7426 series 7428, they got an automatic gap selection in the wheel brakes and a dual-circuit brake system. All other units remained practically unchanged, not only in comparison with their immediate predecessors, but also with the first MAZ-537 Minsk tractors.

The base vehicle of the new family was the KZKT-7428 truck tractor without a winch, assembled in 1988 and having a hitch load of 27 tons. When using an extended cab, the front overhang reached 2984 mm, the overall length increased to 10,060 mm, height - up to 3060 mm. All this could not but affect the weight parameters, which significantly exceeded the values ​​of the MAZ-537G model with a winch: curb weight - 23.7 tons (+1.4 tons), gross weight - 50.7 tons (+1 tons), total weight road trains – 93.7 tons (+3 tons). The maximum speed remained at the same level (65 km / h), the control fuel consumption returned to the earlier value (125 liters per 100 km), but the cruising range reached 1.5 thousand km, however, it took into account the contents of the spare fuel tanks on the semi-trailer. The loaded road train overcame a 1.1-meter ford and climbs with a steepness of up to 16?. The official warranty mileage of the tractor was at the level of 20 thousand km with a service life of at least five years. All other characteristics corresponded to the 537 series. The derived saddle version 74281 was distinguished by the installation of a 15-ton winch with a cable 100 m long and, in general, was an analogue of the 537G machine. It weighed 1.3 tons more than the base model 7428, and worked as part of road trains with a gross weight of up to 95 tons. The 74282 ballast tractor with a winch and a 3.2-meter metal platform from the 74261 machine also had all the parameters inherited from the 537A models and 537L, but was the heaviest in the range 7428 - 25.8 tons.

These three basic vehicles successfully passed acceptance tests, were adopted by the Soviet Army, and in 1990 formally entered virtual mass production. The last new car of the KZKT brand of the Soviet period in 1991 was a special tractor 74283 with a fifth wheel shifted 345 mm back. All these machines were the progenitors of the KZKT-7428 family that has been produced so far. Since then, it has been replenished with specialized military variants with new units and assemblies, which are now being supplied to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Such a bright future back in the early 1990s was seriously overshadowed by the beginning of the transition to commercial versions, thanks to which Rusich OJSC barely managed to survive the times of economic reforms, the absence of military orders, the free market and stay afloat as part of the ruined domestic military automobile complex.