Tracklayer "BAT-M"

Also BAT-M can be used for

General device:

The power and transmission compartments are located in front of the BAT-M

The control compartment is located in the BAT-M cockpit, located above the engine.

In front of the BAT-M, a universal bulldozer equipment with hydraulic control is installed. Its wings with the help of hydraulics can be installed in one of three positions - bulldozer, twin blade, grader.

V transport position the working body is thrown behind the cab, which unloads the front rollers and provides the machine with good cross-country ability.

Additionally, the BAT-M tracklayer is equipped with a full-revolving jib crane with a lifting capacity of 2 tons.

Base	AT-T
Weight	27,5
Engine	B-401 (415 HP)
Case length, mm	7050 (10500 with ski)
	4500 5000 4000
Height, mm	3700
Performance when laying column tracks in bushes, undergrowth and virgin lands	4-8 km/h;
The speed of clearing the column track from snow (with snow depth up to 1 meter)	8-10 km/h
Productivity when moving soil when installing ramps, descents and ravines, backfilling anti-tank ditches	100-200 m 3 /h;
Performance when making passages in stone blockages	15-20 m/h;
Crane lifting capacity	2 t;
boom reach	5.4 m;
Pulling force of the winch	20t
Maximum travel speed	35 km/h;
Power reserve	550 km;
Crew	people

Question #20) Purpose, performance characteristics, general device and the use of BAT-2 track builders

BAT - Bulldozer artillery tractor.

Tracklayer "BAT-2" designed for mechanization of engineering works during the laying of column tracks, preparation and maintenance of roads.

Also BAT-2 can be used for backfilling of ditches, trenches, devices of gentle slopes on steep slopes; making passages in the rubble, laying clearings in the bush, undergrowth; clearing roads and column tracks from snow, clearing debris from buildings, fragments of ditches; fragments of pits, trenches and shelters for equipment, lifting operations, backfilling of dugouts assembled in the pit, shelters.

General device.

The base machine of the track-laying machine is the MT-T multi-purpose heavy conveyor-tractor, on which the main working equipment is installed.

At the back of the frame are power point with the systems serving it and transmission.

In the front part there is a cabin designed to accommodate and protect the calculation from environmental influences, as well as to accommodate controls and equipment.

Engineering equipment: universal bulldozer, full-slewing crane with a telescopic boom with a lifting capacity of 2 tons, a single-column ripper with a parallelogram suspension, a winch with a pulling force of 25 tons.

The main working body of the tracklayer is its bulldozer equipment. Its wings with the help of hydraulics can be installed in one of three positions - bulldozer, twin blade, grader.

In the bulldozer position, the wings of the blade are in line with its central part. In this blade position, the tracklayer can dig the ground. The developed soil and objects move only forward.

In the dual-blade position, the blade wings are tilted back. In this position of the blade, the track builder paves the column track, clears the road from snow. The developed soil, snow, various objects are removed from the path in both directions from the machine.

In the grader position, one wing is tilted forward and the other back. In this case, the developed soil, snow, objects are displaced only in one direction from the machine. If at the same time the blade is skewed in the transverse direction, then it becomes possible to tear off the ditch, to form a sickle-shaped transverse profile of the road.

There is a SKI in front of the blade, which ensures that the blade follows the terrain and makes it possible to have a constant depth of penetration or keep the blade above ground level (for example, when clearing paved roads from snow)

Base	MT-T
Weight	39,7
Engine	B-46-4
Case length, mm	9.64m. (12.65m. in working position)
Width, mm: With two blade position RO With bulldozer position RO With grader position RO	4000 4570 4280
Height, mm	3690 (3340 in working position)
Column track laying speed	6-8 km/h;
The speed of laying a column track with felling trees up to a diameter of up to 30 cm	2-3 km/h
The speed of clearing tracks from snow at a cover depth of up to 50cm	8-15 km/h
Productivity in earthworks	350-400 cubic meters
Crane lifting capacity	2 t;
boom reach	7.36m.
Ripper: - depth of loosening - categories of developed soil	0.5m I-III
Winch: - traction	25 tons

If in the 19th century sappers could completely get by with shovels, axes, saws and other hand tools, today, in order to open the road, infantry fighting vehicles and infantry, heavy engineering vehicles are needed that can quickly make a passage in a minefield, build a crossing, fill up an anti-tank ditch , demolish wire barriers, clear the road.

You should not think that the most modern tank M1 "Abrams" or T-90 have better maneuverability than the old Testament BT-7 or Pz.Kpfw III. But to make passages for them is required much faster. If in the 1940s the anti-tank ditch was just an annoying hindrance that could disrupt an attack, today, delaying tanks at the ditch for at least a few minutes is fraught with the fact that they will be covered with fire from helicopter gunships, precision-guided missiles and shells arriving from afar, and suffer heavy losses. .

BAT-M: tracklayer
BAT - bulldozer on an artillery tractor (AT-T tractor), designed for mechanization of engineering work when laying column tracks, preparing roads, clearing the area. Weight: 2.75 t; 12-cylinder diesel engine B-401 liquid-cooled 305 kW (415 hp); speed: up to 35 km/h; road clearing speed: 15 km/h; speed of laying a dirt track: 5–8 km/h; crew: 2 people; equipped with a truck crane with a lifting capacity of 2 tons

Afghan finds

It is impossible to list all the equipment for overcoming obstacles that our engineering troops have at their disposal. There are dozens of samples. But it is worth talking about the most widely used ones.

The most serious obstacle for both tanks and infantry were and still remain mines. mine clearance combat vehicle (BMR) begins in the distant 1980s in Afghanistan. The main tool of this machine was the famous Soviet mine roller trawl KMT-5M and its further development KMT-7. Their predecessor, the PT-3 trawl, appeared back in the years of World War II and proved to be excellent already in the Battle of Kursk. Then roller trawls were hung on tanks. But at the beginning of the mine war in Afghanistan, it quickly became clear that the 40th Army had enough trawls, but with carriers, that is, tanks, things were worse. Too many of them were required everywhere.

Today, no one will say who first came up with the idea to hang trawls on BTS tank tractors (according to other sources, on captured T-54s or T-55s). Whatever it was, the idea turned out to be sensible. Firstly, modern tanks were saved. Secondly, they came up with the idea to arrange a place for drivers not at the very bottom of the car, but on the roof, for which, however, it was necessary to lengthen the control levers. The crew was covered by armor plates or sometimes by a turret with a removed gun. The bottom of the car was lined with plastic cans of water. The canisters kept a supply of water, never superfluous in a hot country, and served as an excellent shock absorber if the mine suddenly exploded under the bottom. Such machines perfectly trawled the routes, and if they were blown up, the crew remained intact.

The fighting qualities of these homemade products were quickly and duly appreciated by the Ministry of Defense. A task was issued to develop a machine, which was given the designation BMR. The first sample was built in Kiev, the author of the project was Lieutenant Colonel A.P. Khlestkin. Although there was nothing special to design. Everything original was available - both the tank chassis and the excellent KMT-5M trawl, created in the Chelyabinsk SKB-200 under the direction of V.I. Mikhailov. And by the end of 1980, the first BMRs manufactured at the Lvov Tank Repair Plant began to arrive in Afghanistan.

BMR-1: demining
It has reinforced armor and anti-cumulative protection of the bottom under the habitable compartment and provides minesweeping with push, pin and proximity fuses. There is space to accommodate three sappers and their equipment. Weight: (without trawl, sappers and their property): 43 t; maximum speed: 60 km/h; cruising range on the highway: 550 km; armament: 12.7 mm closed anti-aircraft machine gun mount; crane lifting capacity: 2.5 t; trawl KMT-7

The price of arrogance

Factory-made BMRs immediately found their place in the combat formations of the troops. They made it possible to drastically reduce the loss of equipment on mines, to increase the speed of movement of columns. The flow of applications grew rapidly. The car was demanded not only by tankers, but also by infantry, rear battalions. It was not difficult to get around the obstacles of the military bureaucracy, because the BMR was not an armored vehicle, but an engineering one and was not considered a standard vehicle exclusively for tank units.

The designers, taking into account the shortcomings and "childhood illnesses" of the first samples, quickly developed the BMR-2, and later the BMR-3. The latter turned out to be so successful that at the beginning of the 21st century it became possible to present the BIS on the international arms market. Moreover, there were historical grounds for this. During the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973, Israel captured quite a lot of Soviet-made KMT-5 trawls from the Egyptians. The Israeli military quickly adapted them to their Merkavas and began to use them with great success.

In the Iraqi wars, the Americans suffered significant losses on anti-tank mines, although they carefully hide these unpleasant facts for them. They began to suffer even more losses after the announcement of the victory achieved. But the Americans did not have acceptable anti-mine trawls, because they arrogantly neglected this technique in the 1950s-1970s. Attempts to return in an updated form the chain trawls of the Second World War ended in failure. The Americans had to bow to the Israelis and buy Soviet-made mine sweepers from them.

A large number of WRIs participated in the liquidation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Only with their help was it possible to install remote-controlled cranes and proceed with the construction of the sarcophagus

Rollers, magnet and plows

The principle of the roller trawl, this main BIS tool, is very simple. Several heavy, durable steel wheels are suspended from two frames fixed to the armor, which roll ahead of the vehicle and, hitting a mine, cause it to explode. The strength of this design is such that the rollers can withstand up to ten explosions. Broken rollers are easy to replace. According to statistics, a vehicle can encounter no more than 1-3 mines in a minefield.

The principle is simple, but to ensure that each roller rolls on the ground independently of its neighbors and carefully rolls over any hillock or hole (as the designers say, it copies the terrain), and even so that the weight of the entire structure acts on it (which is extremely important for triggering a mine), only our designer V.I.Mikhailov could. The Russian trawl practically does not miss a single mine. American and British designers failed to create satisfactory samples of the roller trawl.

The BMR, or rather the trawl suspended from this vehicle, can also deal with mines, which do not react to pressure, but to the magnetic field of the tank. Two obliquely standing cylinders above the rollers are EMT (electro-magnetic trawl). The cylinders create a magnetic field in front of the vehicle, similar to that of a tank. Mines explode in front of the trawl without damaging the vehicle.

Equipped with BMR and digging-type trawl. Two sections are located behind the rollers. Knives during the movement of the BMR burrow into the ground to a depth at which anti-tank mines are usually installed, dig out a mine and throw it aside.

Such a plow trawl is necessary, since there are mines that are triggered not by one, but by two successive clicks. These include, for example, our MVD-62 or the British No.5 Mk4. It is irrational to make a trawl with two rows of rollers, because it will be too heavy.

But, unfortunately, the plow trawl is applicable only in areas with a certain quality of soil. With rocky, rocky soils, on roads with a hard surface, the “plow” has nothing to do.

BMR-3M. clearance
IMR. Roads and trenches. Obstacle engineering vehicle - an army vehicle designed for laying roads over rough terrain, in forests and city rubble, for excavating and backfilling pits. Weight: 37.5 t; maximum speed on the highway: 59 km / h; crew: 2 people; speed when working with bulldozer equipment: up to 12 km/h; maximum boom reach: 8.8 m; boom capacity: 2 t

Road Gnawer

However, mines are far from the only artificial obstacle capable of stopping moving troops. Anti-tank ditches, scarps and counter-scarps, gouges, barricades, barriers, blockages of trees, city ruins, finally, mine sweeping is too tough.

Back in the distant 1970s, a vehicle under the designation IMR (engineering obstacle blocking vehicle) was adopted by the Soviet engineering troops. Its main task was to clear traffic routes from non-explosive obstacles, lay column tracks, clear snow from routes, equip crossings over ditches, etc. in the combat formations of the troops. And the base of the IMR was first the T-55 tank, later the T-62 and finally the T-72.

First of all, the machine was equipped with powerful universal bulldozer equipment. For example, if you need to dig slopes in steep slopes, the wings of a shovel can be put in the usual straight position, like on tractor bulldozers. If it is required to clear the road from snow, debris, bushes, the wings are retracted. And then everything that interferes with the movement is pushed aside. You can turn one wing back and the other forward - this position is called grader; then all obstacles to movement will move in one direction. If in this position the shovel is also tilted, then the WRI is able to create a roadbed and at the same time dig a ditch. It will turn out a normal dirt road with a sickle-shaped transverse profile. It is enough to fill it with rubble or gravel, and it will turn into a finished highway. It is important to note that all these transformations bulldozer equipment the crew does it without getting out of the car. And this is very important, for example, in areas contaminated with toxic or radioactive substances.

The American analogue of the IMR M1 Grizzly never left the stage of military trials

Machines in atomic hell

The IMR turned out to be the only machine capable of operating in the first days of the Chernobyl accident right next to the destroyed fourth power unit. The approaches to the reactor turned out to be littered with debris from the building and equipment. To get close to the source of destruction, it was first necessary to clear the rubble. But the levels of radiation in those days were such that even army radiometers went off scale (from 60 to 500 roentgens per hour). Near the reactor, a person could be a matter of minutes, or even seconds.
The IMR, with its powerful armor, reduced the radiation exposure levels of the crew by a factor of ten or more. The telescopic boom with a grip-manipulator, which is equipped with the IMR, was very useful. Boom outreach - 8.8 m. With the help of a manipulator, the machine operator can grab and move objects weighing up to 2 tons as if by hand. Moreover, the accuracy of the work is such that an experienced operator can close a box of matches lying on the ground with the powerful jaws of the manipulator. Or pick up from the ground and give the person a cigarette.

At the Chernobyl IMR reactor, scattered pieces of uranium rods were collected and put into transported containers for further disposal, and the fragments of the walls were removed. With the help of WRI, it was possible to install several remotely controlled cranes around the reactor and begin the construction of the sarcophagus. Without this unique machine, such work would have to be postponed for several months until the level of radiation decreases.

Almost all the WRIs then available in the army were sent to Chernobyl, and all of them remained there forever. During the operation of the machine, they gained so much radiation that the armor itself became radioactive. Dozens, if not hundreds, of IMRs, among many other machines, now stand on an abandoned wartime airfield near Pripyat.

The IMR turned out to be such a successful and sought-after machine by the troops that for many years they tried to improve it. Based on the experience of Afghanistan, they tried to give the IMR the ability of the BIS. For this, a KMT-7 roller trawl, a KMT-6 plow trawl, and UR-83 mine clearing charges were hung on the machine. But universalization did not benefit WRI. The roller trawl deprived the IMR of the opportunity to use bulldozer equipment and made the machine unmaneuverable. The plow trawl KMT-6 overloaded the front part of the IMR, which was already loaded with the weight of the bulldozer. Boxes of demining installations limited the ability to use the manipulator. In the end, the IMR was returned to the initial configuration.

USA
Attempts to return in an updated form the chain trawls of the Second World War ended unsuccessfully for the US Army. I had to buy Soviet-made trophy roller trawls from the Israelis, and then produce their clones

Work horse of war

The IMR is a great car, just too expensive. And heavy. And engineering troops do not always need armor, and the manipulator is used only occasionally. Most often, only bulldozer equipment is required to pave the way for tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled guns, and vehicles. Yes, sometimes a truck crane to lift and move something. Engineering vehicles with such a limited set of functions, of course, exist, and they appeared much earlier than WRI. The name of the machines corresponds to their purpose - they are road-laying machines. The first such machine appeared back in the 1960s and received the designation BAT (bulldozer on an artillery tractor). The heavy tracked artillery tractor AT-T was taken as the base vehicle. The design turned out to be very successful, and it was loved by the troops.

A few years later, the car was improved. A 2-ton hydraulic crane was added to the bulldozer equipment and the new product was named BAT-M. The bulldozer turned out to be very convenient for laying column tracks (temporary roads for advancing troops), clearing roads of snow, felling trees, clearing bushes, and making exits on steep slopes. For example, in winter, BAT-M clears the road at a speed of up to 15 km/h, and in summer it paves a dirt track at a speed of 5–8 km/h. Of course, only where rifle-machine-gun and artillery fire is excluded. Nevertheless, the cab of the machine is sealed and equipped with a filter-ventilation unit. This means that BAT-M is capable of operating in areas contaminated with poisonous or radioactive substances. For example, cut and remove contaminated soil. As with the IMR, bulldozer equipment can have two-blade, grader and direct positions. But you have to manually change the position of the knives.

BAT-M fell in love with the military for one more property. The engine, located under the cab, gives enough heat, so that inside the car it is comfortable in any frost. In the late 1980s, BAT-M began to be replaced by a more advanced BAT-2 vehicle, in the cockpit of which, in addition to the crew, a sapper squad could also be placed.

The US Army still does not have vehicles similar to our BIS, IMR, or even BAT-M. The Americans had to limit themselves to mounting an almost complete analogue of our KMT-5 trawl on the M1 Abrams tank. Since 1999, the development of an analogue of the IMR called the M1 Grizzly (Breacher) began. Although the US Army field manuals indicate that the Grizzly is in service, however, this vehicle never left the stage of military testing. But Germany, having fought enough in the 20th century, took the creation of machines that allow them to “break into a neighbor’s house” with all seriousness. Back in 1968, the Bundeswehr adopted engineering vehicle based on the Leopard 1 tank called Pionierpanzer, approximately equal in capabilities to our IMR vehicle. And all subsequent years it was improved. Today, the Bundeswehr uses a modern version of the machine under the same name Pionierpanzer, but already based on the Leopard 2 tank.

M" belongs to the class of engineering (road) machines and is designed for laying columned tracks, backfilling funnels, ditches, trenches, and arranging gentle slopes on steep slopes; making passages in the rubble, laying clearings in the bush, undergrowth; clearing roads and column tracks from snow, clearing debris from buildings, fragments of ditches; can be used for extracting pits, trenches and shelters for equipment, lifting operations, backfilling dugouts assembled in the pit, shelters.

It was exported to the Warsaw Pact countries, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, China and some other countries. Serially produced from 1953 to 1972.

Belongs to the type of caterpillar track builders, means of overcoming destruction and obstacles, engineering equipment of the USSR Armed Forces, replaced by BAT-2.

Design description:

The base machine is the BAT track-laying machine based on the AT-T, from which the machine differs in hydraulic rather than mechanical (cable) control of the working body (dump). Engine power 415 l. sec., weight 27.5 tons, transport speed up to 35.5 km/h. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit (FVU), thanks to which the machine can work on terrain contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances, and the crew can be in the cabin without personal protective equipment, which were used during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. During the work, the BAT-M was heavily contaminated with radionuclides and sent for burial in specially created burial grounds for special equipment. One of the burial grounds of equipment is located near the abandoned locality Rossokha, which is located 30 km from the Chernobyl zone.

The presence of a winch and a crane greatly expands the use of the machine. The relatively low specific pressure on the ground allows it to be used in any difficult places.

The working body (dump) can be installed (width in plan) in bulldozer (5 meters), two-dump (as shown in the figure) (4.5 meters) and grader (4.0 meters) position. Thanks to this, the tracklayer can be used for various road and earthmoving works. Located in front of the working body, adjustable in height, the ski provides the ability to remove the earth layer of a given thickness.
Raising and lowering, including the forced deepening of the working body, as well as its distortion in any direction, is carried out using a hydraulic drive.
Thanks to this, the tracklayer can be used for various types of road and earthmoving work.

In addition, the BAT-M tracklayer is equipped with a full-revolving boom crane with a lifting capacity of 2 tons, and it is controlled from a remote control, so that the crane operator can simultaneously act as a rigger (slinger).

In the transport position, the working body is thrown behind the cab, which unloads the front rollers and provides the machine with good cross-country ability. The area of ​​​​the bearing surface of the tracks is equal to the tank one, which, with a much lower mass than that of a tank (27.5 tons), provides the vehicle with good maneuverability on soft ground, snow and wetlands.

A significant supply of fuel (about 950 kg.) Provides the car with a mileage of over 550 km or autonomous operation for 12 - 15 hours.

Just imagine, this monster eats 200 liters per 100 km, but this is not so important, since power is needed here and not efficiency.

For transportation across railway the wings of the bulldozer are separated from the frame and stacked on special racks, the frame with the warp device is divided into two parts and stacked on the platform behind the cab.

Tactical and technical characteristics of BAT-M:

Base vehicle - tractor AT-T (product "401")
Height - 3.7 m;
Engine - V-401 or A-401G, four-stroke uncompressed diesel engine with direct injection fuel;
Engine power at 1600 rpm. - 415 l. s (305.23 kW);
Base of track rollers, mm 3748
Track, mm 2640
Ground clearance, mm 425
Track track width, mm 500
Climbability, hail 40
Fording depth, m 1.1
Width of the overcome ditch, m 1.8
Number of seats in the cabin 4
Motor resource reserve before overhaul, moto/h 3000
Fuel consumption per 1 hour of operation - 38 l;
Filling capacities;
Fuel: 1102 l / L, Z, A
Oil: (engine/transmission) 135 l mt-16p / 79.5 l mt-16p
Cooling: 85 l / A-40, A-65
Hydraulics: (syst / tank) 275 l / 150 l AU
Working length of the cable - 100 m;
Specific ground pressure - 072 kg/sq. cm.
Body length without working body and ski - 7000 mm
Body length without skis - 9.4 m
Body length with ski - 10.5 m
Capture width in grader position - 4 m;
Capture width in a two-blade position - 4.5 m;
Capture width in bulldozer position - 5 m;
Performance when laying column tracks in the bush, undergrowth and virgin lands - 4-8 km / h;
The speed of clearing the column track from snow is 8-10 km / h (with snow depth up to 1 meter)
Productivity when moving soil when constructing ramps, slopes and ravines, backfilling anti-tank ditches - 100-200 m3 / h;
Productivity when making passages in stone blockages - 15-20 m/h;
Crane lifting capacity - 2 tons;
Boom reach - 5.4 m;
Traction effort of the winch 20t (when using the pulley block 40t).
Average speed - 20-22 km / h;
The maximum speed is 35 km/h;
Power reserve - 550 km;
Tracklayer weight - 27.5 tons;
Crew - 2 people.

From the release of the "beast" to our time
If we recall the beginning of the production of these monsters, and it was 1966, then we can compare BAT-M with Nikola Tesla, saying that the car was ahead of its time, and even then it was not needed as much as it is now. If we now consider the market that modern manufacturers of machines of this kind offer us, then none of them will be able to compete with BAT-M in terms of functionality, not to mention the prices for such products, although irreplaceable, but quite rare.
The BAT-M model is still relevant today. You can talk a lot about her merits with technical side as equipment, but do not forget about its advantages as a means of operation: a spacious cabin, where two adults can comfortably sit, and due to the location of the engine under the cabin, the problem of heating the cabin in cold winter is easily solved. On the part of people who have closely dealt with this unusual machine (and these are service personnel and operating drivers), you can get surprisingly unanimous reviews. BAT-M, whose work did not leave anyone dissatisfied, receives only good ratings from consumers.

Reliable old "BAT-M"
Remembering the year of production, one can call these cars pensioners, dinosaurs, relics of the past, but in contrast, only one, but very subtle, argument can be made. What can we talk about if more than 50 years since the beginning of the production of this equipment, a machine has not been invented that is more convenient to use?

When arranging crossings over ravines and ditches, arranging descents to crossings;

clearing the route of movement from bushes, trees, stumps, snow and stones, arranging passages in the rubble, in the forest and settlements;

laying blocks of road and bridge structures;

tearing off pits during self-digging, making passages in areas contaminated with radioactive substances.

The main parts of the track-laying machine are the base machine (product 454 or MT-T) and working equipment.

The working equipment installed on the BAT-2 track-laying machine is intended for the development of frozen and non-frozen soils and for carrying out lifting operations. The working equipment includes bulldozer equipment, loosening and crane equipment, power take-off mechanism, hydraulic drive and electrical equipment.

Equipment

Fig.1.

1 - bulldozer equipment, 2 - base machine 3 - crane equipment, 4 - loosening equipment, 5 - longitudinal bar of the wrapping frame.

Bulldozer Equipment designed for layer-by-layer development and soil movement. Type of equipment – with universal blade. Blade width in the position of the tracklayer – 4000 mm, bulldozer – 4570 mm, grader – 4300 mm. Blade height 1200 mm. Recess size 450 mm, lifting – 3700 mm. Blade tilt angle up to 10 degrees.

The bulldozer equipment is located in front of the machine and consists of a wrapping frame, a push frame, a blade, a ski and control mechanisms.

wrapping frame designed to transfer forces from the machine body to the push frame. It has a U - shaped form and consists of two side longitudinal bars connected in front of the machine body by a transverse beam and two thrust brackets.

push frame designed to transfer the forces that occur during the development of the soil, from the enclosing frame to the blade and all the main parts of the bulldozer equipment attached to it. It is a welded box-section structure made in the form of an arch.

Dump designed for layer-by-layer cutting and formation of a soil prism. It perceives the forces from the pushing frame in the process of excavation. The main parts of the dump are the left and right wings and the central part. The left and right wing of the dump are identical in structure and are a welded metal structure.

Lizha designed to control the thickness of the cut soil layer with the track-laying position of the blade wings. It perceives the vertical loads that occur during the development of the soil, and thereby partially unloads the hydraulic cylinders of the lifting mechanism. When the machine moves forward, the ski copies the surface of the terrain, forcing the blade to rise or fall, maintains a constant thickness of the cut soil. It is attached to the central part of the blade and moved forward. The main parts of the ski are the bracket, support, chain and hydraulic cylinder.

Control mechanisms designed to change the position of bulldozer equipment. These include: two wing mounting mechanisms, a blade tilt mechanism, a swivel mechanism and a bulldozer equipment lifting mechanism.

In the transport position, the bulldozer equipment is fixed with two fingers by connecting the beam to the machine body and two screw rods that connect the machine body to the oscillating racks.

Bulldozer equipment is controlled from control panels.

Skis

Fig.2.

A - grader position, B - bulldozer position, C - track-laying position. 1 - wing, 2 - capture; 3 - telescopic rod; 4 and 13 - hooks; 5, 12, 18 - hydraulic cylinders, 6 - push frame, 7 - cross beam; 8 and 14 - levers; 9 and 11 - hydraulic cylinders of the skew mechanism; 10 - tubular pin; 15 - ski; 16 - chain; 17 - ski runner; 18 - finger; 20 - blade; 21 - cover; 22 - blade knives.

Loosening equipment designed for loosening hard and frozen upper layers of soil. It is installed at the rear of the base machine and consists of a working element and a travel drive.

work item consists of a rack, a tip and fastening details. The rack is the bearing element. The tip, which has a wear-resistant surfacing, is a variable part and directly performs the separation of soil destruction during the movement of the tracklayer.

Travel drive of the working element is a parallelogram structure, which consists of two upper rods, a frame, a housing and two hydraulic cylinders. The parallelogram design provides a constant cutting angle regardless of how deep the working element is in the ground.

Loosening of hard and frozen soils is carried out on reverse gear with forward reverse. The working element cuts a number of longitudinal furrows to a depth of 0.5 m with a distance between them of 0.7-0.9 m. If necessary, transverse furrows are cut at an angle of 50-60 degrees to the longitudinal ones.

Baking powder

Fig.3.

1 - beam; 2 – hydraulic cylinder; 3 - body; 4 - working element; 5 - frame.

Crane equipment designed for mechanization of loading and unloading operations. Its maximum load capacity at all boom outreaches – 2 t. Maximum hook reach – 7.37 m. Hook lifting height – 7.42 m, drop depth from track ground – 5 m. Distance at maximum hook reach side track – 5.76 m, to the loosening equipment rack – 3 m, to the beam in the transport position of the bulldozer equipment – 3.04 m. Load lifting (lowering) speed – 0.196-0.04 m/s.

The main parts of the crane equipment are the slewing device, the boom, the turning mechanism, the cargo winch, the hydraulic cylinder for changing the boom radius, safety devices and electrical equipment.

Turntable is designed for attaching crane equipment to the machine body and transferring static and dynamic loads arising from the operation of mechanisms. The main parts of the support rotary device There is a base, support bearing and turntable.

Arrow is designed for fastening mechanisms and transferring the forces arising from the movement of the load to the turntable. It consists of fixed and retractable sections.

turning mechanism, designed to rotate the crane equipment about the vertical axis and stop it in the required position. It is mounted on top of a turntable and consists of a hydraulic motor 210.20, a worm gear, a cup, a driven gear and a brake.

Safety devices designed to ensure trouble-free operation of crane equipment. Safety devices include a load limiter and a hook height limiter.

electrical equipment intended for remote control operation of the hydraulic drive, ensuring the operation of safety devices, alarms, lighting. The electrical equipment includes a block of equipment, electrical equipment of the hydropanel, connecting boards, a rotating contact device, limit switches for the load capacity limiter and the hook height limiter, lamps, covers, sockets, and a remote control.

Tap

Fig.4.

1 - cargo winch; 2 - hook clip; 3 - arrow; 4 – boom departure hydraulic cylinder; 5 – turning mechanism; 6 - turntable.

Power take-off designed to drive hydraulic pumps. It is installed on the left in the middle part of the body of the base machine and consists of a gearbox drive and a hydraulic pump gearbox.

Gear drive is a connecting link between the winch gearbox and the power take-off shaft. It is a shaft, at the ends of which splines are made for connection with the power take-off shaft of the winch gearbox of the base machine and with the shaft of the hydraulic pump gearbox.

Hydraulic pump reducer is a gear mechanism, made together with a friction clutch, designed to turn on and transmit torque from the power take-off shaft to hydraulic pumps. The gearbox is equipped with two hydraulic pumps 210.25 and two – 210.16. The gearbox housing is collapsible.

The gear pump NSh-10E3 is installed in the gearbox, which provides oil supply to engage the friction clutch. The oil supply is carried out through a system of valves located in the cover, into the cavity under the piston installed in the friction clutch drum that compresses the discs. By compressing the disks, the clutch drum and the driven drum are connected to the gear wheel, which transmits torque to the hydraulic pump shafts.

Hydraulic pump reducer

Fig.5. Hydraulic pump gearbox.

1 - hydraulic pump, 2 - housing, 3 - oil intake, 4 - friction clutch, 5 - gear pump NSh 10-E, 6 - drive shaft assembly.

hydraulic drive designed to control bulldozer, loosening and crane equipment. With the help of a hydraulic drive, the blade is deepened and deepened, the bulldozer loosening equipment and skis are transferred to the working or transport position, the blade is skewed, the wings of the blade are fixed in various working positions, the boom is raised or lowered, the rotation mechanism and the cargo winch of the crane equipment are driven.

The main parts of the hydraulic drive are a hydraulic tank, two hydraulic pumps 210.25, two hydraulic pumps 210.16, three hydraulic panels, two hydraulic cylinders for fixing the levers of the blade wings setting mechanisms, two hydraulic cylinders for loosening equipment, two hydraulic cylinders for tilting the blade, a ski hydraulic cylinder, two hydraulic cylinders for lifting bulldozer equipment, a hydraulic drive for crane equipment, an emergency unit and cooler.

Hydraulic drive scheme

Fig.6. Scheme of the BAT-2 hydraulic drive.

1 - hydraulic lock, 2 - throttle 3 - hydraulic cylinder for changing the reach of the boom, 4 - hydraulic motor of the cargo winch, 5 - hydraulic cylinders of the brakes of the cargo winch; 6-8, 34-39, 44-47 - three-piece spool 85/2; 9,10, 14,16 and 33 - electromagnetic valves GA 192/1, 11 - hydraulic cylinder of the turning mechanism, 12 - hydraulic motor 210.2, 13 - safety valve BG52-24 (13 MPa), 15 and 25 - safety valves BG 52-54 ( 16MPa), 17 - safety valve 32-200 (16MPa), 18 - safety valve (0.3 MPa), 19 - radiator, 20 - hydraulic pumps 210.25, 21 - hydraulic pumps 210.16, 22 - hydrocyclones, 23 - check valve, 24 - hydraulic tank, 26 - safety valve (1.0 MPa), 27 and 32 - hydraulic cylinders for lifting bulldozer equipment, 28 - emergency unit; 29 - hydraulic cylinders for loosening equipment, 30 - floating position spools; 31 - safety valve BG 52-24 (20 MPa), 40 and 43 - hydraulic cylinders of the blade turning mechanism; 41 - hydraulic cylinders for fixing the levers for establishing blade wings; 42 - hydraulic cylinders of the blade skew mechanism, 48 - ski hydraulic cylinder; 49 - connector valve

electrical equipment designed for remote control of a hydraulic drive, for level and temperature control working fluid and to ensure the safe operation of machinery. Consumers are supplied with electricity from the network of the base machine.

The electrical equipment includes:

• remote control installed in the cab on the left wall,
• block relay installed in the cab on the front wall;
• remote control;
• electrical equipment of hydraulic panels;
• crane electrical equipment;
• switches on the control levers for turning the conveyor;
• hydraulic fluid level switch in the hydraulic tank,
• electric thermometer for remote control of the temperature of the working fluid in the hydraulic drive and oil in the pump gearbox;
• lighting lanterns, electrical cables, plugs and sockets.

Tactical and technical characteristics

Technical performance when laying column tracks, km / h:
- over rough terrain	6-8
- in the bushes	2-3
- on virgin snow	8-15
- in the woods	0,2
Technical performance during terrain planning, descents and backfilling of funnels, m 3 / h	350-400
Maximum transport speed, km / h	60
Average transport speed on dirt roads, km/h	28-35
Weight, t	39,7
Overall dimensions in transport position, mm
- length	9640
- width	4000
- height	3690
Calculation, people	2
Periodicity Maintenance, engine hours:
– ETO	1,5-2
– TO-1	100
– TO-2	300
Labor intensity of maintenance, pers. / hour:
– TO-1	16-21
– TO-2	29-30
Fuel consumption, l:
- per 100 km run	275-300
- for 1 hour of engine operation	80-100
Fuel reserve along the way, km	500
Loosening depth, mm	at least 500
Lifting capacity of crane equipment, t	2
Pulling force of the winch, tf	25