Non-phase bus dimensions 5299. Non-phase bus operation manual. The advantages of this modification

city ​​bus big class NefAZ-5299 designed to carry passengers on regular city routes. Made on the KamAZ-5297 chassis.

Modern design, roomy and comfortable lounge, original design solutions. Units and components are unified with KamAZ trucks. The bus has a guarantee of 12 months or 30,000 km of run and is subject to warranty and service maintenance in all KamAZ auto centers in the Russian Federation and the CIS.

At the request of the customer, it is possible to install the KamAZ-740.30-260 (Euro-2), Caterpillar-3116, (Euro-2) and automatic transmission"Foyt".

Engine
Indicator Meaning
Model KAMAZ-740.11-240
Type Diesel
  • (EURO-1) with turbocharging and an improved design of the cylinder-piston group, a modified design of the block head and combustion chamber geometry, reinforced crankshaft, a torsional vibration damper is installed, an oil cooler is replaced by a water-oil heat exchanger. The engine life has been increased to 500,000 km, the frequency of TO-2 to 16,000 km, oil consumption and noise level have been reduced by 2-3 dB.
Rated power, hp 240
Working volume, cc 10 850
injection pump YAZDA-332.1106
Five-nozzle nozzles YAZDA-273
Turbocharger S2B/7624TAE/0076D9

BODY

  • Frame, wagon type, galvanized, with thermal insulation, with three double doors, with Festo pneumatic drive.
  • A wide range of colors (including at the request of the customer) with a double layer of the Dutch primer, paint "Helios" (Slovenia), in the German spray booth.
  • Wheel arches in stainless steel or fiberglass.
  • bottom and wheel arches with anti-corrosion coating.
  • Interior floor covering made of anti-slip material "Avtolin".

TRANSMISSION

  • Mechanical (or with an electro-pneumatic drive for engaging the gearbox), three-way, five-speed, mod. KamAZ-141.

STEERING

  • With hydraulic booster C-111645 from RBL (Germany) or KTS 50451881 from PPT (Yugoslavia).

SUSPENSION

  • Front- dependent, pneumatic, on 2 pneumatic elements with two telescopic shock absorbers and one body position regulator.
  • rear- dependent, pneumatic, on 4 pneumatic elements with 4 telescopic shock absorbers and two body position regulators.

BRAKE SYSTEM

  • Pneumatic, ABS "WABCO" (Germany), with cam-type expansion mechanisms.

HEATING SYSTEM

  • Main: liquid heater "Webasto" providing early pre-heating of the engine. There are 3 "Belrobot" heaters in the cabin. In the driver's cab there is a WEBASTO control panel, a frontal heater, a Belrobot heater.
  • Emergency: from the engine cooling system.

Before starting a story about this bus, it should be noted that the NefAZ-5299 is not one car, but several modifications based on the model for urban, intercity and suburban passenger transportation. The car is often used on regular passenger routes.

History of creation

It's completely domestic project, which was put into assembly and production only in 2000. NefAZ-5299 is one of the most popular passenger buses, which are used as public transport in many cities.

Now more than 1,000 units of these models are assembled at the Neftekamsk Automobile Plant every year. This technique successfully used by fleets across the country.

Technical details

Acquaintance with technical part bus NefAZ-5299 will help to appreciate all the advantages of this model. KamAZ trucks were used as the base platform. These are reliable loading platforms that will help the bus easily overcome a variety of obstacles on the way, they have been tested by time and a lot of tests of varying degrees of complexity. Each detail in the undercarriage of these machines has a huge resource and high strength reserves, which in the best way affects the durability and operation of the machine.

All equipment designed for control and monitoring, as much as possible meets the requirements of international standards for such equipment. This series of buses has a high safety record. There are devices and systems of both passive and active safety.

Power part

The NefAZ-5299 bus can be equipped with several types of engines, depending on the modification. So, the KamAZ-820.61-260 engine produces a maximum power of 260 Horse power at 2200 rpm. Its maximum torque is 931 Nm. Engine - eight-cylinder, V-shaped. The working volume is 11.76 liters. The power unit designed and built specifically for liquefied gas. The motor is equipped with a turbocharger and an inercooler. There is an electromagnetic dispenser, and the injection is distributed. The engine fully complies with Euro-4 standards. Paired with this power unit is a four-speed automatic transmission.

NefAZ-5299 is also equipped with Cummins 6ISBe270B diesel power units. The power of this engine is 270 hp. from. at a crankshaft speed of 2500 rpm. The torque that the motor produces is 970 Nm. The unit has six cylinders with an in-line arrangement. Volume - 6.7 liters. The engine is also equipped with a turbine and an inercooler. Like the previous one, this motor fully complies with Euro-4 standards. Diesel fuel consumption at Cummins is 24 liters per 100 km. The fuel tank has a volume of 250 liters.

Geometry, mass

The length of the bus is 11.86 m. The width is 2.5 m, and the height is 3.036 m. The wheelbase is 5.96 m. The weight (curb) reaches 10.24 tons, and the maximum is 15. The axle load is 6.5 tons on the front axle and 11.5 tons on the rear. The minimum turning radius of the machine is 12 m.

Equipment

Regardless of the specific modification, the cars are equipped with power steering, which makes the driving process much more comfortable. There is a system speakerphone, by which the driver can announce stops and other information for passengers.

The driver's seat is separated from the passenger compartment by a partition. Thanks to her, nothing distracts the driver during work.

Chassis of domestic bus

Machines of all modifications are equipped with steel wheel disks. Tires - tubeless type. Brake system- double-circuit, with a pneumatic drive. In order to make driving the bus as comfortable as possible, as well as to better control the situation at NefAZ has ABS. It is available in all models, regardless of configuration. The body of the car is made entirely of metal. Layout - wagon type. The body here is the supporting structure of the bus. Inside there are strong metal amplifiers that protect the bus from various deformations. For the convenience of passengers, there are three doors. Each of them is double-sided.

The doors are opened by means of a pneumatic drive.

Salon

The car is designed for 25 seats. As for the general data on the capacity of the domestic bus NefAZ-5299, the technical characteristics allow transporting no more than 84 people. There is no ventilation system in the cabin as such. It is of a natural type here and is organized by means of a large number of windows and hatches on the roof.

Interior heating system - autonomous, based on gas stove. Heat is distributed in the cabin as evenly as possible. Elements of the heating system are located around the entire inner perimeter of the machine.

Modifications

Model 5299-10 is a standard bus with a high floor. This is one of the very first buses that were produced at the factory. I must say that at the very beginning of production, the developers did not have a clear design.

It was borrowed from the Belarusian MAZ-104. The remaining models, which were produced later, already had original design, developed by the specialists of the plant.

Modification 5299-11 is base model intended for suburban transportation. There are two doors for passengers. The number of seats has been increased to 45. The total number of passengers is 77 people. The cabin is equipped with tourist seats, which are great for long trips.

Model 5299-17 is designed for intercity travel. The car is additionally equipped with a luggage compartment. The cabin can sit 43 passengers. The seats are very comfortable and comfortable with the possibility of reclining the back. There are also armrests. In the basic configuration of the car, music and an air conditioning system are provided. The audio system is organized in such a way that passengers can enjoy music and it does not distract drivers in any way.

Model 5299-30 is a semi-low floor bus. Its capabilities, unlike the base model, are somewhat increased. The salon accommodates up to 115 people. The designers of the bus did not forget about the disabled. There are special places for them. There is a ramp in the central door allowing wheelchair access. In the middle of the cabin, you can install a wheelchair and securely fasten it with special belts.

About repair and maintenance

Maintenance and repair of NefAZ-5299 is not difficult. The machine was developed on the basis of components and mechanisms of KamAZ trucks. The mechanics have vast experience in repairing trucks and will be able to handle this bus without difficulty. Spare parts (NefAZ-5299) are maximally unified with parts and assemblies of KamAZ trucks, so you can easily find anything you want, and even something that is rare. Any spare units and parts can be purchased from official dealers. As for the durability of the bus, good driving, as well as timely maintenance these machines are able to serve for several years before the very first repairs.

Model prices

For new NefAZ-5299 buses, the price is from 5 million rubles. There are also many offers for secondary market- used copies will cost much less. But it must be taken into account that such machines require certain costs for restoration and bringing them back to normal.

The NefAZ-5299 bus is one of the most popular types of municipal transport in Russia. The same age as the new century, born in his still short life, he has sold more than ten thousand copies to the car parks of the entire large country.

Description of the bus

Indicative for assessing the reliability and running characteristics of the NefAZ-5299 bus is that it is based on the chassis of the time-tested, road and off-road cargo serial KamAZ-5297. Tubeless wheels with steel rims, all-metal body with stiffening ribs made of square tube, double-circuit pneumatic control and control equipment, which meets international standards, the power steering is nothing new, but it is durable and safe.

The standard version of the bus is equipped with an anti-lock brake system.

The driver's cab is separated from the passenger compartment by a glass partition that protects against noise and is equipped with a loudspeaker. A set of adjustments and suspension driver's seat not as modern as we would like, but they allow you to get behind the wheel quite comfortably.

Entrance doors are opened from the cabin with the help of pneumatic mechanisms.

Ventilation - natural, through hatches in the roof (there are three of them in a city bus) and vents on the side windows.

Heat from an autonomous liquid or gas heater, which is also starting preheater engine, is distributed evenly throughout the cabin, because the elements of the system are located along the perimeter of the bus.

The number of seats and the total cabin capacity depend on the modification of the NefAZ-5299 bus.

Bus Specifications

The overall dimensions of the base model are 11700 × 2500 × 3100 mm. The wheelbase is 5840 mm. The curb weight of the bus is more than ten, and the full weight is eighteen tons. The load is unevenly distributed along the axles: 6.5 tons - on the front and 11.5 tons - on the rear.

The ground clearance is 285 mm, the minimum turning radius is 12 meters.

Maximum city speed base bus from diesel engine- 74 km / h. Suburbans accelerate to 96 km / h, and the speed is higher than this on most Russian roads and not required.

Bus engines

Several types of engines are installed on NefAZ-5299, running on different types fuel.

On the diesel fuel works 6ISBe270B with a capacity of 270 liters. from. and a volume of 6.7 liters. The six-cylinder engine is turbocharged. is 24 liters per 100 km, the volume fuel tank- 250 l. The diesel engine complies with EURO-3 environmental standards. The gearbox can be either manual or four-speed automatic.

Mods that work on natural gas, comply with the higher environmental standards EURO-4 and EURO-5.

An eight-cylinder KamAZ-820.61-260 engine with a capacity of 260 hp runs on liquefied gas. from. 11.76 liter turbocharged.

The six-cylinder Mercedes-Benz M 906 LAG / EEV / 1 engine is slightly more powerful - 280 hp. from. with a smaller volume of 6.9 thousand liters.

The Yuchai YC6G260N-50 six-cylinder 7.8L engine produces a maximum output of 247 hp. from.

The volume of the gas cylinder system of eight containers is 984 liters. Cylinders for liquefied gas are located on the roof of the NefAZ-5299 bus (photo below).

A four-speed automatic is installed on it, and a five-speed manual gearbox with four synchronizers is installed on the suburban ones.

Bus modifications

The popularity of the NefAZ-5299 bus is evidenced by a large number of modifications: there have been forty-two of them since the start of production.

The basic model is intended for transportation of passengers within the city. The total capacity is 105 people, there can be 25 seats. This bus has three wide doors, the engine can be either diesel or gas-powered, almost all modifications have an automatic transmission.

In addition to the fact that most modifications of the city bus are low-floor, they are also equipped with a forced body tilt system.

Suburban modifications have a smaller capacity - 89 people, but they are equipped with more comfortable tourist seats, adapted for long trips.

Intercity NefAZ-5299 with one door has 43 seats and is equipped with luggage compartments. Comfortable car seats with reclining backs and armrests, air conditioning and radio make long trips not so tiring. A modification for long-distance transportation in the north is produced separately. It has additional and batteries, electric heating of the fuel intake, fuel heating tank before starting.

If suburban modifications are all medium-floor, then city buses are also made in semi-low-floor and low-floor versions with ramps for passengers with disabilities and a special place in the center of the cabin for a wheelchair.

Bus maintenance and repair

Most of the components and assemblies of the NefAZ-5299 model have been tested on serial trucks, they are well known to specialists, so their repair and maintenance do not cause problems.

A high degree of unification not only reduced the cost of assembling buses, but also simplified and reduced the cost of repairs. You can buy spare parts from official KamAZ dealers, and their network is quite extensive.

Shuttle bus ride

The suburban NefAZ-5299 is designed for 45 seats, and almost the same number of passengers can stand. It has two doors located in opposite parts of the body, which makes the passage uncomfortably long. And given that the seats with armrests are wide enough, the aisle can also be considered narrow, where it is difficult for two passengers, especially in warm clothes, to pass each other.

In addition, in suburban buses, people, as a rule, travel with shopping bags, which in the NefAZ-5299 model simply have nowhere to go. The seats are close enough to accommodate the legs, and the overhead shelves are narrow. Luggage compartment the bus is provided, but the practical use of it is very doubtful. Passengers traveling from the beginning to the end of the route can use it, at intermediate stops the driver does not get out to open and close the cover again.

What is convenient for passengers is large doorways that are well lit at night, and low-lying steps - modifications suburban buses all midfield.

The characteristics of the NefAZ-5299 bus make it very popular throughout the Russian Federation.

A well-thought-out design, equipment for the disabled in many modifications, air conditioners are convenient for passengers. Good visibility, modern electronics and a fairly comfortable seat are advantages for drivers.

NefAZ-5299 - bus Russian production, which began to be produced in 2000 at the Neftekamsk Automobile Plant. Most often used for passenger traffic around town. In the period 2000–2013 more than 10,000 buses were produced from the assembly line, which indicates the great popularity of the model, which was included in the list of 100 best goods in Russia 5 times.

Basic technical characteristics of the model

NefAZ-5299 is a whole series of buses produced for urban, suburban and intercity passenger traffic. For all these purposes, the plant produces appropriate modifications. The basis for the production of the basic model of buses was the platform of KamAZ trucks of serial production.

City bus NefAZ-5299 with a high level of passive and active safety

The designers decided to use chassis proven by successful operation and multiple tests trucks KAMAZ, which allows you to overcome various obstacles on the road. Chassis has high performance characteristics, with a large margin of safety. All bus equipment complies with international technical standards.

This model is used for mass passenger transportation around the city, so the bus has high requirements for safety and compliance with environmental standards. The model has a high level of passive and active safety. Modifications that run on methane comply with Euro 3, Euro 4 and Euro 5 environmental safety standards.

Specifications of the base model

BodyWagon layout, bearing
doors3 units
Doorway1.2 m
wheels4x2
Body potential12 years old
Reversal (radius)12 m
Max speed70 km/h
Fuel consumption24 liters per 100 kilometers
Total Seats101
Number of seats25+1
Length11.8 m
Width2.5 m
Height3m
Base5.96 m
Full mass18 tons
Ceiling height2.5 m
Brake systemRheostatic and pneumatic
Ventilation systemNatural
HeatingRadiator
EngineCummins 6ISBe270B
BridgeRABA or ZF

Modifications of buses NefAZ-5299

The Neftekamsk plant produces a whole series of modifications of model 5299 buses. In total, 42 modifications have been produced since the start of production. This large number is due to the high demand for this model, as well as with a variety of conditions in which the bus is operated.

Modification 5299-10 is the first model of this series, the production of which began in 2000. The body is made of all-metal material. Initially, the design was the same as that of the Belarusian bus MAZ 104, but in 2004 the exterior was modified. Modification 5299-10 is equipped with a diesel engine and gearbox from KamAZ. The length of all three doorways is 1.2 meters.

Bus NefAZ-5299-10 is the first model in this series

Modification 5299-11 is designed for suburban passenger traffic. Of the features of this modification of the base model, it can be distinguished that the 5299-11 has only two doors, and the number of seats has increased to 45. The total capacity of the bus is 77 units. Comfortable tourist seats are installed, designed for long trips.

Bus NefAZ 5299-11 of increased comfort for suburban transportation

Modification 5299-30-32 is designed for urban passenger traffic. Body frame, load-bearing with thermal insulation. The engine is located at the rear of the bus. The heating system is based on liquid heater. There are 3 ventilation hatches on the roof. The doors open into the cabin with the help of a pneumatic electronic drive. The bus is equipped to transport the disabled. The cabin has 4 seats for people with disabilities.

Technical characteristics of the bus modification 5299-30-32

Total capacity97 people
Total capacity (disabled option)88 people
Number of seats25+1
Number of seats (disabled option)26+1
Curb weight of the bus11 tons
Full mass18 tons
Mass distribution:
- front axle6.5 tons
- rear axle11.5 tons
Floor height at front and middle doors36 centimeters
Floor height at rear door78 centimeters
Distance from step to road level36 centimeters
Door opening width1.2 m
Distance from ceiling to floor:
- at the rear door2.2 m
- at the level of the front and middle doors2.5 m
Chassis:
- modelKAMAZ-5297
- wheels4x2
Engine:
- modelCummins 6ISBe270B
- volume6.7 liters
- power201 kW
- maximum speed70 km/h

The city bus NefAZ-5299-30-32 is equipped with seats for the transportation of disabled people

Modification 52994 is low-floor. The bus is designed for passenger transportation around the city. There are no steps in the doorways. It differs from the base model by the middle door shifted back. The total capacity of this modification is 96 people. The feature of the model is the presence electronic system air suspension control. Attracts attention navigation system and a device that monitors the state of the driver. The driver's cab and interior are air-conditioned.

Comfortable city bus NefAZ-52994, interior is equipped with air conditioners

Modification 5299-30-31 (methane) is intended for passenger transportation around the city. The body is load-bearing with three double-leaf doors that open with an electric drive. The heating system operates on the basis of an autonomous gas heater. The volume of all cylinders is 984 liters, which allows you to hold 197 m3 of gas at a pressure of 200 atmospheres.

The advantages of this modification:

  • saving on fuel (allows you to reduce costs by 2-3 times);
  • number exhaust gases and toxic emissions are significantly reduced;
  • the cost of paying for harmful emissions into the atmosphere is reduced by 3.6 times;
  • maintenance costs are reduced;
  • gas that is used as fuel is much safer than propane or gasoline.

A feature of modification 5299-30-31 is increased comfort for passengers. The convenience of boarding and disembarking is ensured by the optimal height of the bus, which is semi-low-floor. Smooth running is ensured by air suspension and hydromechanical gearbox VOITH D845.3E.

Technical characteristics of modification 5299-30-31

Kind of transportcity ​​bus
Total Seats84
Number of seats25
Mass distribution:
- on the front axle6.4 tons
- on the rear axle11.6 tons
- full mass18 tons
Dimensions:
- height3.4 m
- width2 m
- length11.9 m
- rear overhang2.7 m
- front overhang3.3 m
- distance between axles5.8 m
Fuel system:
- cylinders8 bottles of 133 liters
- the amount of refueling fuel197 m3
- fuelCompressed natural gas
Transmission
- number of gears4
- modelVOITH D854.3E
- typeHydromechanical automatic
Engine:
- model820.61
- cylindersV-8
- power260 HP
- working volume11.8 l
- environmental SafetyEuro 4
doors3 units
VentilationNatural

Bus NefAZ-5299-30-31, an economical model that runs on gas

Modification 5299-17 is intended for intercity passenger transportation. Distinctive feature this model is the design of the front. The bus is equipped luggage compartment and sliding doors. Often, air conditioning is installed in the cabin. The total capacity of the bus is 59 seats, of which 43 are for seating. The model is equipped mechanical box German-made ZF gears and Cummins engine.

NefAZ-5299-17 universal, high-quality intercity bus

The NefAZ-5299 bus is very popular in Russia. This was achieved thanks to the versatility and high quality assembly of this model. The bus is very convenient for passengers, which is ensured by a well-thought-out design, the presence of equipment for the disabled, installed on many modifications, the possibility of installing air conditioners, etc. The advantages for the driver are good visibility, a comfortable seat and modern electronics. Help in emergency situations ABS system included in basic equipment.

Video: Bus NefAZ-5299-20-32 in action

The NefAZ 5299 bus was put into mass production in 2000. It is one of the most common types of special equipment used as municipal transport. The Neftekamsk Automobile Plant produces about 1000 copies of these buses annually. They go to bus fleets all over the country.

Technical characteristics of the city bus NefAZ 5299

Familiarization with technical specifications NefAZ 5299 allows you to evaluate the advantages of buses of this series. The basis for the production of buses was the chassis of serial KamAZ trucks. Truck platforms, proven by time and numerous tests, allow buses to easily overcome any obstacles on the road. All elements of the chassis have a high margin of safety and show themselves well in operation. Control and management equipment comply with all international standards for buses of this class. The level of active and passive safety is also at a high level.

Engines for NefAZ 5299 are of several types. The KamAZ-820.61-260 motor has a maximum net power of 260 horsepower at a speed of 2200 rpm. The maximum torque in this case is 931 N * m. The eight-cylinder power unit uses a V-shaped installation of cylinders. The working volume is 11.76 liters. Liquefied gas is used as fuel. The engine is equipped with a turbocharger with pre-cooling of the air flow, electromagnetic metering and distributed injection with spark ignition. The motor complies with international environmental standards EURO-4. The bus is equipped with 8 cylinders with a capacity of 123 liters each. The gearbox is a four-speed automatic.

Cummins 6ISBe270B diesel engines have a net power of 270 horsepower at 2500 rpm. The maximum torque in this case is 970 N * m. The six-cylinder power unit has an in-line arrangement of cylinders. The working volume is 6.7 liters. The motor is equipped with a turbocharger with air pre-cooling. Conforms to requirements of ecological standards EURO-3. The fuel consumption of NefAZ 5299 with this type of engine is 24 liters per 100 kilometers. The fuel tank capacity is 250 liters.

NefAZ 5299 has the following dimensions: length - 11.76 meters, width - 2.5 meters, height - 3.036 meters, wheelbase- 5.84 meters. The curb weight of the bus is 10.24 tons, and the total weight is 18 tons. The distribution of the load along the axles: on the front - 6.5 tons, on the back - 11.5 tons. the minimum turning radius is 12 meters. The bus is equipped with hydraulic power steering and a loudspeaker so that the driver can make announcements to the passenger compartment. The driver's compartment is separated from the passenger compartment by a glass partition, which provides high sound insulation so that extraneous sounds do not distract the driver from driving.

Installed on the bus steel discs size 8.25x22.5 and tubeless tires radial type size 275/70 R22.5. The brake system has two circuits and pneumatic action. To help the driver in emergency situations on the road, the ABS system, which is included in the basic package, is designed. The all-metal wagon-type body plays the role of a supporting structure. It is equipped with stiffening ribs that protect the bus from deformation. Passengers enter through three double doors, which open automatically from the driver's cab thanks to pneumatic mechanisms.

In total, there are 25 seats in the cabin, and the total capacity is 84 people. Ventilation is carried out naturally through the side windows and hatches. Heating is carried out using an autonomous gas heater. Heat is evenly distributed throughout the cabin, as the heating elements are located around the entire inner perimeter of the bus.

The plant produces several modifications based on the base model

NefAZ 5299-10 is a standard high-floor bus. This index was received by the very first models released Neftekamsk plant. Initially appearance buses was borrowed from the Belarusian MAZ 104. Later buses received their own original exterior design.

NefAZ 5299-11 is a suburban modification of the base model. It has only two doors for boarding passengers, and the number of seats has been increased to 45 units. In total, the bus can accommodate up to 77 people. More comfortable travel seats are installed on it, which are well suited for long journeys.

NefAZ 5299-17 is a long-distance modification. The bus is equipped with special compartments for luggage and has 43 seats. The cabin has comfortable seats with reclining backs and armrests. Also included in the basic package is air conditioning and a radio. The speakers of the audio system are directed into the cabin so that passengers can listen to music on the road, but at the same time it does not distract the driver from his duties.

NefAZ 5299-30 is a semi-low-floor modification of the basic model. It has an increased cabin capacity of up to 115 people, as well as special places for people with disabilities. The central door is equipped with a special ramp, which allows you to easily enter the salon in a wheelchair. Also in the middle part of the bus there is a special place for a wheelchair, which is equipped with a seat belt. It allows you to fasten the stroller so that it does not hang around the cabin while driving.

Maintenance and repair of NefAZ 5299 does not pose any particular difficulties. The use of components and assemblies tested on serial trucks has allowed us to accumulate a wealth of experience, so that a skilled mechanic will cope with any repair in the shortest possible time. A high degree of unification of parts with KamAZ trucks makes it easy to find any spare parts for NefAZ 5299 from official dealers of the Kama plant. With skillful driving and timely after-sales service buses will last more than one year before the first overhaul.

The price of NefAZ 5299 for new models is about 5 million rubles. In the secondary market, you can buy equipment several times cheaper. But it should be borne in mind that the equipment that has been in use may require additional costs to bring it into proper form. Therefore, when choosing a model, you should conduct a thorough examination and diagnostics in order to buy a really worthwhile product.

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