Every motorist sooner or later begins to think about how to improve something in his four-wheeled friend. For some, it is enough to install a braid on the gearshift lever and steering wheel, while someone decides to carry out a more serious reconstruction. There are three types of tuning: technical, musical and styling. In this article, we will look at each of them. You should start, perhaps, with styling, which involves the process of visual transformation of the car. Styling can be both internal (interior modification) and external (exterior modification).

There are many solutions for interior remodeling. The most stylish and expensive change is the installation of sports seats. Although, if you do not chase the brand, that is, do not buy chairs from famous foreign manufacturers (Recaro, Sparco, etc.), but be content with the products of domestic firms, it will not take much money. Sports chairs of our companies (UNP, Pro Sport, etc.) are not inferior in quality to imported counterparts, and in some respects even surpass them. Often, tuning fans resort to replacing the serial steering wheel with a sports donut with a smaller diameter.

Pretty interesting option. internal tuning- styling film. On sale you can find a film of various colors, it is not difficult to choose the right one for the interior of your car. There are even films that imitate natural carbon fiber, an expensive composite material consisting of hydrocarbon fibers that is popular with fans of total car tuning. Another way to change the interior is to paint with special paints, they can be applied to fabric, plastic, etc.
Of the additional details, it is worth noting the door sills and pedals, the handbrake and gear knob, chrome and aluminum rims and frames, as well as all kinds of aluminum or rubber mats.

Mostly exterior styling starts with the installation of forged or light alloy rims. And this is quite understandable, because beautiful alloy wheels instantly transform the appearance of the car, and the price for them is quite acceptable. In addition, correctly selected discs improve dynamism and handling, and their lighter weight leads to lower fuel consumption and stress on parts and suspension units.

The next stage of external tuning is. On the shelves you can find ready-made tuning kits for domestic and imported cars. If you want to get an original body kit, but you do not have such money, then you can use the services of a tuning studio. The masters of this business will develop a design and make a body kit you like. A car that has received sports thresholds and bumpers can no longer do without a suitable spoiler. In addition to the aesthetic function, the spoiler is needed to create downforce on high speeds. There are models of spoilers, the angle of inclination of which is regulated directly from the passenger compartment using a special electromechanical device.


Recently, tuned optics have become popular. Depending on the available funds, you can buy not very high-quality optics from Taiwan and Korea, or you can treat yourself to certified products from well-known manufacturers. The most widespread flashlights and headlights from two companies - Street Storm and Pro Sport.

This type of tuning is the most difficult and expensive. Some sometimes invest up to 500% of its value in finalizing a car. Of course, only a few decide on this, we will consider only the most commonly used options for the technical refinement of machines. The direction of technical tuning can be different, it all depends on the desired result and on the amount of money that you have.


Many begin technical training with the refinement of the heart of the car - the engine. Replace standard camshafts with shafts with a modified cam profile. At the same time, tuned camshafts are made for both grassroots and riding fans. This means that the engine can change operating characteristic in the region of medium and low speed(from 2500 to 4500 rpm), or, conversely, high (from 4500 rpm). The downstream cam is for you if you like traffic light racing as the motor kicks in instantly. And the horse camshaft is usually chosen by those who love top speed and higher power. Together with the camshaft, the composite pulley is changed. It helps to optimize the valve timing as accurately as possible and ideally tune the engine to the operation of a particular engine. camshaft. AT injection engines in addition to the pulley, the engine control unit (chip tuning) is subject to reprogramming.

You can also use it without a camshaft if you just need to reprogram the car for a specific driving style. For those who like to drive, the “Sport” option is perfect, and for those who love quiet ride- "Economy" option.

You can also carry out a deeper tuning of the engine, which involves replacing the crankshaft, rings, pistons, liners, etc., but that's another story. In this article, we only cover the initial stages of tuning.
Another option for technical tuning is the improvement of intake and exhaust. For this, graduation and intake manifolds, the inlet is equipped with a low-resistance filter, and the outlet is equipped with a spider collector, a flame arrester, a straight-through muffler and a straight-through resonator. These improvements provide the motor with free inhalation and exhalation, which helps to increase its power by up to 20%.

Available . More precisely, tuning mechanical box gears. Owners of an automatic transmission will first have to replace it with a manual transmission. Gearbox tuning involves replacing main couple and gear ratios. This helps to change the driving characteristics of the car for a specific driving style. In addition to the row and pairs, a ceramic-metal clutch and a lightweight flywheel are installed. A lighter flywheel allows the engine to get up to speed faster, while the clutch provides longer life when driving in extreme conditions.


Suspension of the car and its brake system also often subjected to tuning. Replacing the factory brakes with new, stronger ones will be needed if the engine power is increased. The standard suspension is also rather weak, it will need intervention. In addition to replacing the shock absorbers and springs themselves, struts, reinforced shock absorber cups, and reinforced stabilizers are often installed in order to improve car handling. roll stability and etc.

The process of car audio preparation is also called tuning - musical, and sometimes you can hear such a thing as "acoustic" tuning. The first stage is the choice of a head unit that meets all the necessary requirements. Next comes the turn of the automobile music speakers. It is worth noting that component acoustics, in which the high-frequency speaker is installed separately from the broadband speaker, provides better sound quality. To get the most out of your music system, an amplifier will come in handy. And for lovers of powerful music, a subwoofer is necessary. A high-quality music system will also require a capacitor and special certified cables. Professional wires transmit sound without distorting it, and a capacitor reduces interference and compensates for voltage drops at high volumes.

You can talk about endlessly. You can read a separate article about the installation or replacement of some tuned part, which is full of Internet. We just wanted to give a small idea of ​​how you can change your car. The expression "there is no limit to perfection" is fully suitable for tuning.

The field of auto tuning does not cease to be popular. Car owners always want to improve the performance and appearance of their car. Therefore, there is always a demand for a variety of services. But there is serious competition here. So you need to choose the most advantageous option. Success will depend on what you know how to do and what kind of partners you take to help.

Types of tuning: basic business ideas

This area of ​​\u200b\u200bauto business may include the provision of a variety of services. These are chip tuning, interior modernization, external body tuning, installation of LEDs - and much more.

It is advisable to start with the provision of a specific service and don't take on everything at once. For example, offer LED tuning separately. Then nothing prevents us from expanding, increasing the number of employees, and providing other services.

If you take on everything at once, there is a risk of getting a failed business, when even with the optimal number of clients, you will no longer be able to cope with the work.

Consider some business ideas.

Chip tuning

HIP tuning is used for different purposes:

• Engine power increase. With this, the main thing is not to overdo it, because software work with the engine can lead to its wear. With the right approach, there will be an optimal increase in power, an improvement in acceleration dynamics.
• Trouble-shooting. Car owners, especially domestic ones, regularly observe an engine check signal that lights up. However, the device itself works fine. Many such errors can occur, so car owners often apply for this service.

For such a business, you will need a computer, adapters, a microcircuit programmer, the microcircuits and panels themselves, a firmware downloader and the firmware itself.

Salon tuning

Tuning the interior is always promising. Not everyone wants to improve the performance of a car, but everyone wants to feel comfortable. In particular, this applies to leather upholstery, installation of a powerful acoustic system, improved sound insulation, vibration isolation, etc.

Interior improvement may be required for cars of any brand, any year of manufacture. Even if the car is new, the car owner may regret not taking advantage of some of the benefits of the improved configuration.

External tuning

External tuning is used for two purposes:

• Improvement appearance car;
• Improvement of running characteristics.

You can do tuning the exhaust system. This improves engine performance. Also, body kits are installed on cars - aerodynamic skirts that improve driving performance. For such tuning, you will need a guillotine, a lathe, a press, and tools. But not everyone knows how to do such tuning.

Car owners also want to give the car more sporty look. To do this, spoilers are installed, headlights, bumpers are changed, new rims are installed, the size and shape of the wings change - this list can be continued for a long time.

Installing LEDs

LED lighting is installed in the form of a strip or separate small lamps. It is installed on any part of the car, both inside and outside. Can be illuminated separately rims, install the backlight on the body pillars. If there is a controller, you can change the color of the backlight, its brightness and saturation. You can completely change the interior lighting and install LED.

This business is convenient because for him no special equipment required- only a basic set of tools, and most importantly - your knowledge and skills. Funds are needed only for the purchase of lighting. It is available on order, so organizing a business is also not a problem. As for the premises, any garage will do.

Aerography

This can be done if you know how to do or know an excellent specialist. The service is in demand, you can even specialize specifically in it at first.

To do airbrushing, you need to allocate a separate box, purchase equipment:

• compressor
• airbrush
• spray booth
• infrared drying

It is very important to have a good portfolio. If clients do not see examples of your work, they are unlikely to want to place an order. Therefore, practice on your car, the cars of your friends. Offer someone airbrushing for a symbolic price.

Define your niche

As already noted, at first, narrow specialization is important in this business. But this is relevant not only for starting a business, but also for its functioning in a competitive environment. You can specialize in a particular type of car or brand.

Individual brands

As an example, you can do tuning VAZ cars. It is popular in Russia everywhere and always. You can endlessly engage in interior and bodywork - there will always be those who wish. Spare parts are quite cheap, they are produced in Tolyatti, Lipetsk, Moscow and other cities.

You can do tuning certain foreign cars, for example, Subaru. Study the market, and if car owners in the city have a need for tuning cars of this brand, you can make a service and form a permanent customer base.

SUVs

You can also specialize in tuning a certain type of car, such as SUVs. It is generally considered by many as a separate industry. SUVs will require a room with a larger area and other tools than other types of cars.

The wheel arches expand, a snorkel is installed for unhindered movement on the water, a roof rack, etc.

Where to begin

The most important points when starting a business:

• Market analysis, choosing your niche. Talk to car enthusiasts, do research, make a list of auto centers that offer their services. Identify their shortcomings, pay attention to whether all services are available.
• Determining your own specialization. If you choose, for example, a chip tuning business, move in this direction.
• Drawing up a business plan. It should reflect all costs, competitive advantages, development and promotion plan.
• Room search. As a rule, a garage, a small hangar or a special building for automotive technical centers - depends on the type of business and scale.
• Search for a supplier of spare parts. Experienced businessmen are advised to find a maximum of 2-3 permanent suppliers and work only with them.
• Staff. Find yourself a partner. It is desirable that this be an experienced craftsman or an easily trained employee, in the case when you will take on the bulk of the work. The business does not require a large number of people if you work in a room designed for 1-3 cars. In this case, 3 people is the maximum.
• Register a business. If you will independently engage in airbrushing, installing LEDs or painting, it is enough to issue an IP. And if you perform body tuning and work with a large number of customers and staff, it is better to register a company, a legal entity.

As for the payback and profitability of a business, it all depends on its type. Minimum start-up capital - in the case of lighting installation. It will take from 10 thousand rubles + room rental. There is no maximum value - it all depends on the cost of the equipment, the need for preliminary purchase of spare parts. For tuning VAZ cars, you can purchase the essentials in advance. But for foreign cars - it is better to work under the order.

Video: car tuning

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Project Summary

The goal of the project is to create an enterprise that provides styling services for cars and motorcycles (graphic tuning studio "New Skin"). The bottom line is to apply airbrush images or vinyl film on the body of cars, motorcycles, yachts, etc.; decoration of the salon with films and decor. It can be both artistic and advertising images, false chrome and so on. Images can be both standard and custom-made.

A prerequisite for the implementation of the project is the growing desire of car and motorcycle owners to customize their vehicle, to give it a unique look. Given the relatively low cost of styling the appearance, this species services are very popular.

The intended format of the enterprise largely distinguishes it from existing competitors, and minimizing the cost of doing business makes it highly profitable. There is no positioning in any particular price segment - the company offers a wide range of prices, from budget to premium, depending on the wishes of the customer.

The project is geographically located in the city of Stavropol. The duration of the project is not limited in time. The effectiveness of the project is confirmed by financial calculations and the obtained integral performance indicators (Table 1).

Table 1. Integral project performance indicators

Discount rate (r), %
Discount rate (r-month), %
Payback period (PP), months
Discounted payback period (DPP), months
Net present value (NPV), rub.
Return on investment ratio (ARR), %
Internal rate of return (IRR), %
Yield Index (PI)

Description of the company and industry

The company offers exterior and interior styling services for any Vehicle. This can be done with airbrush or vinyl film. Image design, if necessary, is custom-made by an experienced graphic designer. Materials of various price categories are used in the work, in accordance with the wishes of the client. However, when selecting even budget materials, strict quality control is carried out.

Unlike existing tuning studios that offer a wide range of services to improve the appearance, New Skin specializes only in applying images and film. This allows you to get more favorable incoming prices for the material used due to the consolidated volume of orders, as well as keep an in-house airbrush and graphic designer. All this improves the quality of services provided and their availability.

The territorial location of the enterprise is very successful, because, due to the peculiarities of the national composition of the population of the city and the region, the desire for customization of vehicles is at a high level here. It is supposed to cover not only the market of Stavropol, but also the entire Stavropol Territory - with a sufficient level of fame, provided by advertising and an accumulated client base.

The population of Stavropol is 426 thousand people; population of the Stavropol Territory - 2.8 million people. According to research data, the total number of cars in Stavropol is about 120 thousand units. Thus, if we assume that the owners of at least 5% of them have a desire to change the look of their car, the number of potential customers will be 6,000 people. The target audience- men (90%) and women (10%), aged 18 to 40; the level of income is not critical, since Novaya Kozha offers solutions for any price segment.

Search engines for relevant queries offer no more than 10 tuning studios providing such services. Presumably, the same number of ateliers provide services without an Internet site. In addition, single masters can provide similar services.

Most tuning studios offer, first of all, engine chip tuning, car body kit, and graphic design is offered only as an additional service. Often this negatively affects its quality.

The provision of such services requires a minimum specialized equipment. The cost of a set of tools and equipment is 250,000 rubles. Thus, the volume of investment costs for the project is extremely small (Table 2).

Table 2. Investment costs

NAME	AMOUNT, rub.
Room equipment
Equipment set
working capital
Total:	1 500 000
Own funds:
Required borrowings:	1 000 000
Bid:
Term, months:

Description of services and goods

The company has a narrow specialization and focuses on graphic design. In Table. 3 shows the full range of services offered and their prices. Since each type of service is expected to use Supplies different price segments, the table shows the average prices. Variable costs include the cost of consumables.

Table 3. The range of services of the graphic tuning studio "New Skin"

Product/Service	Unit costs rub.	Trade margin %	Unit cost rub.
Aerography, for 1 sq.m.
For cars, class C, D
Vinyl film without image, for cars, class E, F
Vinyl film without image, for cars, class SUV
Anti-gravel film
Removing the vinyl film
Total:

Airbrushing is the most expensive way to style a car. Using a spray gun, paint is applied to the paintwork. Such a drawing can only be done by a high-level professional. It is impossible to delete it.

Vinyl wrap has been used more and more in recent years. It can be applied both to the entire body of the car, and to any individual part of it. The film can be one-color, have a structure (for example, carbon or metal) or a pattern. Any drawing can be applied - from the catalog, provided by the customer or custom-made by the designer. The cost of applying the film to the car depends on its size.

Applying a corporate/advertising sticker involves applying a vinyl film with a logo or other advertising message to a part of the car body. As a rule, these are the front doors. The image can be provided by the customer, or developed by the studio designer. Typically, these stickers are more simple compared to artistic vinylography.

Car tinting is a well-known car window filming service. Tinting protects the car from the sun and prying eyes, which, first of all, reduces the risk of burglary and robbery.

Anti-gravel film is a special transparent durable film that is applied to some parts of the car body that are most prone to chips and scratches. The most effective type of anti-gravel films - polyurethane. In addition to protecting the paintwork, they provide additional gloss to the part and have a self-healing surface. Service life - 5-7 years.

The dismantling of the film is no less important, since if dismantled incorrectly, there is a high risk of damage to the paintwork. As a result, when removing the film, the specialists of the studio pay special attention to the technology offered by the manufacturer of a particular type of film.

Sales and Marketing

The project does not involve the use of active sales techniques. Attracting customers at the first stage of the project is supposed to be carried out through massive advertising, participation in auto shows and other similar events. For the greatest clarity, it is planned to use a demonstration sample - a foreign-made car, sporty in design, costing no more than 300,000 rubles. At the same time, the condition of the engine, chassis or interior of the car does not actually matter, since the possibilities of styling the exterior will be demonstrated. With the exception of periods of participation in promotional events, the demo car will be exhibited in the largest shopping and entertainment center in the city.

An important means of promoting the services of the atelier is a website containing not only information about the services offered, but also reference information about styling in general, a catalog of images for aero and vinylography, a portfolio, etc. Given the rather low level of competitors' sites, a well-executed site can be a serious impetus for a client to make a decision to visit the studio.

The project offers a niche product. The level of competition in this niche can be described as average. The main competitive advantage of Novaya Kozha is precisely its narrow specialization, which allows you to focus on specialized services, use high-quality tools, comply with the prescribed technology, and also keep specialized specialists on staff - a designer and an airbrush artist - which non-core tuning studios cannot afford; in turn, this affects the quality and timing of work. Thus, we can say that there are no direct competitors in the market.

However, existing tuning shops offer similar services in a similar range. The price level is on average 10-15% lower than that of the "New Skin". The higher price level is due to more high quality of the work performed, a long-term guarantee and an individual approach to each client.

Production plan

The enterprise is located in a rented premises on the outskirts of the city, close to the main traffic artery. The premises meet the requirements of supervisory authorities. It is assumed that there are three boxes of universal use. The required area of ​​the production facility is 50 m2. Technological process film application usually includes a two-stage washing and cleaning of the body, polishing it if necessary, then applying the actual film. Full wrapping of the car with a film takes from 2 to 4 days, depending on its size and the complexity of the surface. The provision of services is carried out by appointment by phone or through the website.

The demand for such services does not have a pronounced seasonality. The report on revenue and variable costs on a monthly basis is given in Appendix 1 of this business plan. Planned indicators for sales volumes are given in Table. four.

Table 4. Planned sales and variable costs

Product/Service	Average volume sales units/month	Price per one. rub.	Revenue rub.	Variables expenses rub.
Aerography, for 1 sq.m.
Vinyl film without picture, per car, class E, F
Vinyl film without picture, per car, SUV class
Vinyl film with a picture
Window tinting, rear hemisphere
Anti-gravel film
Removing the vinyl film
Total:			1 130 610

Customers are offered several types of film of various prices - China and European manufacturers.

Since some works are carried out within a few hours (glass tinting, application of anti-gravel film), it is planned to organize a recreation room with a sofa and armchairs, a TV set, a coffee machine in the room. The total area of ​​the premises is 75 m 2 .

organizational plan

Organizational and legal form of the enterprise - IP. The entrepreneur performs all the basic management functions and strategic planning. All employees of the enterprise report directly to the owner. There is no complex organizational structure.

The administrator of the atelier records clients, and is also responsible for the order in the atelier. No qualification is required for this position. Accounting outsourced.

Special requirements are placed on production specialists. An airbrush artist must have at least 5 years of experience in this field; The selection is based on the submitted portfolio. In addition, the artist performs a test task.

A graphic designer performs work on the development of images for vinylography. Qualification requirements: knowledge of design software, portfolio. Work experience is not required.

The specialists of the production site perform the whole range of work related to preparing the car for work, applying and dismantling the film. Experience in a car service is required, preferably in a tuning studio. Probationary period - 3 months.

Table 5. Staffing and payroll

Job title	Salary rub.	Qty people	FOT rub.
Administrator
airbrush specialist
Graphic Designer
Production site specialists
Total:
Social Security contributions:
Total with deductions:			247 000

Financial plan

To assess investment attractiveness, a financial plan is developed for a five-year period; prepare a cash flow statement. The volume of investment costs - 1.5 million rubles; the main costs are associated with the formation of a working capital fund until the company reaches payback. Own funds of the entrepreneur - 500,000 rubles. The remaining funds are attracted in the form of a bank loan for a period of 12 months.

Variable costs include the cost of materials used. Fixed costs are given in Table. 6. Advertising expenses are one of the main cost items. Depreciation takes into account the cost of all investment costs without working capital costs; depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over 5 years. The total amount of fixed costs is 172,000 rubles per month. A detailed financial plan is provided in Appendix 2 of this business plan.

Table 6. Fixed costs

NAME	AMOUNT IN MONTH, RUB
Rent
Communal payments
Telephony and Internet
Depreciation
Selling expenses
Management expenses
Total:

Efficiency mark

The effectiveness of the project is evaluated on the basis of the calculated integral performance indicators accepted in world practice (Table 1). The figures are calculated based on a five-year financial plan, taking into account the time value of money; for this, a discount rate is introduced, adopted for this project at the level of 10%, since the services are not innovative, the market is stable, and the risks are relatively low.

Net present value (NPV) is 13.96 million rubles, which significantly exceeds investment costs. Payback period - 12 months. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 10.97%, which is higher than the discount rate. Profitability index - 8.46 > 1. All this indicates a high investment attractiveness of the project.

Risks and guarantees

At the planning stage, it is necessary to foresee all possible risks, as well as measures to prevent or eliminate their consequences.

The main risk is associated with an incorrect assessment of the market situation and, as a result, underperformance of the revenue plan. Despite the fact that the received data was repeatedly rechecked, in case of negative developments, an alternative plan is provided, according to which it is envisaged to reduce costs by outsourcing the airbrush artist, designer and reducing one position of a production site specialist.

A competitor with a similar niche offer is unlikely to enter the market precisely because of its narrowness. It seems more likely that existing competitors will improve the quality of such services. In this case, measures are envisaged to increase customer loyalty, as well as active massive advertising.

In general, taking into account the low level of investment costs, we can say that the risks associated with the project are quite low.

Annex 2

Cash flow statement

Lost in garages and car markets. You won’t earn much here yet, but the prospects for this business are not bad: today every fifth car sold in Russia falls into the hands of tuning masters. The demand for their services is growing, despite the fact that fine-tuning a car often greatly shortens its life.

Many-sided exclusive

Today, increasing engine power is one of the main types of automotive refinement, in particular, this service is in great demand from the growing army of drag and street racers. In addition to tuning the engine itself, there are, as you know, chip tuning (increasing engine power by reconfiguring the control unit), as well as interior tuning (leather lining, installation of advanced "music", etc.), external tuning (various body kits - bumpers, wings, etc.), exhaust system tuning, etc. One of the main urges in this matter is the desire of car owners to relatively little blood join motorsport or simply satisfy driver's ambitions: few can afford to have a device like a Ferrari or Brabus - "fancy" in the factory Mercedes. But the "cosmetic" exclusive is able to warm the soul of many motorists.
Alexander Belokopytov, director of the Tuning Point company:

In Russia, this market arose three years ago out of nothing, it did not exist. After the film "Fast and the Furious" interest in tuning has sharply increased, now this interest has become stable. But until now, tuning is a spontaneous market.

It is clear that, theoretically, you can change anything in the car. And, according to dealers, every fifth car sold in Russia is subjected to one or another tuning.

Daria Alekseeva, Development Director of URT-tuning:

The motivation and style of owners of tuned cars depend on national characteristics. In the USA, for example, the gangster-rapper style prevails, in Japan - street racing or racing, in Germany, the car owner first of all wants to improve comfort. It is interesting that in Russia there is no distinct style, everything mentioned is present here in approximately equal proportions.

It is impossible to accurately determine the volume of the Russian tuning market, since most of it is in the shade. According to experts, we are talking about hundreds of millions of dollars. The leaders of this market in terms of sales (specialization is not taken into account) include such companies as Tuning Point, Pro-sport, Tuning Territory, Altechno, Sport-mobile, Pit Lane, LD-Turbo, Promaster, Lit -design", 4stars.

Car manufacturers have an attitude towards third party tuning wary or indifferent. Manufacturers of expensive foreign cars offer customers full-time tuning that claims to be exclusive, provided for by the factory program.

Vagif Bikulov, PR manager of Audi-Russia:

The manufacturer has its own lineups with non-standard settings - increased engine power, leather interiors exclusive in color and quality, etc. These are factory cars, they are covered by a guarantee. The price of a car with factory tuning, of course, is higher: if, for example, base model"Quartet" Audi costs from $30,000 (an average of $45,000), then the price of a tuned version can exceed $100,000.

Official representations and dealers usually do not welcome amateur performances of local tuning companies. What exclusivity, what technologies can be expected from those who were brought up in the Russian car industry? Squeaks in a leather-wrapped interior (factory reupholstering costs $1.5-7 thousand, "garage" - $500-700), broken engines, etc.

Local tuning companies do not always warn the car owner that the same chip tuning leads to accelerated wear of the engine, suspension, other components and parts, increased requirements for the type of oil and fuel quality. It is clear that an increase in engine power means additional costs for the manufacturer in a number of positions, while the car owner can limit himself only to reconfiguring the control unit, which, if low quality execution will just kill the engine. For example, with increasing power Audi engine only 20 liters. With. the cost of each connecting rod increases by $200, since it already has a different design.

Alexander Belokopytov:

You can increase the power of a car by chip tuning by a maximum of 25-30% (in the case of turbo engines). This type of tuning is limited to reconfiguring the control unit, no other changes are made to either the engine or the chassis. Official dealers will not be able to detect the fact of reconfiguring the software even if they want to, so the car will remain under warranty.

Interestingly, there is no regulation for "combat" cars. Theoretically, all fundamental changes in the car that affect the braking system, control, must somehow be coordinated with MADI or US. A certificate from there is quite inexpensive, but, according to many market participants, it is easier not to contact these institutions, but to solve problems with the traffic police on the spot. Note that traffic cops still do not have serial instruments that measure engine power, which many people use.

Alexey Antonenko, CEO of Supertuning:

No one fixes a tuning increase in engine power. If you come from the street to the traffic police and ask - can I do this and that, then they will tell you: "Of course, you can't!" That's why no one goes there.

However, in some cases, the tuning change in engine power is still fixed (not to be confused with replacing one engine with another). The payment for power sometimes becomes too expensive (with a power of 300 forces, the tax will be 30 thousand rubles per year), and the owner of the car deliberately understates the number of "horses" under the hood, referring to some kind of "environmental" or "economical" tuning, which made it possible to reduce power. Such a paper "tuning" costs about 15 thousand rubles.

It should also be noted that the presence of "tramples" at the traffic police allows car owners not to undergo technical inspection, even though recently MOT should be recorded on a video camera. According to one of the experts, only half of all Moscow cars get into the camera lenses during technical inspection. It is clear that almost all charged "cars" with non-standard engines, brake and exhaust systems, etc. are among those who pass MOT only on paper, more precisely on the inspection ticket.
Engine tuning is not yet very profitable, and this is one of the reasons why companies are in no hurry to legalize themselves and combine tuning car services with ordinary ones in their activities.
Sergey Blagoveshchensky: Today, tuning the engine, you can probably earn something, but this is hemorrhoids. A number of models have low tuning potential. For example, "Italians" do not tune at all. From the "Japanese" - ambitious Toyota owners they want speed, people with Subaru - so that "everything is rich", sometimes Nissan and Mazda are tuned. But on a banal car service you can earn more than on tuning. Unless, of course, you are tuning Mercedes.

Of the sedans, the highest tuning potential for Subaru Impreza and Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, they are often bought as sports cars with an eye on tuning. In particular, constructors Lancer evolution laid the possibility of forcing the engine by increasing the pressure in the turbine. The transmission easily tolerates an increase in power up to 450 hp. with., so only the clutch is replaced. There are a great many sets of parts for boosting the Evolution engine, produced by well-known.

Owners of other foreign cars resort to tuning less frequently. Some companies (for example, Tuning Point) work with all popular foreign cars in Russia up to 10 years old ( Ford Focus, Volkswagen Passat, Mazda3, etc.). But this is a car for the middle class, and their tuning potential is small.

Daria Alekseeva: Nissan and Citroen buyers are not very solvent, that is, they buy a car either on credit or with the last money, deep tuning is beyond their means.

Not just a motor...

Car interior companies have much less trouble identifying tuning potential. Not everyone wants or can become a racer, but many people want to cover the interior with leather and install AV electronics (including high-end), a GPS navigation system, improve noise and vibration isolation, etc., and in most cases it can be done without big problems(Speech, of course, not about finances).

Sergey Volkov, managing director of the Ministry of Sound company:

The tuning potential of most car brands, in which you need to put speakers, amplifiers, a subwoofer, a home theater or an office with navigation, is approximately on the same level. We are visited by the most tuned cars different brands. Those that are under warranty come, and those who are already 30 years old. We buy equipment from dealers, we do not contact manufacturers directly. The cost of installation is about 50% of the price of the equipment itself. Market entry similar tuning will cost around $100,000.

It is known that the dynamic properties of the car can be slightly improved by changing exhaust system, as well as overlaying its body with a body kit (in particular, the so-called aerodynamic skirt). 4stars, a company whose employees once participated in races, made their business on homemade exhaust systems. Know-how firms are now in serious demand.

Evgeny Savelyev, CFO of 4stars:

With the help of our exhaust tuning technologies, you can increase engine power by 6-7 hp. With. Our workshop is located in the Moscow region. For such manual production, it is necessary to have a guillotine, a press, a lathe and some small things, but the main thing is good working hands, which are now in acute shortage. All this equipment is not cheap - $ 40-100 thousand.

We do not serve individual racers, we work mainly with legal entities, racing teams, etc. For example, one of the last orders for 10 sets with a silencer, a manifold and a resonator cost our customer - a sports team - $ 10 thousand, taking into account warranty service. Previously, such exhaust systems were purchased in Finland, but the Finns turned out to be far from ideal partners in terms of price-quality ratio, and good prospects opened up for a similar production in Russia. The share of marriage in our country is small - 1.5%. I know one Austrian tuning company - Remus, we cooperate with it from time to time, so they have this percentage twice as much.

It should be noted here that the developments of domestic designers, in fact, are not protected in any way in terms of authorship and wander from company to company, and many inventions are blown away by the ubiquitous Chinese.

Daria Alekseeva:

Given the peculiarities of the Russian legal culture, patenting your own know-how is pointless. Whatever tuning you do - yachts, helicopters, cars, people go to other companies, create their own business and use virtually stolen technology. Once they make cosmetic changes to the project, you won’t prove anything in court.

In addition, it is difficult for specialists of Russian tuning companies to take into account all the nuances of the production of mass brands. Somehow, one of these studios in Moscow received an order for 50 sets of exhaust systems for a popular model now being produced in Ukraine. Daewoo Lanos. The exhaust specialists rented this model for four days and made a tuning exhaust system for it. The atelier manager described this process as follows: an engineer puts Lanos in a box, disassembles it, then stocks up on coffee, sandwiches and does not get out of the garage for three days, designing a system. The resulting author's product is produced in the status of an experimental batch, then small-scale production is established.

One way or another, the order - an exhaust system in the amount of 50 sets - was sent to Ukraine. But it turned out that the Moscow Lanos model did not have air conditioning, and when installing the system on a car, problems arise with it - the air conditioning pump interferes. As a result, I had to look for the owners of "unconditioned" Daewoo Lanos and offer products to them.

To practice external tuning- bumpers, anti-wings, thresholds, even own production areas are not needed. The intermediary business is quite profitable here.
Kirill Anashkin, general director of Avtointermediary+ LLC: We sell several body kits a month. We order body kits at the factory, then we give them for installation together with the car, try them on, paint and install (the color, of course, is selected at the request of the customer). That is, we are largely intermediaries: body kits are made according to our patterns (this is the know-how of the company), our function is to accept an order from a client and negotiate with subcontractors. The factories themselves are not engaged in the mass production of body kits, they are not interested in tuning as a business, dealer centers also do not always show interest in it (often due to the fact that they are bound by obligations towards manufacturers), so we are in demand. The cost of our services is about 20-25% of the body kit price, on average, a full body kit together with rear wings, bumpers, and a skirt costs $4,000 for the customer. labor organization is minimal.

If for products domestic auto industry a body kit made of "folk" fiberglass is also suitable, then in the case of foreign cars, expensive ABS plastic is usually used. And since most of the "skirt" business is underground, self-made fiberglass is often passed off as a branded product. At the same time, stores usually sell body kit elements with a 45-50 percent mark-up. As in many other business sectors, tuning firms, which initially established themselves as suppliers of quality parts and services, can lower the bar over time - for example, switch to using Chinese components of dubious quality.

internal division

Many experts segment tuning by types and brands of cars. So, AvtoVAZ products are usually distinguished into a separate segment.
Evgeny Savelyev: Why do many people buy products from the Russian car industry (sometimes for $600), and then do tuning? Or do they buy a G8 VAZ for $8,000, and then increase its cost as a result of tuning to $15,000? After all, for this amount they could well buy some Hyundai Accent or even something better.

The fact is that, as a rule, these people have money for a more serious car, they just want to remember their youth, drive, then crash the car somewhere in their gardens and make a photo shoot out of this adventure on the topic "How I spent summer".

Yuri Belozerov, manager of the Shcherbakov tuning shop:

We are engaged in tuning "VAZ", and we have two main categories of buyers. The first is the "kids" who were given their first car by their parents (usually the VAZ-2110 and its modifications, latest model"Kalina" is not in special demand) so that they smash it. Another category is those for whom tuning is a hobby. Tuning spare parts that are sold in our store, we, at the request of the client, install here, in the car center with our partners. About half of our spare parts are tuning, half are ordinary. The profitability of the business in terms of tuning is about 30%.

It is worth mentioning that the cheapest tuning parts for the VAZ model are produced in the Togliatti, Lipetsk and Moscow underground, they cost 20% less than those offered by the "white" tuning companies. For example, a bumper on a VAZ-2110 from a legal manufacturer costs 5.5-6 thousand rubles, and in the South Port you can buy an analogue for 4 thousand. However, most likely, it will be a bumper "licked" and not blown in the aerodynamic pipe.

SUV tuning

SUV tuning is also considered by most experts to be a separate industry.
Vladimir Aleksashin, Business Development Director at Trofi Garage:

A serial car for us is only an intermediate option, a raw material for production real car. We build SUVs - that's what real jeepers say when they remake their cars into monsters. Equipment for an SUV tuning shop costs the same as a set of equipment for a regular service.

At the start of the business, Vladimir and his partners invested about $40,000 in it. In particular, the lift cost $3,000, the leveling and strengthening of the floor for its installation was $2,000, and sets of professional keys and the necessary power tools were also purchased. The company rents a production area - 200 sq. m in the hangar.

Now in Moscow there are about 20 specialized studios tuning SUVs. Specialized clubs are also working on this field - "Club 4 x 4", "Nivovody", Off Road Wrangler Club, etc. As a rule, large services do not deal with such exclusive orders - there is too much non-standard work, each car needs an individual approach.

Most often remake "UAZ", 73rd and 80th Land cruiser, Wrangler, that is, "non-SUV". One of the most common operations is a suspension lift ($ 5-7 thousand), which makes it possible to install wheels of a larger diameter (thus increasing ground clearance). The expansion is also in demand. wheel arches, installation of all kinds of protection (steering rods, engine crankcase, transmission units, cardan shafts), installation of a snorkel to overcome water obstacles ($ 650-900), a roof rack for a spare wheel and things, power bumpers and thresholds. Full tuning assumes the presence of differentials with locks in bridges (from $ 1100), a pair electric winches(from $850), additional headlights and many other options, small and not so necessary for the driver and passengers on an extreme journey.

As a rule, only work on a serious SUV upgrade costs an average of $15-20 thousand (there is no upper bar - some people invest more than $100 thousand). Further maintenance is also not cheap: for example, the monthly maintenance of a tuned UAZ will cost about 40 thousand rubles, and most of this money goes to pay the tuners.

The turnover of an "off-road" tuning studio can reach several hundred thousand dollars a year (the total turnover of the metropolitan market for "jeep construction" is about $20 million), while there is no sharp competition in this market.

Vladimir Aleksashin:

All machines are custom built, only we know their features, so we serve the machines throughout their life, from construction to disposal, in fact, like family doctors. And even if the owner sells the car, it usually still remains on our service. The most difficult thing in our business is to earn trust, it takes time. Therefore, it is not easy even for an operating car service to enter our business from the street.