The engine is one of the most important components of any car. It is he who brings vehicle through a complex transmission mechanism. On most modern cars installed so-called thermal power units.

The principle of the engine

The principle of operation of the motor is quite simple. Under the pressure of burning gases in the cylinder, the piston moves down, thereby converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. Further through the crankshaft, mechanical energy is transmitted to the transmission and to the wheels.

The work of the power unit is associated with friction. Therefore, if there is friction, then there is wear. Despite the fact that modern technologies have been replenished with many discoveries over the past few years, no one has yet succeeded in completely overcoming friction.

Friction between parts is main reason engine failure. The resource of the engine itself depends on the load on the rubbing parts. The load depends, in most cases, on the mode of operation of the car and its power.

So, if the power unit is operated in extreme mode, then it will “live” no more than a few tens of thousands of kilometers, although its factory resource will be several hundred thousand. In another case, if the motor is operating in normal mode, it will surely leave its entire resource.

In addition to the mode of operation, its maintenance also affects the life of the engine. Timely maintenance, normal heating during the cold season, the use of high-quality spare parts and Supplies contributes to the normal operation of the power unit and its long-term operation.

Today, most cars are equipped with diesel and gasoline engines. At the same time, initially heavy fuel power unit has a much longer resource. This is due to the fact that in itself diesel engine less resourceful, traction in it is available almost from idling. This means that it does not need to be "twisted" to achieve the desired power. Yes, and the rubbing parts in the design of the motor are made of stronger alloys. This gives him a much longer resource compared to the gasoline counterpart.

Units Hyundai Solaris

Outcome

Of course, these engines are not perfect. They have their shortcomings and "childhood" diseases. For example, these may be oil leaks, floating engine speeds, vibration, or others. But all these diseases have long been identified and their causes are known, which are often quite banal. Usually these power units do not cause serious problems.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the material in brake pads for the Hyundai Solaris.

> Hyundai Solaris engine

Hyundai Solaris Engine

Engine (front view in the direction of vehicle movement): 1 - air conditioning compressor; 2 - thermostat cover; 3 - drive belt auxiliary units; 4 - coolant pump; 5 - generator; 6 - bracket for the right support of the power unit; 7 - cover of the gas distribution mechanism drive; 8 - cylinder head; 9 - valve of the system for changing the valve timing; 10 - oil filler cap; 11 - cylinder head cover; 12 - inlet pipeline; 13 - outlet pipe of the cooling system; 14 - throttle assembly control unit; 15 - cylinder block; 16 - low oil pressure indicator sensor; 17 - position sensor crankshaft; 18 - flywheel; 19 - oil pan; 20 - oil filter; 21 - cover of the oil pan.

Engine (rear view in the direction of vehicle movement): 1 - collector bracket; 2 - heat shield; 3 - flywheel; 4 - cylinder block; 5 - collector; 6 - tube for supplying coolant to the pump; 7 - tube for supplying coolant to the heater radiator; 8 - outlet pipe of the cooling system; 9 - eye; 10 - control oxygen concentration sensor; 11 - cylinder head cover; 12 - oil filler cap; 13 - cylinder head; 14 - auxiliary drive belt; 15 - power steering pump; 16 - mechanism for tensioning the drive belt of auxiliary units; 17 - oil pan.

power unit(view from the right in the direction of the car): 1 - cover of the oil pan; 2 - auxiliary drive pulley; 3 - mechanism for tensioning the drive belt of auxiliary units; 4 - collector; 5 - pulley of the power steering pump; 6 - cover of the gas distribution mechanism drive; 7 - cylinder head cover; 8 - guide roller of the auxiliary drive belt; 9 - oil filler cap; 10 - bracket for the right support of the power unit; 11 - eye; 12 - oil level indicator; 13 - inlet pipeline; 14 - generator; 15 - thermostat cover; 16 - coolant pump pulley; 17 - auxiliary drive belt; 18 - electromagnetic clutch of the air conditioner compressor; 19 - cylinder block; 20 - oil filter; 21 - oil pan.

Engine (view from the left in the direction of the car): 1 - flywheel; 2 - cylinder block; 3 - air conditioner compressor; 4 - thermostat cover; 5 - throttle assembly; 6 - inlet pipeline; 7 - oil level indicator; coolant pump inlet pipe; eight - fuel rail; 9 - cylinder head; 10 - outlet pipe of the cooling system; 11 - cylinder head cover; 12 - coolant temperature sensor; 13 - adsorber purge valve; 14 - hose for supplying coolant to the heating unit of the throttle assembly; 15 - tube for supplying coolant to the pump; 16 - collector; 17 - heat shield.

The design of the G4FA (1.4 l) and G4FC (1.6 l) engines is almost the same. The differences are related to the dimensions of the parts of the crank mechanism, since the piston strokes of the engines are different. The engine is gasoline, four-stroke, four-cylinder, in-line, sixteen-valve, with two camshafts. Located in engine compartment transversely. The order of operation of the cylinders: 1-3-4-2, counting - from the auxiliary drive pulley.
Power system - phased distributed fuel injection (Euro-4 toxicity standards).
An engine with a gearbox and clutch form a power unit - a single unit, fixed in the engine compartment on three elastic, rubber-metal bearings.
The right support is attached to the bracket attached to the right to the head and cylinder block, and the left and rear supports are attached to the brackets on the gearbox housing. On the right side of the engine (in the direction of vehicle movement) are located: a gas distribution mechanism drive (by a chain); drive of the coolant pump, generator, power steering pump and air conditioning compressor (poly V-belt). On the left are: the outlet pipe of the cooling system; coolant temperature sensor; canister purge valve. Front: intake manifold with throttle assembly, fuel rail with injectors, oil filter, oil gauge, alternator, starter motor, A/C compressor, thermostat, crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor, knock sensor, low oil pressure warning sensor, system valve changes in valve timing. Rear: collector, oxygen concentration control sensor, power steering pump. Above: coils and spark plugs. The cylinder block is cast from an aluminum alloy using the Open-Deck method with a single cylinder casting free-standing in the upper part of the block. In the lower part of the cylinder block there are crankshaft bearings - five beds of main shaft bearings with removable covers, which are attached to the block with special bolts. The holes in the cylinder block for the main bearings (liners) of the crankshaft are machined complete with covers, so the covers are not interchangeable. On the end surfaces of the middle (third) support there are slots for two thrust half rings that prevent axial movement of the crankshaft. The crankshaft is made of ductile iron, with five main and four connecting rod journals. The shaft is equipped with four counterweights, made on the continuation of the two extreme and two middle "cheeks". Counterweights are designed to balance the forces and moments of inertia arising from the movement of the crank mechanism during engine operation. Inserts of main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft are steel, thin-walled, with an anti-friction coating. The main and connecting rod journals of the crankshaft connect channels drilled in the body of the shaft, which serve to supply oil from the main to the connecting rod bearings of the shaft. At the front end (toe) of the crankshaft are installed: a timing gear (timing) sprocket, an oil pump gear and an auxiliary drive pulley, which is also a damper for torsional vibrations of the shaft. A flywheel is attached to the crankshaft flange with six bolts, which facilitates starting the engine, ensures that its pistons are brought out of dead spots and more uniform rotation of the crankshaft in the engine operating mode at Idling.
The flywheel is cast iron and has a pressed steel ring gear for starting the engine with a starter.
Connecting rods - forged steel, I-section. With their lower split heads, the connecting rods are connected through liners to the connecting rod journals of the crankshaft, and the upper heads are connected through piston pins to the pistons.
The connecting rod caps are attached to the connecting rod body with special bolts.
The pistons are made of aluminum alloy. Three grooves for piston rings are machined in the upper part of the piston. Top two piston rings- compression, and the lower one - oil scraper.
Compression rings prevent the breakthrough of gases from the cylinder into the crankcase and contribute to the removal of heat from the piston to the cylinder. Oil scraper ring removes excess oil from the cylinder walls as the piston moves. Piston pins steel, tubular section. In the holes of the pistons, the fingers are installed with a gap, and in the upper heads of the connecting rods - with an interference fit (pressed).

Cylinder head assembly (block head cover removed): 1 - intake camshaft; 2 - exhaust camshaft.

The cylinder head, cast from aluminum alloy, is common to all four cylinders. It is centered on the block with two bushings and fastened with ten bolts.
A non-shrink metal-reinforced gasket is installed between the block and the cylinder head.
On opposite sides of the cylinder head are the intake and exhaust ports. Spark plugs are installed in the center of each combustion chamber.
Two camshafts are installed at the top of the cylinder head. One shaft drives the intake valves of the gas distribution mechanism, and the other drives the exhaust valves. A design feature of the camshaft is that the cams are pressed onto the tubular shaft. The valves are actuated by camshaft lobes through cylindrical tappets.

Valve lifter.

Eight cams are made on each shaft - an adjacent pair of cams simultaneously controls two valves (inlet or outlet) of each cylinder. Supports (bearings) camshafts(five supports for each shaft) are made detachable. The holes in the supports are machined complete with covers. The front cover (on the timing drive side) of the bearings is common to both camshafts. The camshaft drive is a chain from the crankshaft sprocket. The hydromechanical tensioner automatically provides the required chain tension during operation. The valves in the cylinder head are arranged in two rows, in a V-shape, with two intake and two exhaust valves for each cylinder. Valves are steel, exhaust - with a plate made of heat-resistant steel and welded chamfer.
The intake valve has a larger diameter than the exhaust valve. Seats and valve guides are pressed into the cylinder head. On top of the valve guides put on valve stem seals made from oil resistant rubber. The valve closes under the action of a spring. Its lower end rests on a washer, and its upper end rests on a plate held by two crackers. The crackers folded together have the shape of a truncated cone, and on their inner surface there are beads that enter the grooves on the valve stem. Design feature the engine is the presence of a variable valve timing system (CVVT), i.e. changes in the moment of opening and closing the valves. The system ensures the installation of optimal valve timing for each moment of engine operation, in order to increase its power and dynamic characteristics, by changing the position of the intake camshaft. Manages the system the electronic unit engine control (ECU).

The solenoid valve for the phase change system is installed in the seat of the cylinder head.

The main elements of the CVVT system are the control solenoid valve, actuating mechanism camshaft position change and camshaft position sensor.

The intake camshaft position sensor 1 is mounted on the front wall of the cylinder head. The setting disk 2 of the sensor is located at the end of the camshaft.

The timing chain drives the system's actuator, which transmits rotation to the camshaft using hydromechanical coupling.

The actuator of the phase change system is installed on the toe of the intake camshaft and is aligned with the shaft drive sprocket.

From oil line engine oil under pressure is supplied through the channels to the cylinder head socket, in which the valve is installed, and then, through the channels in the head and camshaft, to the system actuator.

Solenoid valve of the phase change system.

By ECU commands, the spool device solenoid valve controls the supply of oil under pressure to the working cavity of the actuator or the draining of oil from it. Due to changes in oil pressure and hydromechanical action, mutual movement occurs individual elements actuator, and the camshaft rotates to the required angle, changing the valve timing. The spool of the solenoid valve and the elements of the actuator of the system are very sensitive to contamination. engine oil. When the phase change system fails, the inlet valves open and close in the maximum delay mode.
Engine lubrication - combined. Under pressure, oil is supplied to the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the “support - camshaft journal” pairs, the chain tensioner and the actuator of the variable valve timing system.
The pressure in the system creates an oil pump with internal gears and pressure reducing valve. The oil pump housing is attached to the timing cover from the inside. The drive gear of the pump is driven from the toe of the crankshaft. The pump takes oil from the oil pan through the oil receiver and delivers it through the oil filter to the main line of the cylinder block, from which the oil channels extend to the crankshaft main bearings. Oil is supplied to the connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft through channels made in the body of the shaft. A vertical channel departs from the main line for supplying oil to the camshaft bearings and channels in the cylinder head of the variable valve timing system.
Excess oil is drained from the cylinder head into the oil pan through special drainage channels. Oil filter- full-flow, non-separable, equipped with bypass and anti-drainage valves. Oil is sprayed onto pistons, cylinder walls and camshaft lobes. Engine crankcase ventilation system - forced, closed type. Depending on the engine operating modes (partial or full load, idling), crankcase gases from under the cylinder head cover enter the intake tract through the hoses of two circuits. In this case, the gases are cleaned of oil particles, passing through the oil separator located in the cylinder head cover.
When the engine is idling and at low load modes, when the vacuum in the intake manifold is high, crankcase gases are taken from the engine through the ventilation system valve located in the cylinder head cover, and are fed through the hose to the intake pipeline, into the space behind the throttle valve.

Place of installation of the valve of the ventilation system.

Depending on the vacuum in the intake manifold, the valve regulates the flow of crankcase gases entering the engine cylinders.
Engine management, power supply, cooling and exhaust systems are described in the relevant chapters.

In full load modes, when the vacuum in the intake manifold decreases, crankcase gases from under the cylinder head cover enter the engine cylinders through the cover fitting 1, connected by hose 2 to hose 3 for supplying air to the throttle assembly.

crankcase ventilation valve.

Hyundai solaris engine

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3.06.2017

The car that will be discussed in this article has gained considerable popularity in Russia. This model has been on sale since 2010, but during this time it managed to overtake some of the more famous competitors in terms of sales. Motorists who already own this car, and those who are just about to buy such a car, are often interested in Hyundai Solaris engines. Motors, being the most important characteristic machine, which almost always influences the decision to buy it, raises a lot of questions from that to engine life. Below we will talk about the line of Solaris power units, their characteristics, design, main features, advantages, disadvantages and other parameters.

Hyundai Solaris, 2017 model year

Main characteristics and features

Hyundai Solaris engines are a line of 1.4 and 1.6 liter units with MPI technology (ported injection), code designation 1.4-liter G4FA, 1.6-liter - G4FC / G4FG, they are all atmospheric, four-cylinder with variable valve timing on the intake shaft . There are two more units in this line - with direct injection of GDI with a volume of 1.6 and a VGT turbodiesel, but they are not sold in Russia.

Structurally, Solaris motors are quite simple. The classic MPI scheme does not provide for the presence of a fuel rail, high pressure pump and other expensive equipment that is sensitive to the quality of gasoline. This has a positive effect on fault tolerance and repair costs. These engines use an aluminum alloy cylinder block, which is both an advantage and a disadvantage.

On the one hand, the mass of the car is reduced, which has a positive effect on dynamic characteristics and fuel consumption, and on the other hand, the engine becomes unsuitable
for overhaul. The fact is that these units use the so-called "dry" cast-iron sleeves. They are extremely difficult to remove from the block, which makes boring difficult. In addition, boring is difficult due to the thin walls of the sleeve. Also, the manufacturer does not offer piston repair kits for repair dimensions which makes overhaul almost impossible.
In accordance with the latest trends, Solaris engines do not have hydraulic lifters. This means that once every 100,000 km it is necessary to adjust the valves.

Gamma series engines

The production of Gamma series motors began in 2007. They replaced the older Alpha and are installed on many cars from model range Kia/Hyundai such as Solaris, Rio, Elantra, Ceed and others. The units are assembled in China by Beijing Hyundai Motor Co.

The power plants have been significantly improved compared to their predecessors, which made it possible to improve the characteristics of dynamics, efficiency, fault tolerance, comfort and safety of the car, and made it possible to facilitate the use modern technologies such as stabilization systems, engine idle control, cruise control.

The main features of the Gamma series engines:

• Timing chain instead of belt. According to the manufacturer, it does not require maintenance during the entire declared engine life.
• The absence of a mechanism for hydraulic valve clearance compensators.
• Aluminum alloy cylinder block.
• Variable valve timing system on one shaft.
• Modified intake and exhaust manifolds.
• Changed location of some units.

Gamma series engine for Hyundai/Kia

The advantages of the Hyundai Solaris Gamma motors include: high power and dynamic qualities, low fuel consumption and noise level, no need to monitor the condition of the timing belt and replace it, the location of the unit, which affects passive safety auto, low sensitivity to fuel quality. The disadvantages are a low resource - 180,000 kilometers, low maintainability. Due to the impossibility of boring cylinders, engines are not subject to major repairs.

Engine Hyundai Solaris 1.6 liter has 4 cylinders and a 16-valve DOHC timing mechanism with a chain drive. Motor power Hyundai Solaris 1.6 makes 123 hp Structurally, the 1591 cm3 engine differs from its counterpart, the 1.4-liter Solaris engine, only in an increased piston stroke. That is, the crankshaft of the motors is different, although the pistons, valves, camshafts and other parts are the same.

Power unit 1.6 liters from the Gamma series replaced the Alpha series motors in 2010. The design of the old engines was based on a cast-iron block, a 16-valve mechanism with hydraulic compensators and a timing belt. The new Hyundai Solaris Gamma engines have an aluminum block, consisting of the block itself and a cast pastel for the crankshaft, see the photo below.

The new Hyundai Solaris engine does not have hydraulic lifters. Valve adjustment is usually carried out after 95,000 kilometers, or if necessary, with increased noise, from under valve cover. The procedure for adjusting the valves consists in replacing the pushers that stand between the valves and the camshaft cams. The process itself is not easy and expensive. The chain drive is very reliable if you monitor the oil level. But the manufacturer recommends replacing, after 180 thousand mileage, the chain, all tensioners and dampers. To this is usually added the replacement of sprockets, which is generally not cheap.

When buying a Solaris with high engine mileage, consider these facts. Extra noises and knocks from under the hood should seriously alert. After all, you, in which case, then sort out the engine. The Hyundai Solaris motor is assembled exclusively in China at the Beijing Hyundai Motor plant. So choose carefully new car so that later you would not have to adjust the valves under warranty by replacing the pushers.

The big disadvantage of the almost completely aluminum Hyundai Solaris 1.6 liter engine is oil consumption. If zhor has begun, do not be lazy to check the level more often and, if necessary, add oil. Oil starvation is fatal for this motor. Excessive noise is usually a sign that the oil level is low. You can't drive for that long. With poor engine care, even a major overhaul will not help. There is no such concept for this motor.

If you feel unstable work motor, this may cause the chain to stretch. To calm your soul, you can see if the marks on the crankshaft pulley and camshaft sprockets match. Photo next.

The timing marks of the Solaris 1.6 engine in the photo are top dead center for the first cylinder (TDC). We decided to replace the timing chain ourselves, then this image will be very useful to you.

The rather good power of the 1.6-liter engine, which is branded G4FC, is determined not only by the 16-valve mechanism with overhead camshafts (DOHC), but also by the presence of a variable valve timing system CVVT. True, the actuator of the system is only on the intake camshaft. Today there are more efficient engines Gamma 1.6, which have a phase change system on two shafts, plus direct fuel injection, but these engines are not supplied to Russia for the Hyundai Solaris. Further more detailed specifications solaris engine 1.6 liters.

Hyundai Solaris 1.6 engine, fuel consumption, dynamics

• Working volume - 1591 cm3
• Number of cylinders / valves - 4/16
• Cylinder diameter - 77 mm
• Stroke - 85.4 mm
• HP power – 123 at 6300 rpm
• Torque - 155 Nm at 4200 rpm
• Compression ratio - 11
• Timing Drive - Chain
• Maximum speed - 190 kilometers per hour (with automatic transmission 185 km / h)
• Acceleration to the first hundred - 10.3 seconds (with automatic transmission 11.2 seconds)
• Fuel consumption in the city - 7.6 liters (with automatic transmission 8.5 liters)
• Fuel consumption in the combined cycle - 5.9 liters (with automatic transmission 7.2 liters)
• Fuel consumption on the highway - 4.9 liters (with automatic transmission 6.4 liters)

It is worth noting that in the updated Hyundai Solaris 2015 with a 1.6 engine, only a 6-speed mechanical box gears, or a 6-band automatic. With a less voluminous 1.4-liter power unit, an outdated 5-speed manual and a 4-band automatic are combined. Judging by the numerous customer reviews Hyundai Solaris 1.6 real consumption more fuel, especially in urban mode, up to 10 liters. Although a lot depends on the driving style of each individual driver.

The South Korean product of the auto industry, which came as an alternative to Accent, is popular among motorists. The car is perfectly adapted to Russian conditions, but sometimes a problem arises with the repair of engines. What is the resource of the Hyundai Solaris engine, why can't it be repaired?

Rookie mistake

The degree of reliability of a car is determined by its equipment and the wear resistance of the motor. Beginners choose a car without paying special attention on such an indicator as the resource of the Hyundai Solaris engine, and in vain. It is necessary to pay attention to this factor because of the difference between the indicators declared by the manufacturer and the actual state of affairs.

The range of power units from this brand is characterized by diversity, but units with volumes of 1.4 and 1.6 liters received the greatest popularity in the sales segment.

How long does the motor last on a Solaris?

According to the assurances of the developers, the resource of the Hyundai Solaris engine is designed for 180,000 km. The driver manages to pass this segment of the road without serious malfunctions. With confident and careful use, the car can cover up to 300 thousand km. The power unit is equipped with an injection system, speaking in the Gamma line.

In numerous tests, this apparatus has demonstrated best qualities subject to a small percentage of wear. Non-standard solutions of engineers helped to improve the performance of the motor. This can be seen in the fused sleeves, built-in instead of pressed-in options. This approach increases the resource of the Hyundai Solaris engine, making it possible to travel without problems on any highway. An additional advantage is the oil cooling of the piston bottom.

The reasons for the wear resistance of the motor

One of the design findings was the introduction of the DOCH gas distribution system into the mechanism. Thanks to special tensioners, chain slippage is excluded even at its maximum stretch. The service life of this part is equal to the service life of the motor. This explains the long-term successful operation of the engine.

Features of engines on Solaris

In the versions of recent years, in particular, on the 2018 Hyundai Solaris, 1.4 engines are installed in the basic format and 1.6 liters on the top versions with a capacity of 100 and 123 hp. With. Increased dynamism is complemented by a good resource of the power unit: a good level of reliability up to 180,000 km. Depending on the conditions and driving style, this figure can decrease or increase. This figure is guaranteed by the manufacturer himself, placing it in the instructions for the car. What are the features of these motors?

1. Ease of maintenance, comfortable access to the structure is provided due to the location of the collector on the front and rear surfaces of the unit.
2. Satisfactory power parameters are dictated by the cooling system, which does not allow overheating.
3. The aluminum alloy used in the creation of the cylinder block contributes to increased wear resistance of parts.

Do problems happen?

Car owners are faced with the fact that they often have to talk about overhaul motors. This is not happy at all, and it's all about engineering flaws, although they are making a lot of efforts to correct the situation. Repairs cost a lot. After all, the price of the Hyundai Solaris engine is approximately 50 thousand rubles.

The main culprit for this state of affairs is rapid wear aluminum pistons and cylinder walls. In this regard, on new devices, designers use pressing methods cast iron sleeves, chemical methods of processing aluminum surfaces with nickel or silicon carbide.

The problem of holding repair work is as follows. The auto concern did not provide for repairs and does not produce the corresponding auto parts, rings, pistons. The sleeve is hidden in an aluminum block so much that boring is simply unrealistic.

Theoretically, replacing the sleeves is possible, but not every car service undertakes to carry it out. The only solution is the aggregate replacement of the Hyundai Solaris engine, which is recommended to be entrusted to professionals. As a result, a major repair cannot be avoided by all owners of this brand.

Such a nuance is not a reason to abandon the vending vehicles. You just need to follow some rules during operation.

• The installation of Hyundai Solaris engine protection in the form of crankcase protection will help increase the resource of the power device. Shields that protect the motor from pebbles and moisture are purchased for a specific car.
• It is more profitable to refuel at gas stations with a well-established positive reputation as an honest dealer of petroleum products. Fuel must be certified. Fuel quality determines by 50% how long a car engine will last.
• Lubricants must also have quality certificates. Experts advise using oil recommended by the automaker itself. In this case, there is a chance to avoid imminent difficulties on the roads.
• Overloading a vehicle adversely affects the resource. Constant heavy loads, the desire of the motorist for a sporty driving style lead the unit to a deplorable state. The deterioration of the elements of the assembly provokes premature contact with the auto repair shop.

Summing up the above, it is worth noting that the correct solution to troubleshoot problems is a warning. Do this for every driver. timely Maintenance, frequent diagnostics, even when everything is fine, will not be superfluous. Usually, subject to the manufacturer's regulations, frequent inspections by professionals, the motor resource increases significantly, reaching a mark of 300 thousand kilometers.