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When a novice driver chooses his first car, all his friends, colleagues, “fellow soldiers” from the fitness club, neighbors and all the surrounding dogs in the yard know about it. The choice of the first car is a truly grandiose event! When the stage “I want to buy a new car on credit” passed, the realization came about the profitability of buying and maintaining a used car, the second part of the universal torment comes: which first car is better for a novice driver to buy.

Not everyone is lucky to “wear out” the car for dad or brother, and in this case you have to dive into the abyss of studying the choice and operation of the car, your head is spinning, new knowledge does not fit into a coherent and understandable series. The Autocode service decided to conduct a study on its own and issue a brief summary of how to choose the first car. But the answer to the question "how" seemed to us not enough. Now we answer the question of which car to choose for a beginner.

There are cars that do not go out of fashion over the years. Decades pass, one generation after another, but most reasonable novice drivers choose:

• Ford Focus;
• Mitsubishi Lancer;
• Toyota Corolla;
• Toyota Camry.

These cars are among the top most bought over the past ten years. And there is a reasonable explanation for this. Firstly, they are reliable - each of the presented cars is able to drive for 10 or more years, “wind” more than one hundred kilometers with proper maintenance, and this parameter should be put at the forefront of every beginner when choosing the first car.

Secondly, they are simple and straightforward to operate: there are no complex features in their design, such as unusually located candles (hello Subaru manufacturers!) or maintenance-free transmissions (hello Volkswagen!). All the "sores" of these best cars for beginners have long been studied and known to every auto mechanic.

Thirdly, each of the listed cars is universal. If all young racers who are in love with Ken Block and watched Fast and Furious dream of the Focus and Lancer, then the Corolla and Camry are a symbol of a strong family measured life, which is shown to us in American TV shows. However, as in Focus, it is perfectly located Baby chair, so in the Camry you can easily give a corner on an icy road.

Most popular used cars

Over the past 9 months since the beginning of 2017 in our country, the top ten best-selling used cars have included:

• Hyundai Solaris;
• Renault Logan;
• KIA Rio;
• Daewoo Nexia;
• Opel Astra;
• Volkswagen Passat.

Logan, Solaris and its "brother" Rio turned out to be the most popular not by chance: cars bought new 3-5 years ago served their time: wiped off all their protruding parts, began to break down more often than bring pleasure and benefit, but are still suitable for sale with high-quality dry cleaning. What is bought cheaply will lead the rankings of the best-selling used cars after 3-5 years of use - this is the law automotive market. And besides the price, there is nothing attractive in these cars (except that the Logan has a well-tuned suspension).

"Nexia" is dangerous on secondary market, because many fleets purchased this particular model for use as a taxi. Be carefull!

"Astra" and "Passat" can boast high quality assembly, the reliability of both the car and its passengers - these are the "Germans", and who better than them knows a lot about cars. If the funds allow you to buy a German automaker, then there is no doubt - it will be difficult for a beginner to find a better option.

"Vedra" and domestic cars

There is nothing more classic than buying a cheap car "bucket" as your first car. As a rule, such a choice is made by young guys - beginners, acquiring trash for 50-70 thousand rubles. Rarely killed Russian cars drive for more than a year with one owner: three hundred accidents occur in 365 days, because “it’s not a pity” and “you have to learn from something.” Most likely, novice owners of such cars rarely visit certified auto centers, repair either in the yard or in the garage of the “bros”. If you have ever personally witnessed typical advice on what to buy the first car for a guy, then most likely the newcomer acquired:

• LADA Samara;
• LADA Classic;
• LADA 110;
• LADA Priora;
• LADA Granta;
• "Oku";
• GAZ 3110.

No kidding, these are the most bought used Russian cars in our market.

Argumentation in the spirit of "what's the difference, I'll break it anyway" has a place to be, but every day I see guys who do not jump off the roof or jump into the Neva from the bridge, although "they will die someday anyway." Breathing cars are bad not with roar, rust and lack of comfort, they are dangerous because they can break down at the most inopportune moment, they are unreliable and doubtful.

Any Russian car (even a new one) is for extreme sports, for those who like to spend time in the garage, digging under the hood, carrying spare parts in the trunk for all occasions. A well-worn Russian car as the first car is for constructor lovers.

Car for a newbie woman

The question of what first car to buy for a girl is so difficult that we put the answer to it in a separate paragraph. Because the first car for a novice woman should be comfortable, beautiful, so that bags fit, so that a child seat can be fixed, so that it is reliable, easy to drive and preferably still red. But seriously, a woman approaches the choice of a car more rationally than a man. Especially when it comes to a car for a novice girl behind the wheel.

The first car should be easy to drive. This means that all models of the MINI, so beloved by all women, disappear - managing fashionable and stylish "kids" requires utmost care and concentration - the steering wheel reacts too sharply to any fluctuation.

The first car for a novice female driver should not be large so that parking takes less time and leaves fewer victims. Therefore, from powerful frame SUVs as the first car for women, we will refuse. Husband, children, girlfriends, packages from boutiques, Auchan, Lenta and little things from Ikea should fit in the car. We are sorry, but "Matiz" and "Smart" are no longer suitable.

The driver's cockpit must be designed to accommodate hundreds of women's items, from hair ties and hairpins to sunglasses, bottles of water and baby food. It is ideal if additional electronic assistants(systems emergency braking, ABS, parking sensors, blind spot monitoring, etc.). Attractive and bright design will not be superfluous.

Taking into account all the above points, we determined which car to buy for a newbie woman:

• Skoda Fabia;
• Peugeot 308;
• Fiat 500;
• KIA Picanto;
• Toyota Auris;
• Nissan Qashqai;
• Volkswagen Golf;
• VW Beetle.

Having chosen a car to your liking, do not forget to check its history using the Autocode service. Do not buy a pig in a poke, protect yourself, buy an honest and reliable car.

Kira Kaddaha, representative of the company for the selection of carsAuto Spot:

“What brands of car are suitable for a beginner and why? A novice driver can safely look at KIA cars. For example, Rio, Cerato. Korean cars have successfully proven themselves, are famous for quality, reliability and safety. These models are created taking into account the peculiarities of operation in Russia. They are covered by a long-term warranty - 5 years or 150,000 km.

Also, a beginner can safely opt for Korean manufacturer Hyundai and purchase Hyundai Solaris. Solaris has all the necessary security systems and is a convenient and economical machine to operate. Already the basic version of Active includes two airbags, ESP, tire pressure sensors, audio preparation, as well as ERU-GLONASS.

Novice drivers should wait a little with the acquisition vehicle with an engine capacity of more than 150 hp. With. powerful car in the hands of a beginner, this is a dangerous toy that can lead to serious accidents. Cars like Nissan GT-R, Chevrolet Corvette, must drive only experienced driver who realizes that he has a whole “herd” of horses under his hood, and the use of all the possibilities of such a car in the city can lead to a serious accident with victims.

The car and its role in human life - the history of vehicles is rooted in the distant past, when a person tamed a horse, realizing what was on it

He can travel long distances. The thirst for knowledge of the world, the desire to see the unknown distances forced people to look for ways and means to move around the Earth faster. Horses, camels, mules, oxen have served people as a vehicle for thousands of years. The end of the 19th century gave people a car, and for more than a hundred years this vehicle has not lost its popularity, but, on the contrary, is in even greater demand among the townsfolk. Undoubtedly, a personal car provides many advantages: independence from public transport, from the schedule of electric trains, trains, flights. Traveling long distances saves money - 5 people ride in a car for the cost of fuel. For example, for 1000 kilometers you need to spend gasoline for 3200 rubles, and on the train for 5 you have to pay 10-12 thousand. There is an economic benefit of operating a car, provided that it is not an old wreck that requires constant repair, but reliable and strong.

But consider other aspects of the use of vehicles. Most negative consequence its exploitation is the death of people. Every day people die on the roads in car accidents, the statistics are simply amazing by the scale of human casualties. Despite tightening laws and regulations, the number of accidents with human casualties is not decreasing. Unfortunately, every day the scrolling line of the TV screen mercilessly reports new victims of car accidents. This is one of the most negative aspects of using cars.

In recent years, we have become witnesses and, in part, participants in various natural disasters: hurricanes, tornadoes, storms and tsunamis, unprecedented frosts and merciless heat. Climate scientists have already concluded that the "greenhouse effect" plays a role in climate change. Of course, in its creation a significant role belongs to cars that produce exhaust gases. Residents of megacities feel the negative impact of these emissions: chronic fatigue, headaches, asthma - this is an incomplete list of common diseases of city dwellers. Another scourge that hits the health of motorists is physical inactivity, which has engulfed the modern population from 18 to 70 years old. How many young men aged 30-35 have to be seen, with difficulty getting out of cars, breathing heavily, with their bellies protruding forward, with swollen faces. Often this is the result of a sedentary lifestyle, many hours of sitting behind the wheel. For many, the passenger car has become the most important object of attention, the meaning of life.

The car and its role in human life has become very significant. The automobile industry has embraced all segments of the population of our country, from the low-income to the super-rich. If the former are ready to purchase a pile of scrap metal for a bargain price at car flea markets, then the latter seek out latest models luxury foreign cars at car dealerships. Every day you can observe an endless stream of cars on the streets of cities and towns, constant traffic jams and congestion. The inhabitants of Russia, as they say, seized upon cars, as the natives once did upon shiny knick-knacks. The consequence of this is “rejuvenated” sciatica, osteochondrosis, ischemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus and other equally terrible diseases. It is understandable to travel by personal car on a long journey, to visit relatives, to the country house, but to drive to work on a neighboring street or to a store located around the corner is nonsense. It is all the more pointless to travel every day in a big city, where there is a subway and a huge amount of public transport. Yes, a car is an undeniable achievement of scientific and technological progress, but it needs to be used more intelligently!

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Ministry of Education and Science

Municipal educational budgetary institution

"Lyceum No. 7"

Educational research work

Value acarI amIn human life

Completed: Zhuchkov Efim, 07/10/2001

4th class student

MOBU "Lyceum №7"

Scientific adviser:

primary school teacher

MOBU "Lyceum №7"

Yashchuk Elena Ivanovna

G.Minusinsk, 2012

Introduction

1. The history of the creation of the car

1.1 Beginning

1.2 Henry Ford era

1.3 The emergence and production of the car in Russia

3. The role and importance of the car in human life

2. The impact of the car on the environment and human health

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

"A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation."

Henry Ford

Human society, solving the problems of its rapid development, owes much to the car. Cars have firmly taken their place in human life. They have become so familiar that the dangers associated with their use are involuntarily forgotten. Like any achievement of progress, the car also harms the environment. However, the car is at the same time a tireless assistant, if a person thinks through all the moments of communication with him, follows the rules of operation and safety. And I set out to find out:

When did the first car appear? Who created it?

How much does the car affect the environment?

What is the role of the car in human life?

Targetbresearch work: explore the importance of the car in human life.

To achieve these goals, the following tasks were set: car ford appearance

1. Study the history of the car.

2. Determine the impact of the car on the environment and human health.

3. Reveal the role and importance of the car in human life.

Research hypothesis: having collected information about the history and reasons for the creation of the car, I will find out whether its invention is really necessary for mankind.

Object of study: information sources.

Subject of study: photographs, newspaper articles, encyclopedic and Internet sources.

Research methods: theoretical, comparison and analysis.

1. The history of the creation of the car

1.1 Start

For many years, people dreamed of flying carpets and walking boots. These dreams were embodied in fairy tales. And in real life I had to work hard to feed myself and my loved ones. It took long months to overcome the distances between cities, the construction of buildings went on for years, because there were too few of the own physical forces of man and the forces of animals.

This went on for thousands of years, until man began to create machines capable of working hard, doing hard work and remaining obedient to the will of man. So there were wagons, carriages.

In the carriages, people strived for comfort, improving everything more and more. The desire of people to increase speed accelerated the change of events in the history of transport development. From the Greek "autos" - "self" and the Latin "mobilis" obilis - "mobile" in European languages, the adjective "self-propelled", literally "auto - mobile" has developed.

In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci designed a hand-operated carriage.

Russian self-taught mechanic peasant Leonty Shamshurenkov created a "self-running carriage", which was set in motion by the power of two people. In 1784-1791, the Russian inventor Kulibin worked on a "self-running scooter".

In his "scooter" such elements of the car as a gearbox, steering gear, brakes were used for the first time.

In the 18th-19th centuries, steam power began to be used as a driving force for carriages. In 1769, the French inventor Nicolo - Joseph Cugnot made a "steam cart" that moved at a speed of 3.6 km / h.

The next source of crew movement was electricity. The first electric carriage was built in 1837 by the Englishman Robert Davidson. Such a crew moved at a speed of 3 km / h due to the energy from the batteries installed on the vehicle.

But it is precisely 1885-1886 that is considered to be the year of the creation of the car, and its inventors were German engineers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. First car with gasoline engine was made by Benz and had 3 wheels, weighed 230 kg and could reach speeds of up to 16 km / h.

The term "car" was established in the world after 1894, when the first international motor racing took place in France. Prior to this, the most commonly used phrase was “vouurotomobile”, that is, “self-propelled cart”

1.2 Henry Ford era

There is one legend, according to which, for the first time, the idea of ​​​​creating a vehicle that would be safe and did not require the use of animal power came to the mind of a young American when, while working on a farm, he fell off his horse and hurt himself badly. That unfortunate rider was Henry Ford.

By that time, cars were already being produced in America and Europe, but they were very expensive and accessible to few. And Henry Ford believed that "the car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation." Together with his faithful friends, having collected 28 thousand dollars, he organized the world's first in-line production of cheap and public cars.

1.3 Appearanceand productioncarI amin Russia

Serial production of cars in Tsarist Russia was established in 1908 at the Riga Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. Almost all parts of cars were made by hand, but it was possible to establish quite good production volumes: in 7 years, about 500 cars were produced, among which were truck models.

AMO - F15 (truck) and NAMI-1 are the first Soviet-made cars, they were produced from 1924 to 1930 in Moscow. Already at the end of the 30s, the volume of car production increased sharply and reached 200 thousand units per year. These cars played an important role in the national economy. The importance has risen sharply domestic auto industry during the Great Patriotic War. During the war years, cars transported about 150 million tons of military cargo.

The main centers of car production were: Moscow, Gorky, Zaporozhye, Izhevsk, Tolyatti, Ulyanovsk.

The Soviet automotive industry has achieved a certain diversity - more than 30 basic models were produced, some of which are produced to this day.

And in Krasnoyarsk, the appearance of the first car was officially registered with the police department in 1909. Its owner, Stepan Ivanovich Zubov, decided to work as a taxi driver and take passengers along Voskresenskaya Street (now Prospekt Mira) to the railway station. Zubov's taxi could accommodate four passengers. From the Old Bazaar to the railway station, the car made 15 trips a day. However, the very first car in Krasnoyarsk appeared even earlier - in 1895. Its owner was a well-known at that time merchant of the first Guild of Fortune Tellers. The third lucky person who bought a car in 1910 was the merchant of the third guild Danilov.

2. The impact of the car on the environment and healthhuman

Having become a faithful and reliable assistant, the car at the same time harms both the environment and human health. Absorbing oxygen, which is so necessary for life, it intensively “enriches” the air environment with toxic components that harm all living and non-living things. Due to the large number of cars in the city "suffocate" in traffic jams, the number of traffic accidents in which equipment suffers, people die is increasing.

Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide emitted from the muffler of a car are the causes of headaches, fatigue, unmotivated irritation, low working capacity. Sulfur dioxide affects the genetic apparatus, contributing to infertility and congenital deformities. All these factors lead to stress, nervous manifestations, the desire for solitude, indifference to the closest people. In large cities, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory organs, heart attacks, hypertension and neoplasms are widespread.

The car adds heavy metals and other harmful substances to the soil and air. Toxic substances disrupt the growth of plants, contributing to reduced yields, the gradual death of trees, and lead to losses in animal husbandry.

The number of cars is constantly growing. By the beginning of 2012, there will be 1 million cars in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In order for people to get sick less and children to be born healthy, environmentalists propose to take a number of measures, including large-scale planting of greenery in the city, as well as the mandatory installation of filters in exhaust systems cars. To solve the problems of traffic jams, a lot of money is being invested in the construction of roads, bypass roads, and new bridges. A significant reduction in environmental pollution and gasoline savings are achieved by replacing traditional types of petroleum fuel - gas.

3. The role and importance of the car in lifehuman

In addition to those undeniable amenities that a car creates in a person's life, obviously the social significance of the mass use of private cars: the speed of communication increases when traveling; the number of full-time drivers is reduced; the delivery of the urban population to places of mass recreation, to work, etc. is facilitated. The 21st century, no doubt, has gone down in history as the century of the automobile. At the beginning of the century, at the dawn of the automobile era, the slogan appeared "Automobile is not a luxury, but a means of transportation”, now this slogan has become a reality. Modern passenger transport provides transportation of people, their hand luggage and luggage. For passengers, the use of transport is primarily associated with saving time and effort spent on movement. Automobile transport as one of the types land transport received the greatest distribution and occupies a leading position in the transportation of passengers, goods, goods over various distances.

Conclusion

In the course of my research work, I conducted a sociological survey on the number and use of private cars in the families of students

4 in class. Below is a table of survey results.

As a result, I concluded that the car has become an integral part of life for most people, many cannot imagine life without a car. People are so accustomed to cars that they sometimes treat them like living beings. And, perhaps, it is very difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without such a tireless assistant as a car!

Bibliography

1. Automobiles of the world Series: The most beautiful and famous, Publisher: Avanta +, 2004

2. Autoencyclopedia Yuri Geiko, Autoencyclopedia Publisher: Prestige Kniga, Ripol Classic, 2006

3. Larry Edsall Legendary cars. Cars that made history from their invention to the 21st century

4. Internet sources: www.wikipedia.ru,

Hosted on Allbest.ru

...

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MBOU "Secondary School No. 1", Shelekhov, el. address: golubeva. *****@***en

"A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation."

Henry Ford

INTRODUCTION

Human society, solving the problems of its rapid development, owes much to the car. Cars have firmly taken their place in human life. They have become so familiar that the dangers associated with their use are involuntarily forgotten. Like any achievement of progress, the car also harms the environment. However, the car is at the same time a tireless assistant, if a person thinks through all the moments of communication with him, follows the rules of operation and safety. And I set out to find out:

When did the first car appear? Who created it?

How much does the car affect the environment?

What is the role of the car in human life?

Revealing the importance of the car in the lives of my classmates.

To achieve these goals, the following tasks were set:

1. Study the history of the car.

2. Determine the impact of the car on the environment and human health.

3. Reveal the role and importance of the car in the life of classmates.

Research hypothesis: having collected information about the history and reasons for the creation of the car, I will find out whether its invention is really necessary for mankind.

Object of study: information sources.

Subject of study: photographs, newspaper articles, encyclopedic and Internet sources.

Research methods: theoretical, comparison and analysis.

1. The history of the creation of the car

1.1. The first cars in the world.

For many years, people dreamed of flying carpets and walking boots. These dreams were embodied in fairy tales. But in real life, it was necessary to work to feed yourself and your loved ones. It took long months to overcome the distances between cities, the construction of buildings went on for years, because there were too few of the own physical forces of man and the forces of animals.

This went on for thousands of years, until man began to create machines capable of working hard, doing hard work and remaining obedient to the will of man. So there were wagons, carriages.

In the carriages, people strived for comfort, improving everything more and more. The desire of people to increase speed accelerated the change of events in the history of transport development. From the Greek "autos" - "self" and the Latin "mobilis" obilis - "mobile" in European languages, the adjective self-propelled, literally "auto - mobile" has developed.

In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci designed a hand-operated carriage.

Russian mechanic - self-taught peasant Leonty Shamshurenkov created a "self-running carriage", which was set in motion by the power of two people. In 1 years, the Russian inventor Kulibin worked on a "self-running scooter".

In his "scooter" such elements of the car as a gearbox, steering gear, brakes were used for the first time.

In the 18th-19th centuries, steam power began to be used as a driving force for carriages. In 1769, the French inventor Nicolo - Joseph Cugnot made a "steam cart" that moved at a speed of 3.6 km / h.

The next source of crew movement was electricity. The first electric carriage was built in 1837 by the Englishman Robert Davidson. Such a crew moved at a speed of 3 km / h due to the energy from the batteries installed on the vehicle.

But it is the years that are considered to be the year the car was created, and its inventors were German engineers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. The first car with a gasoline engine was made by Benz and had 3 wheels, weighed 230 kg and could reach speeds of up to 16 km / h.

The term "car" was established in the world after 1894, when the first international motor racing took place in France. Prior to this, the most commonly used phrase was “vouurotomobile”, that is, “self-propelled cart”

1.2 Henry Ford era

There is one legend, according to which, for the first time, the idea of ​​​​creating a vehicle that would be safe and did not require the use of animal power came to the mind of a young American when, while working on a farm, he fell off his horse and hurt himself badly. That unfortunate rider was Henry Ford.

By that time, cars were already being produced in America and Europe, but they were very expensive and accessible to few. And Henry Ford believed that "the car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation." Together with his loyal friends, having collected 28 thousand dollars, he organized the first in the world mass production cheap and public cars.

The number of cars is constantly growing. By the beginning of 2012, according to the official website traffic police, v Irkutsk region there are cars.

Every summer, management specialists environmental protection and environmental safety The administration of the city of Irkutsk, together with the traffic police and Rospotrebnadzor, conduct raids to control the toxicity and smoke of exhaust gases from cars. In 2011, from May to October, 34 such raids were carried out, 1319 vehicles were checked.

The main tasks set by the administration of Irkutsk to improve the environmental situation in the region include the development of the road network, the transfer of municipal enterprises to gas, greening the streets, the use of environmentally friendly reagents in the fight against icing, the replacement of small-capacity buses with buses of medium and large capacity, equipping places of sludge for passenger vehicles with heating devices in winter. According to the press service of the city administration

In order for people to get sick less and children to be born healthy, environmentalists propose a number of measures, including large-scale planting of greenery in the city, as well as the mandatory installation of filters in the exhaust systems of cars. To solve the problems of traffic jams, a lot of money is being invested in the construction of roads, bypass roads, and new bridges. Significant reduction environmental pollution and gasoline savings are achieved by replacing traditional types of oil fuel - gas.

2.2. The role and importance of the car in the life of 3rd grade students.

In addition to the undeniable conveniences that a passenger car creates in a person's life, the social significance of the mass use of private cars is obvious: the speed of communication increases when traveling; the number of full-time drivers is reduced; the delivery of the urban population to places of mass recreation, to work, etc. is facilitated. The 21st century, no doubt, has gone down in history as the century of the automobile. At the beginning of the century, at the dawn of the automobile era, the slogan appeared "Automobile is not a luxury, but a means of transportation”, now this slogan has become a reality. Modern passenger transport provides transportation of people, their hand luggage and luggage. For passengers, the use of transport is primarily associated with saving time and effort spent on movement. Road transport, as one of the types of land transport, has become the most widespread and occupies a leading position in the transportation of passengers, goods, and goods over various distances.

In the course of my research work, I conducted a sociological survey on the number and use of personal cars in the families of 3rd grade students. Below is a table of survey results.

Number of respondents
Have one car
Have da car
Use car every day
Use the car seasonally
Rarely use car
Do you need a car for your business?
Is using a car harmful to the environment? Which?

Conclusion.

As a result, I concluded that the car has become an integral part of life for most people, many cannot imagine life without a car. People are so accustomed to cars that they sometimes treat them like living beings. And, perhaps, it is very difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without such a tireless assistant as a car!

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Automobiles of the world Series: The most beautiful and famous, Publisher: Avanta +, 2004

2., Autoencyclopedia Publishers: Prestige Book, Ripol Classic, 2006

3. Larry Edsall Legendary cars. Cars that made history from their invention to the 21st century

4. Internet sources: www. *****,