The motor plus the pedal, and the result was a relatively fast and affordable vehicle.

Motorbike B-901

Today, young people dissect on scooters - and in the days of the USSR, mopeds performed their role. They cost much cheaper than even an overwhelmed motorcycle - from 100 rubles, it was not necessary to store a moped in the garage - they, like bicycles, were quietly kept in an apartment. Those who did not have mopeds often helped their happy owners to repair the vehicle - suddenly they would let them ride with the breeze.

Motorbike B-902

The first Soviet motorbike mass-produced. These beauties were produced back in the 50s at the Kharkov Bicycle Plant. Such mopeds had a low frame and a reinforced fork, 26-inch wheels, a steering wheel with extended handles, a trunk with a clamp and a D-4 engine (“hole”, as it was called). They weighed 27 kg.

Motorbike MB-042 "Lvovyanka"

Such models have been made at the Lviv Automobile Plant since 1960. They could accelerate up to 40 km / h (power - one horsepower), had a front fork with spring shock absorbers that swiveled left and right, and a welded tubular frame with two upper tubes. The stiffness of the shock absorbers could be adjusted by screwing and unscrewing the nuts. Motor D-4, rigid rear wheel suspension.

Lviv mopeds MV-044, MP-043

Model 1982. The most compact moped produced by this plant: it could not only be stored on a balcony, but also carried in a car trunk. True, he weighed more than decently - 50 kg. The wheels were like those of a motor scooter - small and plump; the steering wheel and seat could be lowered.

Moped MP-048, aka "Verkhovyna-3"

They almost did not differ from each other. The light moped MV-044 was equipped with a D-5 engine, had a power of 1.2 horsepower. On the MP-043 moped there was a more powerful engine - Sh-51; power - 2 horsepower.

Spiriditis moped

A new model of the same car factory has been produced since 1963. This device, although it was called a motorbike, actually had all the advantages of a moped: it had a telescopic front fork, a rear spring suspension, and a stamped frame. And the motor, of course. Later models were even equipped with as many as two shock absorbers.
Single-cylinder two-stroke engine, volume 45 cm3, power - 1.2 horsepower. This pleasure weighed 30 kg, and the speed developed up to 40 km / h.

Bicycle "Riga-1" with a motor

These experimental models began to be produced in 1958 at the Sarkana Zvaigzne motorcycle plant in Riga, created on the basis of a nationalized bicycle factory. The 60 cm3 motor, created under license from the Czech plant Jawa, did not save the situation - the model was unsuccessful. It was then that the designers of the Riga plant were sent to the Czech Republic to learn from the experience of Jawa employees. As a result, the Riga-1 moped was created: a telescopic front fork, a rear spring suspension, a 50 cc block motor manufactured at the Jawa factory (although later the motors for these mopeds began to be produced in Lithuania).

Light moped "Riga-2 Gauja"

At about the same time, these bicycles began to be equipped with d-4 motors with a volume of 45 cm3. After equipping - and it happened in Leningrad, at the Krasny Oktyabr plant - tuned, as they would say now, bicycles acquired a power of 1.2 horsepower.

Moped "Riga-4"

A 45cc motor, a tubular front frame, a spring-loaded front fork - and a headlight that is powered by a generator and allows you to ride in the dark. These models were produced from 1961 to 1963.

Moped "Riga-5"

Went on sale in 1970. The engine of this moped had a tricky volume - 49.9 cm3; this meant that such a moped did not need to be registered with the traffic police and it was not necessary to have a motorcycle driving license to ride it. Power - as much as two horsepower. The model was equipped with wheel guards and 16- inch wheels Before mopeds had wheels 19 inches in diameter.

Moped "Riga-11"

Produced from 1966 to 1971. It was extremely simple to manage, but the dynamics, compared to previous models, left much to be desired. Instead of a telescopic fork, compressible springs were fitted to the front wheel for shock absorption. The engine was started by pedaling.

Moped "Riga-12"

He had only one speed, but the wheels were amazingly powerful, and a rear position lamp and a headlight could be connected to the D-6 engine. Alas, the frames of such models did not differ in strength, and they themselves were very heavy.

Today, young people dissect on scooters - and in the days of the USSR, mopeds performed their role. They cost much cheaper than even an overwhelmed motorcycle - from 100 rubles, it was not necessary to store a moped in the garage - they, like bicycles, were quietly kept in an apartment. Those who did not have mopeds often helped their happy owners to repair the vehicle - suddenly they would let them ride with the breeze.

Motorbike B-901

The first Soviet motorbike mass-produced. These beauties were produced back in the 50s at the Kharkov Bicycle Plant. Such mopeds had a low frame and a reinforced fork, 26-inch wheels, a steering wheel with extended handles, a trunk with a clamp and a D-4 engine (“hole”, as it was called). They weighed 27 kg

Motorbike B-902

Such models have been made at the Lviv Automobile Plant since 1960. They could accelerate up to 40 km / h (power - one horsepower), had a front fork with spring shock absorbers that swiveled left and right, and a welded tubular frame with two upper tubes. The stiffness of the shock absorbers could be adjusted by screwing and unscrewing the nuts. Motor D-4, rigid rear wheel suspension.

Motorbike MB-042 "Lvovyanka"

A new model of the same car factory has been produced since 1963. This device, although it was called a motorbike, actually had all the advantages of a moped: it had a telescopic front fork, a rear spring suspension, and a stamped frame. And the motor, of course. Later models were even equipped with as many as two shock absorbers.

Single-cylinder two-stroke engine, volume 45 cm3, power - 1.2 horsepower. This pleasure weighed 30 kg, and the speed developed up to 40 km / h.

Spiriditis moped

These experimental models began to be produced in 1958 at the Sarkana Zvaigzne motorcycle plant in Riga, created on the basis of a nationalized bicycle factory. The 60 cm3 motor, created under license from the Czech plant Jawa, did not save the situation - the model was unsuccessful. It was then that the designers of the Riga plant were sent to the Czech Republic - to learn from the experience of Jawa employees. As a result, the Riga-1 moped was created: a telescopic front fork, a rear spring suspension, a 50 cc block motor manufactured at the Jawa factory (although later the motors for these mopeds began to be produced in Lithuania).

Bicycle "Riga-16" with a motor

At about the same time, these bicycles began to be equipped with d-4 motors with a volume of 45 cm3. After equipping - and it happened in Leningrad, at the Krasny Oktyabr plant - tuned, as they would say now, bicycles acquired a power of 1.2 horsepower.

Light moped "Riga-2 Gauja"

A 45cc motor, a tubular front frame, a spring-loaded front fork - and a headlight that is powered by a generator and allows you to ride in the dark. These models were produced from 1961 to 1963.

Moped "Riga-4"

Went on sale in 1970. The engine of this moped had a tricky volume - 49.9 cm3; this meant that such a moped did not need to be registered with the traffic police and it was not necessary to have a motorcycle driving license to ride it. Power - as much as two horsepower. The model was equipped with wheel guards and 16-inch wheels - before mopeds had wheels 19 inches in diameter.

Moped "Riga-5"

Produced from 1966 to 1971. It was extremely simple to manage, but the dynamics, compared to previous models, left much to be desired. Instead of a telescopic fork, compressible springs were fitted to the front wheel for shock absorption. The engine was started by pedaling.

Moped "Riga-11"

He had only one speed, but the wheels were amazingly powerful, and a rear position lamp and a headlight could be connected to the D-6 engine. Alas, the frames of such models were not durable, and they themselves were very heavy.

Moped "Riga-12"

His saddle was short, the trunk was small - but there was a special air filter built into the frame. The moped also had bicycle pedals - so that when driving uphill, you could help the Sh-57 (Šiauliai) engine if it could not cope.

Moped "Riga-13"

It was perhaps the most attractive model of those years - the D-8 engine, a very well-installed light and even a high-voltage transformer, with the help of which the problems with the ignition coil, characteristic of previous models, were eliminated. Such mopeds did not go out of production until 1998 - but were launched in 1983.

Moped "Riga-26"

Model 1982. The most compact moped produced by this plant: it could not only be stored on a balcony, but also carried in a car trunk. True, he weighed more than decently - 50 kg. The wheels were like those of a motor scooter - small and plump; the steering wheel and seat could be lowered.

In Soviet times, mopeds were incredibly stylish and fashionable personal vehicles. Especially among youth.

The motorcycle was expensive and required garage storage. And a moped, like a bicycle, was often brought into an apartment.

Strela motorbike with a copy of the Wanderer engine (from 1936 to 1940)

The photo could not be found, perhaps this is the Wanderer

Motorized bicycle B901

motorized bike B901 was produced at the Kharkov Bicycle Plant in the 50s of the last century.

The bike had a frame of reduced height and a reinforced fork. The wheels were 26″ x 2″. A steering wheel with extended handles and a trunk with a clamp were also installed.

— Engine D-4

- The weight of the bike with the engine is 27 kg.

Motorbike V-902

Produced by the Lvov Motor Plant since 1960.

The motorbike developed a speed of 35-40 km. hour. The B-902 has a tubular welded frame with two top tubes. The front fork has spring dampers and rotates left and right on two angular contact ball bearings. The stiffness of the shock absorber springs is adjusted by screwing in and unscrewing the shock absorber nuts. Rigid suspension rear wheel. Motor D-4 with a power of 1 liter. with.

MV-042

In 1963, the plant mastered the new model MV-042, which bore the name of a motorbike, but in fact was already a moped: a special stamped frame, a telescopic front fork, a rear suspension on a central spring. Later models, according to some reports, were produced with two shock absorbers. Issued until 1965. MV-042 "Lvovyanka" Single-cylinder two-stroke engine with a working volume of 45 cm3 maximum power of 1.2 liters. with. moped weight 30 kg maximum speed 40 km/h

Spriditis

The enterprise "Sarkana Zvaigzne" was organized in Riga in 1940. on the basis of the nationalized G. Ehrenpreis Bicycle Factory. In 1958, the first prototypes of the SPRIDITIS moped with a 60 cc engine were assembled on it, the prototype for which was one of the models of the Pukh company.

This machine did not go into series, but the experience gained made it possible to create a more successful design, called "RIGA-1".

One of the ZIMZON brand mopeds was taken as the basis, but instead of a short-link front fork, a telescopic fork was made, and springs were used in the rear suspension instead of rubber elastic elements. Initially, the car was equipped with a 50 cc JAVA block engine, later the production of a similar power unit(50 cc X 1.5 hp) was mastered at the VAIRAS plant in the Lithuanian city of Siauliai.

Riga-2 SAUIA

In parallel with 1959. the equipping of bicycles "Riga-16" with a motor "D-4" (45 cc. X1.2 hp) of the Leningrad plant "Red October" began. It was a temporary solution. Already in 1961. buyers were offered a "light" moped "RIGA-2 GAUIA" with the same engine, a specially designed tubular frame and a spring-loaded front fork. From that moment on, two families of mopeds were built in parallel at the plant, conditionally divided into “heavy” and “light”, with motors from the Siauliai and Leningrad plants, respectively.

Riga-4

In 1970, the plant introduced a new model "Riga-4" with a 49.9 cm3 engine (which did not require a license) and a power of 2 hp. Of the innovations: a high-voltage transformer appeared, shields for the wheels, the trunk changed, the design of the circuit changed, the gear of the gearbox, installed new trunk, and the speedometer drive was from the engine. But the main thing is that for the first time on a moped, instead of 19-inch wheels, 16-inch wheels were installed. This is probably why Riga-4 no longer looked so Soviet.

Riga-5

From 1966 to 1971 Gauja's successor, Riga 5, was produced. By design, it was quite different from its predecessor. For example, for depreciation front wheel Riga-5 did not use a telescopic fork, but compressible springs, allowing the fork to bend forward. The design has changed. There were no gears, the D-5 engine was started by pedaling. Despite the ease of control, the dynamics of the moped has deteriorated significantly. The frame was strengthened, because. past models sinned with breaking frames. In 1971, "Riga-5" was replaced by "Riga-7".

Riga-7

Riga-11

After the Riga-7 moped, the new Riga-11 was born - a stylish single-speed moped with powerful wheels. The D6 engine was retained. But, the model turned out to be quite heavy, and the frame is not strong enough. In addition, the original tank, located under the trunk, in practice brought a lot of trouble when driving uphill, especially when there was little fuel left.

Riga-12

"Riga-12" was produced from 1974 to 1979. It was equipped with a Šiauliai Sh-57 engine and had bicycle pedals that could be used to help the engine when moving uphill. The model was distinguished by the presence of paper air filter built into the frame. It was produced with different mounting options and fuel tank shapes: with an ignition coil on top of the frame under the tank, with an ignition coil on the bottom of the frame under the tank. Visually, it was very similar to the Riga-16, but differed by a short saddle and a smaller trunk.

Riga-13

The light moped "Riga-11" was replaced by the most successful moped of that time - "Riga-13". It was produced since 1983 and was equipped with a 1.3 hp engine, which accelerated the moped to 40 km/h. Early models were equipped with a D-8 engine, and later they began to install engines - D-8e, D-8 m. Its distinguishing feature is good light and an installed high-voltage transformer, which eliminated frequent problems with ignition coil. "Riga-13" became the most massive moped of the plant and was produced until 1998.

Riga-16

In 1977, the two-speed Riga-16 model was put into production. The moped had a motorcycle type muffler, a kickstarter, a lever rear brake, back light, original paint and new steering wheel. The first models were equipped with the Sh-57 engine from Siauliai, and later versions received the most successful Sh-58 engine. In fact, "Riga-16" is the first mokik in the USSR (before that there were mopeds with pedals). With its own weight of 45 kg, the mokik could carry up to 115 kg of cargo!

Riga 22

In 1981, the plant began producing the Riga 22 mokik, which was a modernization of the Riga 16 model and was equipped with the Sh-62 engine. The engine was radically different from its predecessors. In particular, it had a powerful electronic contactless ignition. The direction of rotation of the crankshaft had to be changed due to a different gearbox. But, the good design was let down by the quality. Therefore, in 1984, the entire system was modernized and the engine developing 1.8 hp became known as Sh-62M. At the same time, the design of the muffler has changed. But the gearbox was still the weak link of the Riga 22 mokik.

"Riga-26" (or "Mini" RMZ-2.126)

In 1982, the plant introduced a very unusual mokik "Riga-26" (or "Mini" RMZ-2.126). It became the most compact in the history of the plant and easily fit not only on the balcony, but also in the trunk of any soviet car with a station wagon. He only weighed 50 kg. "Riga 26" was distinguished by small plump wheels, like scooters, and the steering wheel and seat could be lowered, making the mokik even more compact. The engine is Sh-62, V-50 or V-501, all of them are from Siauliai plant.

Delta (RMZ 2.124)

By the mid-80s, the market was experiencing an overproduction of mopeds, so the factory decided to concentrate on new models of mokiks. In 1986, a completely new development was introduced - the Delta mokik (RMZ 2.124). The original frame and the successful engine were the key elements of the success of this model. Delta received a two-speed V-50 engine from Siauliai, which took into account many of the shortcomings of previous models. And the foot shifting in the B-501 engine was generally admired by bikers. Deltas were produced in small batches with cast wheels and three-speed Polish-made engines.

Mokik Stella (Stella)

Following the Delta, the Riga plant showed the Stella mokik. An M-225 engine from a Babetta moped was installed on it. After the collapse of the USSR, in addition to engines from Babetta, Stella began to install engines from the Polish Dezamet mokik and French Peugeot engines.

MV-044

Lviv mopeds MV-044, MP-043

The models have many common components and parts, and they differ mainly in the design of the engine and electrical equipment. The light moped MV-044 has a D-5 engine with a working volume of 45 cm3 and a power of 1.2 hp. and a magneto ignition system. On the MP-043 moped, more than powerful engine Sh-51 with a working volume of 50 cm3 and a power of 2.0 hp. with a two-speed gearbox and a flywheel magneto ignition system.

The maximum speed of MP-043 is 50 km/h, fuel consumption is 2 liters. per 100 kilometers. Dry weight - 48 kg.

Light moped MV-044 develops top speed 40 km / h and consumes 2 liters. fuel per 100 km. Dry weight - 38 kg.

MP-043

MP-045, MP-046.

MP-045, MP-046.

All-welded sealed fuel tank with a capacity of 6.6 liters provides a range of over 300 kilometers. The frame on the new mopeds is significantly reinforced. Engine cooling has been improved on both models, with new-shaped shields that fully open the cylinders and heads.

Moped MP-048 "Verkhovyna-3" (1970-1973)

General data: maximum speed - 50 km / h; dry weight - 51 kg; maximum load (including the driver) - 100 kg; fuel tank - 5.0 l.; average consumption fuel - 2.2-2.6 l / 100 km.

Motorbike 16-B1 (since 1963)

Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V. Frunze (PVZ)

The motorbike can reach speeds up to 40 km/h.

Fuel consumption per 100 km. path at a speed of 25 km / h - 1.5 liters.

The weight of the motorbike is 34 kg.

Light moped MV-18 (since 1972)

It differs from the previous model in greater reliability, modified gear ratio pedal drive. The engine is installed D-6. The gas tank has been increased to 5 liters in volume. Weight - 34 kg.

Light moped ZIF-77 (since 1977)

Produced by the Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V. Frunze.

This model is a modernized version of the previous MV - 18M and differs from it in improved surface finish of units and parts and new, melamide-alkyd enamel. The moped is light (its dry weight is 35.2 kg), develops a speed of 40 km / h, consumes only 1.8 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers, the largest permissible load- 100 kg

Light moped ZIF-20

Baby

this is a child of the Leningrad plant "Red October"

under the full name "Pocket" scooter BABY.

Another unusual vehicle: Motorized carriage "K-1-V" (1947-1951)

Carpathians

The types of two-wheeled small-capacity motor vehicles are quite diverse: these are bicycles with outboard motors, heavy mopeds, which are more powerful and usually have gearboxes, mokiks - mopeds with a kickstarter, mini scooters (scooters).

All this equipment, in accordance with the Rules traffic RF, can be combined under the general name "moped" - a two- or three-wheeled vehicle driven by an engine with a working volume of not more than 50 cubic meters. cm and having a maximum design speed of not more than 50 km / h. I note that in the 70s - 80s of the last century, in the USSR, the working volume of moped engines should not exceed 49.9 cubic meters. see, it was on this limiting border that Soviet factories were guided. However, the difference between 49.9 cu. cm and 50 cu. cm is not really palpable.

The first motorcycle, the production of which was launched at the beginning of the 20th century at the Leitner factory in Riga, can, to a large extent, be considered a moped. This motorcycle, called " Russia”, was a conventional bicycle with a 1-cylinder engine installed in the frame internal combustion. With a motorcycle, “Russia” was related by an engine with a volume of more than 50 cubic meters. cm, with mopeds - low maximum design speed (up to 40 km / h) and, most importantly, the presence of bicycle pedals.

Motorcycle "Russia" cost about 450 rubles, and only wealthy people could buy such a car. Therefore, production volumes were very small - a few dozen motorcycles per year. In 1910, the production of motorcycles "Russia" at the Leitner factory was discontinued, the company began to produce only bicycles.

Light mopeds

Prototypes of motorbikes were created in the USSR in the second half of the 30s. So, at the Moscow Bicycle Plant, an experimental batch of motorbikes with outboard motors with a capacity of 1.3 liters was manufactured. s., which were supplied from Odessa, from the Krasny Profintern plant. And in Leningrad, at the F. Engels Mechanical Plant, they mastered the production of outboard motors for the MD-1 men's bicycle.

In the photo is an MVZ bicycle with the Red Profintern engine, 1936.

The engine of the Leningrad plant named after Engels.

Photo from "Moto" magazine, March 2003.

However, the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War prevented the development of large-scale production of outboard motors and motorbikes. Mass production of this technique was started in the USSR only in the post-war period.

One of the first post-war outboard bike motors - “ Irtysh”, which is installed under the bicycle pedal carriage. The drive to the wheel was carried out by a rubber roller pressed against the tire. 48 cc engine cm developed a power of 0.8 hp, which allowed the bike to accelerate to 30 km / h. "Irtysh" was produced in 1954-55 by the Omsk Engine Plant named after Baranov.
Consumer reviews of the Irtysh were very ambiguous. For example: " Our “Irtysh” brand motor turned out to be a capricious and eccentric creature. It was suspended so low that it almost dragged along the road. Road dirt dried up between the ribs of its cylinder, stuffed into the air filter ... The clutch lever often broke. To get to the magneto, it was necessary to disassemble the entire bicycle carriage. The movement from the motor to the rear wheel was not transmitted through a chain, but through a rubber drum that rotated the wheel. But if it recently rained and the road was wet, then the drum only slid on the tire, and the bike did not move. Had to wait for the road to dry". (D.Dar, A.Elyanov “There, around the corner ...”, M., “Young Guard”, 1962).

Irtysh prototype - 1948 ILO-F48 engine.

Photo from "Moto" magazine, March 2003.

"Irtysh" on a bicycle.

Photo from "Moto" magazine, March 2003.

Approximately in the same years as the Irtysh, a similar in design, but more powerful engine was produced. MD-65(66 cc, 1.7 hp). The drive to the wheel was also carried out using a rubber drum.

The situation changed for the better with the start of production in 1956 by the Kharkov Bicycle Engine Plant. D-4. Unlike the Irtysh, which had a German prototype - the ILO F48 engine of the 1951 model, the D-4 was a completely domestic development. It is a two-stroke, single-cylinder, spool valve engine with a displacement of 45 cc. cm, the compression ratio is about 5.2. The engine developed a power of about 1 hp. at 4000 - 4500 rpm and had a chain drive to the rear wheel. Bicycles, with D-4 installed on them, developed speeds up to 40 km / h.

It is curious that this engine was created by a rural self-taught designer (!) Philip Alexandrovich Pribyloi, having spent about 10 years on work. Compared to the Irtysh and similar domestic as well as foreign designs, the D-4 looked so profitable that, for example, the Tekhnika-Youth magazine called it the best bike motor in the world (K. Pigulevsky, First place in the competition with the best motors world, “Technology for Youth”, No. 2, 1958).

It is difficult to say whether anyone in those years arranged testing of the D-4 in comparison with the “best motors in the world”, but the D-4 really was a new word in the production of bicycle engines. It is no coincidence that, having been repeatedly upgraded, under the names: D-4, D-5, D-6, D-8, it was produced in our country for about 40 years - at the beginning at the Kharkov Bicycle Plant, then at the Leningrad Red October. The production was truly massive - in 1982, the 8-millionth engine of the D series was produced. A modernized “dashka” is being produced even now, though not here, but in China. Moreover, the Chinese version of the creation of Profitable is successfully exported to Western Europe, the USA, and to us, to Russia.

In 1958, specifically for the D-4 engine, the Kharkov Bicycle Plant began to produce a bicycle.

Compared to normal road car this bike had a shock absorber in the front fork and oversized tires. Apparently, the B-901 can be considered the first mass-produced Soviet motorbike. Then the production of motorbikes was transferred to the Lviv Metal Plant (since 1960, the Lviv Motorbike Plant - LMZ). In the same year, the plant began production of the B-902 motorbikes, which differed from the B-901 mainly in the frame design.

Photo from the site: alkatrion.com

In 1962, the design bureau of the plant created a motorbike MV-042 “Lvovyanka”. It was fundamental new model with a special bearing one-piece stamped frame, telescopic front fork and even spring-loaded rear suspension.

Photo from the site: roker.kiev.ua

On the first batches of Lvovyanka, the engine was still the same - D-4. In the process of subsequent modernization of the moped, instead of the rear fork with a central spring, double shock absorbers in aluminum casings were installed. And, most importantly, the D-4 was replaced by new motor - D-5, with a compression ratio increased to 6 units. Engine power increased to 1.2 hp. at 4500 rpm, fuel consumption remained at 1.5 l/100 km.
The high thermal tension of the D-5 forced the designers to apply new cylinder with developed ribs and removable head.

The “Lvovyanka” was replaced by a light moped “”, characterized by a developed cowling and angular shapes.

Photo from the site: bestmebli.ru

In 1969, they began to produce a new model - “ MP-045” with a reinforced frame and a larger gas tank.

The last of the light mopeds produced by the Lviv Motorbike Plant is “ MP-047” “Tisa”. After this model, the plant completely switched to the production of heavy mopeds - "Verkhovin", and later "Karpat".

It should be noted that all light mopeds of the Lvov plant were equipped with rear shock absorbers. Light mopeds from other Soviet factories, as well as most foreign light mopeds of those years, did not have such a “luxury”.

Almost simultaneously with the plant in Lvov, the production of light mopeds was launched at the Riga motorcycle plant “Sarkana zvaigzne” (“Red Star”) and at the Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V. Frunze.

The running gear of the first light moped, which was launched in Riga in 1959, was the men's bicycle “”.

Photo from the site: www.mopedmuseum.ru

The well-known D-4 engine was installed on the bike. (A. Popov, Cooled Star, “Moto”, No. 1, 2012, p. 88). The resulting design strongly resembled the B-901 motorbike of the Kharkov Bicycle Plant.

The next motorbike of the Riga factory is “Gauja” (“Riga-2”).

Photo from the site: forum.grodno.net

The motorbike was produced in 1961 - 1963, distinguished by an elegant frame, a cowled engine and a spring-loaded front fork.

The Gauya was replaced with a frame of a simpler design, an increased gas tank capacity and an engine D-5.

Photo from the site: suvenirrussian.ru

And in the 70s, the production of “Rigi-7” equipped with engine D-6. This engine, unlike the D-5, had a larger diameter rotor and a double winding of the ignition coil. Such a modernization made it possible to power the headlight and taillight of the moped directly from the engine, and not from an external dynamo generator, as was the case with mopeds equipped with D-4 and D-5 engines.

In the late 70s, “Sarkana Zvaigzne” began to produce a new model - "Rigu-11".

The moped received a spinal frame instead of a closed one, wheels of a smaller diameter but wider. The gas tank was moved under the rear trunk and reduced in capacity from 5.5 to 4 liters. It is unlikely that this model can be called successful. The weight of the moped, compared to the “Riga-7”, increased by 8 kg, and the spinal frame, which could be expected, turned out to be less durable compared to the closed one.

Apparently, for these reasons, the production of "Riga-11" was soon curtailed, it was replaced by the same wide 19-inch wheels, but again with a closed frame and a gas tank in the traditional place for mopeds - the upper frame beam.

Photo from the site: rstcars.com

The weight of the moped, in comparison with the “Riga-11”, was reduced by 2 kg. D-8 engines and its modifications were installed on the moped. hallmark D-8 was a good light and the presence of a high-voltage transformer in the ignition system.

"Riga-13" was produced until the closure of the plant in 1998, becoming the most massive, and at the same time, the last production model Riga light mopeds. "Perestroika" and subsequent market reforms destroyed the Riga motorcycle plant, as, indeed, most of the country's motorcycle plants.

The workshops of the legendary Riga enterprise are currently either demolished or in a dilapidated state.

Photo from the site: dyr4ik.ru

It is curious that after the cessation of the release of "Riga-13" at the Riga Motor Plant, the moped was produced for some time by the State Unitary Enterprise "Leningrad Northern Plant", which received the working drawings of the moped from the inhabitants of Riga.

The third plant that produced light mopeds in the USSR is the Penza Bicycle Plant. M.V. Frunze (ZIF). The first model was a motorbike 16-VM, very much reminiscent of the Lviv B-902.

Then, in 1972, they began to produce a model with a D-6 engine.

Photo from the site: dyr4ik.ru

and, since 1977, ZIF-77. The last two models differed from similar Riga models of those years (“Riga-5” and “Riga-7”) with a 2.5-liter gas tank and slightly less weight.

In the “troubled years of perestroika”, the production of mopeds at ZIF was discontinued. However, the plant was saved. Now ZIF, renamed in 2008 as Penza Bicycle Plant LLC, produces seven models of men's and women's road bikes and two models of teenage bikes.

At present, in the Russian Federation, as well as in other republics that were once part of the USSR, there is not a single plant left that mass-produces motorbikes.

In very limited quantity only kits are made from the engine and special fasteners for installation on a bicycle. The most famous of them is the “Comet”, produced in St. Petersburg. The bike motor kit can be combined with a 1 hp, 1.5 hp engine. and 2 hp A belt drive from the engine transmits rotation to a pulley (bicycle rim) that is attached to the spokes on the rear wheel.

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The moped weighed about 70 kg, was equipped with a single-cylinder, two-stroke engine with a working volume of 98 cm3. The compression ratio is 5.8. The engine developed 2.3 liters. with. at 4000 rpm and had a two-speed gearbox. The maximum speed is 50 km/h. From the above technical data, it is clear that the "Kievlyanin" is very similar to the pre-war "Strela". This is not surprising, since the popular German Wanderer-98 moped equipped with a Sachs engine is considered the prototype of both Strela and Kyivian. Since 1952, KMZ began to manufacture heavy motorcycles M-72, and stopped making mopeds. The scale of production of "Kievlyanin" was small: in 1951, for example, 14.4 thousand mopeds rolled off the assembly line.

In parallel with the K1B motorbike, since 1947, KMZ has been producing its three-wheeled modification for the disabled. She was called K1V, and she had only one leading, the left rear wheel.

At the Riga motorcycle plant “Sarkana Zvaigzne” in 1958, a moped was developed “ Spiriditis” (“Boy with a finger”) with a 60 cc engine. cm.

The car turned out to be unsuccessful, mainly because of the engine, and did not go into the series. As a solution, a license was purchased for the Czech 50-cc Java engine, the production of which was mastered by the plant in Siauliai. Under new engine Riga developers created a moped “”,

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which was launched into mass production in 1961. The moped turned out to be quite light - 45 kg. Two stroke engine working volume of 49.8 cubic meters. cm., equipped with a two-stage gearbox, developed a power of 1.5 hp, which made it possible to reach a maximum speed of 40 km / h.

In 1965, the moped “Riga-1” was replaced by a new model “”,

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equipped with a modernized Šiauliai engine Sh-51 2 hp Outwardly, the Riga-3 moped did not differ much from its predecessor, except for a modified tank shape, a cushion-type seat and a frame with an elongated tail section. “Riga-3” turned out to be more powerful than “Riga-1” by almost 30%, lighter by 2 kg and accelerated to 50 km/h.

From 1970 to 1974, the Riga Motor Plant produced "" with an engine Sh-52 with a power of 2.2 hp.

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This model was outwardly very similar to the “Riga-3” and differed only in a small change in the hull lining and the introduction of new technical solutions into the design: the electrical circuit was changed (a high-voltage transformer was added), the design of the shields for the wheels and chain, the design of the gears of the gearbox, the trunk, new wheels of smaller diameter were installed, and the speedometer was driven from the engine.

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This model was really “mini” in its dimensions: it easily fit on the roof or in the trunk passenger car, in the elevator, on the balcony or in the utility room of a residential building. The handlebars, if the clamping collets were released, could be turned down, almost halving the height of the machine. For the same purpose, a device was provided for lowering the saddle. In the early years of production, the moped did not have rear shock absorbers.

An engine was installed on Riga-26 B-50 manual Or engine B-501- with foot switch. The power of the B-50 or B-501 was the same - 1.8 hp.

A little later, Czechoslovak-made engines with a horizontal cylinder position were installed on this mokik, much more reliable, and also had a foot switch. The maximum design speed of "Riga-26" is 40 km/h.

mini mockik "Stella" RMZ-2.136 (RMZ-2.136-01) different from “Riga-26” undercarriage. Mokik was equipped with B-50 or B-501 engines, later - V-50M and V-501M- 2.0 HP Mokika weight - 54 kg, speed - 40 km / h.

In the mid-80s, “Sarkana zvaigzne” also began to produce mokik Delta RMZ-2.124 (RMZ-2.124-01).

Photo from the site: moped-balachna.do.am

All the same V-50 or V-501 engines were installed on the mokik. And the maximum design speed was the same as that of "Riga-26" and "Stella" - 40 km / h.

The first heavy moped created at the Lvov Motor Plant was a moped produced in 1967. "MP-043" unified in frame with a light moped "MP-044". The MP-043 was equipped with the same engine that was installed on the “Sarkana Zvaygzne” on the “Riga-3” - Sh-51 with a power of 2 hp. with a two-speed gearbox.

In 1969, the “MP-043” was replaced by a new model “”

again, unified in terms of frame with the MP-045 light moped, which was simultaneously produced.

I must say that the angular forms of "MP-043" and "MP-046" did not cause much enthusiasm among buyers who preferred the heavy mopeds of the Riga motorcycle plant.

The situation changed with the launch of the moped Verkhovyna-3 (MP-048).

Photo from the site: minsk-scooter.by

The design of the moped has been significantly changed. The moped began to resemble a small motorcycle. The same engine, Sh-51K, was installed on Verkhovyna-3 as on MP-046, but instead of the M-102 magdino, which controlled the ignition of previous models of mopeds, the G-420 ignition generator was installed, equipped with an external high-voltage transformer. This improvement made it possible to significantly increase the reliability of the ignition system, due to the fact that with this design the ignition coil is not subject to heat from a running engine.
In general, we can say that the first model of Verkhovyna turned out to be quite successful. The buyer was attracted by both the interesting appearance of the moped and the rather high level of its reliability. Therefore, the demand for Verkhovyna-3 was quite large, and the entire development of the Verkhovyna models continued to go in the direction set by the very first modification. It is also worth mentioning that the first model was already produced, in addition to the standard one, in a tourist version - with luggage bags and a windshield.

Verkhovyna-4 (LMZ-2-152) produced at LMZ since 1972. The moped received a more comfortable saddle, a slightly modified tank, and a Sh-52 engine.

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produced since 1974 and differed greatly in appearance. The moped received a horizontal tank with a capacity of 7 liters, a different trunk, a new front fork. The Sh-57 engine was installed on the moped.

In 1978 they began to produce Verkhovyna-6 (LMZ-2.158) with a slightly modified design and the Sh-57 engine, and later the Sh-58 with a kickstarter.

In addition to the base model, production was also launched “Verkhovyny-6-Sport” and “Verkhovyny-6-Tourist”. “Verkhovyny-6-Sport” was distinguished by an upper silencer, a cross-type steering wheel with a jumper and a sprung front wheel shield. Verkhovyna-6-Tourist had a windshield and two spacious luggage bags behind the driver's saddle.

One of the "Verkhovyna-6" became the two millionth moped (!) of the Lviv Motor Plant.

Verkhovyna-7 (LMZ-2.159)- the last of the "Verkhovyna" - has been produced since April 1981. The moped was equipped with a new front fork, new, more powerful lighting and a new trunk. Verkhovyna-7 was equipped with derated Sh-62(M), and later - V-50. The maximum design speed of the moped has been reduced to 40 km/h.

In the spring of 1981, a model no less significant for the history of the Lviv Motor Plant appeared - the mokik "Karpaty" (LMZ-2.160),

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and in 1986 a mockik was released Karpaty-2 (LMZ-2.161). Both Karpaty mokiks, in the development of which the VNIITE branch in Leningrad took part, were equipped with the Sh-58 or Sh-62 engine with contactless system ignition.

If speak about external differences between the mopeds "Verkhovyna-7" and "Karpaty", the most obvious is the modified form of the frame, tank, muffler and side casings in the "Karpaty". The developers increased the service life of the new model: the warranty mileage of the Karpaty mokik was 8,000 km (Verkhovyna-7 had 6,000), and the resource before the first overhaul was up to 18,000 km compared to 15,000 km for Verkhovyna. Like Verkhovyna-6, the Karpaty mokika also had similar modifications - a moped “Carpathians-Tourist” and youth moped “Karpaty-Sport”. Subsequently, a moped was also produced “Karpaty-2-Lux”, distinctive feature which had direction indicators.

In 1988, the Lviv Motor Plant produced 123,000 mopeds. Once the production volumes of this plant were twice as large, however, in the second half of the 80s, it was necessary to reduce the production of 50 cc cars due to falling demand and actively develop new models to attract buyers. A new model LMZ-2.164 was developed. In 1990, the Serpukhov Research Institute of Motorcycle Construction designed a new modern model D-51 engine with a petal valve at the inlet and automatic centrifugal clutch, which was supposed to be installed on new models of Lviv mopeds, but the engine did not go into series ...

The collapse of a single country led to the death of the Lvov Motor Plant. Now on its territory is the Inter-sport sports complex, as well as many small firms that have nothing to do with mopeds.

Summing up the Soviet stage in the history of domestic motor industry, it can be noted that in the 60s and 70s the moped was one of the most affordable Vehicle for the population of the country. Mopeds were produced in millions of pieces, there was never a shortage of mopeds in the distribution network (perhaps, with the exception of individual models). Mopeds were affordable and affordable. For example, in 1975, the Riga-7 moped cost 112 rubles, Riga-12 - 186 rubles, Verkhovina-5 - 196 - 198 rubles (depending on the configuration). For comparison, the price of the Electron scooter was 270 rubles, the Minsk-105 motorcycles - 330 rubles, Voskhod-2 - about 420 rubles, etc. Two-wheeled motor vehicles, especially mopeds, could be purchased by any worker.

It is curious that, having overtaken the firms of Germany and France, which initiated the mass production of small motor vehicles, by the beginning of the 80s of the XX century, we took third place in the world (after Japan and Italy) in the production of mopeds and began to supply them to the foreign market (for example, in Hungary, Poland, Angola, Bangladesh, Cuba and even Italy). (M. Leonov, What should a youth moped be like?, “Technology for youth”, No. 3, 1983, p. 48).

The only plant in the Russian Federation currently mass-producing heavy mopeds domestic development, this is the Dyagterev Plant in the city of Kovrov. Back in the 90s, the company began to produce a sports-type mokik ZiD-50 “Pilot”.

Photo from the site: scooter-club.ru

With a dry weight of 81 kg, the mokik is equipped with a 49.9 cc two-stroke engine. cm with a power of 3.5 hp The engine has a three-speed gearbox. The maximum design speed (according to the documents) is 50 km/h. In reality, the moped accelerates to 70 km / h, which is not surprising with such engine parameters. Later, a modification of the “Pilot” was developed - mokik ZiD-50-01 “Active”

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with redesigned. In recent years, both Pilot and Aktiv, along with two-stroke engines, began to install Chinese four-stroke engines. Lifan 1P39FMB-C and Lifan 1P39QMB 49.5 cu. cm and a power of 3.4 hp.

With the Chinese “four-wheeler”, the plant also began to produce a scooter. This is “ZiD” - “Lifan”.

Unfortunately, "Pilots" and "Assets" with Chinese engine significantly more expensive than similar completely Chinese models.

At ZID, an attempt was also made to produce a small-class mokik ZiD-36 “Bird”. Mokik weighed only 35 kg, was equipped with a two-stroke engine with a two-speed gearbox with a volume of 36.3 cc. cm and a power of 1.5 hp. The maximum design speed of the “Bird” was 30 km / h. (In reality, it was possible to disperse up to 45 km / h).

Alas, the demand for "Bird" turned out to be much lower than for "Pilot".
In addition to the scooter with the Chinese engine "LIFAN", ZID developed a scooter back in 2000 “ZDK-2.205” - “Arkan”.

The curb weight of the scooter was 100 kilograms, it was equipped with a double saddle and footrests for the passenger. A large number of parts of the scooter were unified with the “Pilot” mokik. The Arkan had a 3.5 hp engine, equipped with a mechanically driven fan, an electric starter, and a separate lubrication system. Transmission - with a manual clutch, 3-speed gearbox and chain drive to the wheel, remained similar to the "Pilot". A total of 500 "Arkans" were released, after which their production was discontinued.

Vyatsko-Polyansky machine building plant Molot, which in Soviet times produced Elektron scooters, began producing a scooter in 1998 VMZ-2.503 Swift

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with two stroke engine "Simson". Its power is 3.7 hp. (at 5500 rpm) was enough to accelerate the crew to 60 km / h. The motor used helical gear engagement from the engine to the clutch, 4-speed gearbox, electronic system ignition. However, "Strizh" was in low demand among buyers, and soon its production was curtailed.

Perhaps, in addition to competition from cheap “used” Japanese scooters, a certain role was played by the fact that both “Arkan” and “Strizh” had mechanical boxes gears and were designed for motorists with experience. And the youth preferred a scooter with an automatic clutch and a variator.

At the State Unitary Enterprise "Leningrad Northern Plant" (LSZ) in 1994, a moped was developed LSZ - 1.415 “Pegasus”.

It was a classic moped with bicycle-type pedal-starting, a single-cylinder two-stroke engine without a gearbox, a front telescopic fork and an engine-transmission oscillating rear suspension. The engine was installed on the moped D-14 with a volume of 45 cubic cm and a power of 1.8 hp. The maximum design speed of the Pegasus was 40 km/h.

Unfortunately, the "Pegasus" revealed a lot of shortcomings. In particular, the characteristics of the D-14 engine made it problematic to start off and drive at low speeds. As a result, the lack of demand forced the model to be discontinued.

After that, an Indian engine was purchased for Pegasus in 2002. Ankur CM-50 having automatic centrifugal clutch. The engine had a volume of 49 cubic meters. cm and developed a power of 2.4 hp, accelerating the moped to 50 km / h. The resulting modification is called "Pegas-31". And in 2005 it was released "PEGAS-33" with kickstarter.

At St. Petersburg (Leningrad) "Red October", which for many years produced engines of the "D" series, in the 90s they also tried to launch the production of small-capacity motor vehicles with a motor D - 16. A small number of mokiks of the series were collected and sold to the population, “Fora-classic” and “Fora-mini”.

The D-16 engine had a volume of 49 cubic meters. cm and a power of 2.2 hp, reminiscent of the Siaulias motors that were installed in the old years on the “heavy” “Riga” and “Verkhovyna”.

However, for reasons of an economic nature, the mass production of mopeds of the Fora series could not be deployed.

In the late 90s, the Tula Machine-Building Plant developed a mokik.

The moped had a unique arc-shaped frame (like a children's park rocking chair) and a front fork of the original design.

Prototypes of "Frigate" were made with different motors: "ZiD-50", "VP-50" and even, "Franco Morini" with 4 speed gearbox. But, the moped was not launched into the series.

Izhevsk plant has developed the heaviest of domestic mokiks IZH 2.673 “Cornet”.

Photo from the site: yaplakal.com

Its curb weight exceeded 90 kg. By appearance“The Cornet was much more like a powerful motorcycle than a moped. Two-stroke engine "Cornet" had a working volume of 49.6 cubic meters. cm, developed a power of 3 hp. and was equipped with a four-speed gearbox. The moped was mass-produced, entered the distribution network, but soon its production was discontinued.

However, at present, the Izhevsk plant assembles a 50 cc “Patron King 50” under license.

So, in the independent Russian Federation, it was not possible to organize the mass production of “heavy” mopeds. The only exception is ZID, which produces "Pilots" and the Izhevsk plant with licensed "Patron King".

Is it possible to revive mass domestic moped construction in our country? - Currently, apparently not. Cheap, small-capacity used motorcycles, supplied mainly from Japan, and no less cheap new mopeds made in China, have firmly captured domestic market. True, in China in recent years, industrial workers have been increasingly on strike demanding higher wages. Owners of foreign firms that have built their factories in China, as well as home-grown Chinese capitalists, are forced to satisfy the demands of the strikers. Ultimately, higher wages for Chinese workers are very likely to increase the cost of their products, making them less competitive on the world market. But, will this help the Russian motorcycle industry?