Tactical and technical characteristics of fire trucks. Fire hose vehicle. Firefighter communication and lighting vehicle Firefighter communication vehicle

The State Fire Service operates a number of modifications of fire-fighting communication and lighting vehicles (ASO). They are built on a GAZ or PAZ chassis of various modifications (chassis 4x2.1 or 4x4.1), the engine power of these cars is about 88.5 kW, and with a slight difference they reach a speed of 80 - 90 km/h.

The most common are ASO-8(66), two modifications of ASO-12 (PAZ-672) and ASO-12(66) mod.90A. The number of combat crews on them is 6, 8 and 5 people, respectively.

The machines are equipped with alternating current generators of varying power from 8 to 20 kW with a frequency of 50 Hz. Only on the ASO-8 the generator produces a current of 400 V instead of 230 V on other machines.

Lighting means (spotlights) of the PKN-1500 type are the same on all ASOs. The ASO-8 has two stationary and two remote searchlights. The ASO-12(66) is equipped with 5 portable spotlights, while the ASO-12 (PAZ-672) has only 2.

ACOs are equipped with stationary and portable radio stations, as well as telephones. Their number and range of action are indicated in the table. 10.4.

Table 10.4

Indicators	Dimension	Vehicle type
Indicators	Dimension	ASO-12(66) mod.90A	ASO-12 (PAZ-672)
Stationary radio station (quantity)				"Viola 1"
Range
Portable radios (quantity)				"Viola N"
Range
Telephone devices (quantity)

Each ASO is equipped with loudspeaker installations and reels with main cable on stationary and remote reels.

Based on the list of equipment and its technical characteristics, the ASO complex includes a communications and lighting vehicle - ASO-20. It is installed, like the AG-20 car, on a PAZ-3205 chassis. The combat crew on the ASO-20 is 6 people.

The ASO-20 equipment is mounted in the bus interior, which is divided into two compartments: headquarters and communications (rear). In the headquarters compartment there are two tables for the work of the fire extinguishing headquarters. The tables contain telephones, a tape recorder, a computer, a printer and other equipment.

For headquarters work outside the cabin, the ASO-20 has an external table. In the rear compartment, on tables and shelves, there is equipment for the radio operator and telephone operator: radio stations, telephone switchboard. Speaker amplifier.

Power sources. To power energy consumers, the ASO has a generator and a diesel power plant.

Generator GT40PCh6-2S. At 6000 rpm it develops a power of 20 kW at a voltage of 220 V. The current value is 15 A and its frequency is (400 ± 8) Hz. It is driven by the chassis engine base car via PTO and propeller shaft.

The ASO-20 has a voltage converter 220 V 400 Hz to 220 V 50 Hz.

Diesel power plant AD-4-230-VM1 is a backup power source for supplying voltage 220 V 50 Hz in case of failure of the main electrical installation.

Additional 12 or 24 V batteries are designed to power the control circuits of the product circuit and communication equipment.

For recharging batteries The ASO uses an IP-220/12 power supply, connected to a 220 V 50 Hz network and rectifying DC 12 V.

Electric lighting of the fire site is provided by six IO-02-1500-02 floodlights. Two of them are installed on a floodlight platform on the roof of the car and can be raised to a height of 8 m above ground level. Using a special electric mechanism, the mast can be rotated in the horizontal plane by an angle of ±260°, and in the vertical plane by an angle of ±30°. Four spotlights can be removed from the passenger compartment and connected to the vehicle's power panel using cables.

The spotlights are powered alternating current voltage 200 V, frequency 400 Hz. The power consumed by one generator is 1.5 kW.

ASO-20 is equipped with powerful radio and telephone communications. The number of devices installed on the vehicle and their range of action are given in table. 10.5.

Table 10.5

Additional equipment consists of a number of devices. FG-119 fog lights are installed on the ASO front bumper. They are intended for use when driving ASO during fog.

Finder lights FG-16K are designed to illuminate the work area at night. One of them is installed above the driver’s cabin, and the second is on the rear wall of the ASO.

The ASO-20 has a universal tool kit UKI-12. It is designed for opening and dismantling building structures in a fire. It includes cutters, crowbars for various purposes, hooks, etc. (total 10 items).

ASO-20 in GPS units can be equipped with various power tools, electric cutters, electric saws, smoke exhausters, etc. with electric motors with a voltage of 220 V and a frequency of 400 Hz.

Cable reels. A stationary cable reel with a main cable for powering remote spotlights located at a distance of up to 96 m from the ASO.

The ASO also includes four portable coils for powering energy consumers located at a distance of up to 36 m from the ASO. Two cables are designed to provide power to portable spotlights. The other two cables can be used as extension cables.

During combat deployment, distribution boxes (KB) are connected to the cables, from which consumers are powered.

When the generator is operating, the ASO must be grounded. The copper grounding wire has a length of 20 m and a cross-section of 10 mm 2.

A schematic diagram of combat deployment is shown in Fig. 10.9. Other options are also possible. In this case, two requirements must be met. Firstly, the total power of all consumers should not exceed the power of the generator. Secondly, the load distribution along the lines on the output shield must be uniform and not exceed 6 kW when the floodlights on the mast are turned on.

ASO-20 equipment allows you to supply electricity to lighting devices, operational communications equipment and special equipment. It ensures the functioning of forces and means when controlling them during a fire.

Purpose: To illuminate the work area of fire departments at the scene of a fire (accident), provide communication with the central point, power supply for various equipment and rescue tools. The ASO is also the fire extinguishing headquarters.

ASO fire truck manufactured on the chassis of a KAMAZ vehicle, in isothermal van made of five-layer sandwich panels SUPERTERM®, for operation at air temperatures -40°С… +40°С, equipped with a power plant (EPU), special equipment, fire-technical weapons(PTV) and rescue tools and equipment (ASIO).

Can be installed on the chassis of domestic and imported vehicles (KAMAZ, URAL, GAZ, MAZ, MAN, Mercedes, Volvo, IVECO, Ford, etc.).

The ASO fire truck has completed documents for registration with the traffic police and a Type Approval Certificate vehicle, as well as permission to transport a team of up to 6 people.

Salon of the combat crew of the ASO fire truck consists of two parts and provides accommodation for 6 people (including the driver). Front part of the cabin - standard chassis cab(driver's cabin), rear – passenger compartment body A single cabin space for free visual and verbal contact between the driver, crew commander and members of the combat crew is provided through an opening in the adjacent walls of the standard chassis cabin and body. The cabin is equipped with places for equipment, which is placed ergonomically; there are no sharp corners and edges that could cause injury to combat crews. Fastening the equipment eliminates the possibility of its spontaneous movement during movement.

Cargo compartment of the ASO fire truck is a separate lockable room in which racks are installed to accommodate special PTV and ASIO equipment. Additional lamps are available to illuminate the workspace.

All equipment has convenient quick-release fasteners, and its location is made taking into account ergonomic requirements. All equipment and tools are secured in a way that prevents them from moving and interfering with the driver and combat crew during movement, as well as during abnormal emergency situations.

Cargo compartment floor and rear door The inside of the body is covered with corrugated aluminum, which prevents slipping and is not subject to corrosion.

ESU with a power of 16 kW The vehicle's chassis is driven by an engine and is designed to provide power to remote spotlights and power tools.

ASO equipped main cable reel with a cable length of 100 m and a distribution board with a sealed, closing hatch located outside the vehicle. The distribution board provides the connection of additional electrical consumers through three 220V and one 380V connectors, as well as connections of the ASO to city power grids.

To provide lighting working area ASO equipped LED lights external lighting. An 8m high pneumatic lighting mast can be installed with remote control, consisting of a telescopic retractable part, twin spotlights and a control panel. The spotlights are controlled from a control panel installed in the rear wall of the body.

On the roof of the ASO fire engine there are stationary loudspeakers. Remote speakers are placed on racks in cargo compartment, their connection to the distribution board on the ASO body is provided.

Installed on ASO set of onboard navigation and communication equipment, computer equipment, radio communications and wired telephone communications, sound recording and sound amplification equipment.

For additional information contact the specialists of MPZ LLC

The main fire engines are divided into two specific subcategories: general purpose fire trucks And fire trucks for specific applications.

General purpose fire trucks.

These vehicles include tank trucks, pump trucks, and first aid vehicles.

Tankers are equipped with special liquid tanks and pumps. This special equipment is used to transport fire extinguishing substances, various devices and equipment directly to the fire site. Water or foam can be used as a fire extinguishing liquid.

Tankers are the most common type of fire fighting equipment. There are several types of corresponding fire trucks:

light, the capacity of which does not exceed 2000 liters. An example of such a vehicle is a tank truck of the ATs30(53A) brand;
medium, the capacity of which is 2-4 cubic meters. Examples of such vehicles are tanks of the ATs30(130), ATs40(375) brands;
heavy, the capacity of which exceeds 4 cubic meters.

It is worth noting that tank trucks are made on the basis of ZIL vehicles (water tank volume - 3.5 m3, foam concentrate volume - 210 liters, pump capacity - 40 liters per second). Also used are KamAZ vehicles (water tank - 5m3, foam concentrate 350l, pump capacity - 40l/s) and Ural (water tank volume - 15m3, foam concentrate - 900l, pump capacity - 100l/s).

Truck pumps have a design similar to tank trucks. However, they are equipped with a large number of appropriate equipment. The units are also equipped with larger containers for transporting foam concentrate. Such vehicles are used in conjunction with AC or independently. Most often, such vehicles are based on the KamAZ chassis. In this case, the diameter of the hose through which the fire extinguishing substance is supplied can be 51 or 77 millimeters. The total length of the sleeves on a car can be 3500-5000 meters. The pump capacity is 100 liters per second.

First aid vehicles are used for the prompt delivery of crews, small-sized equipment and fire extinguishing substances to the fire site. With the help of these vehicles, the fire is localized before the arrival of more powerful equipment. First aid vehicles are manufactured on the GAZ chassis. In this case, the volume of the water tank is 500 liters, the volume of the foam concentrate is 50 l, and the pump capacity is 0.8 l/s.

Fire trucks for specific purposes.

Foam extinguishing installations. This special equipment is used to deliver fire extinguishing substance, equipment and auxiliary devices to the fire site. These vehicles differ from tank trucks in the presence of two portable devices that ensure the rise of foam generators to a certain height (up to thirteen meters). Also, such a design may include the following units and devices:

stationary monitor (combined);
two dosing inserts;
foam generators (six pieces).

The equipment is based on the Ural chassis. The volume of the container for transporting foam concentrate is 180 l. Pump capacity – 2400 l/s.

Powder extinguishing installations. This special equipment is used to extinguish fires at various industrial facilities (oil refining plants, chemical industry, nuclear energy). Such vehicles were discontinued in 1986, but are still used today in some fire departments.

Gas extinguishing installations. This type of equipment is used to extinguish burning electrical equipment that is energized. Also, appropriate vehicles are used to extinguish fires in archives and museums. With the help of these units you can extinguish flammable and combustible liquids spilled on the surface or located in tanks.

Such special equipment is manufactured on the basis of ZIL, KamAZ, Ural chassis. The main functional mechanism of the car is the installation of gas extinguishing. The vehicle design also contains carbon dioxide cylinders. The fire extinguishing agent is supplied through a special barrel.

Gas-water extinguishing vehicles. This equipment is equipped turbojet engine. Thanks to this, a powerful gas flow is created, which has a high kinetic energy coefficient. Such machines are used when extinguishing gas and oil fountains. The cars are built on the KamAZ chassis. The capacity of the pump supplying the gas-water mixture is 150 liters per second.

Combined extinguishing installations. Such special equipment ensures a consistent supply of special foam and fire protection directly to the source of the fire. The configuration of the corresponding machines is determined by the type base chassis and installing the add-on.

The vehicle can be built on a KamAZ chassis. The volume of the water tank is 6m3. The mass of fire extinguishing powder is 1000 kilograms. Pump capacity – 80l/s.

Airport cars. This technique is used to rescue crews and passengers of air transport, as well as to eliminate fires in air transport and the consequences of related accidents. Airfield vehicles are divided into two types:

launch vehicles located directly near the runways. An example of such equipment is the AA40(131) vehicle, based on the ZIL chassis;
the main vehicles located in the fire station. An example of such a car is the car model AA60 (7310), made on the basis of MAZ.

Also, airfield firefighting equipment can be mounted on a KamAZ chassis. The vehicle has a pump capacity of 40 liters per second. The volume of the water tank is 5m3. The mass of transported carbon dioxide is 50 kilograms.

Pumping stations. This technique is used to supply liquid through pipelines to mobile trunks or fire engines. Pumping stations are made on ZIL chassis, as well as on trailers. The pump capacity of such installations is 110 liters per second.

Special fire trucks

This group of vehicles includes the following vehicles:

Sleeve car. The equipment is used to transport a certain number of hoses to the fire site or to lay pipelines on the move. Vehicles are manufactured based on the ZIL chassis. The number of transported hoses depends on their diameter.

The speed of laying hoses in one line is 9 kilometers per hour.

Machines for organizing lighting and communication. The technique is used to illuminate the area near a burning object. In addition, the units make it possible to establish full communication between the work team and the central headquarters. An example of such a machine is the ASO12(66)90A unit. The generator power of special equipment is 12 kW. The set includes a radio station (portable stationary), a loudspeaker, a telephone, and a spotlight. The unit is mounted on a GAZ chassis.

Fire truck ladders. The devices are used to lift fire service personnel to upper floors. The classification of these machines is carried out taking into account the length of the ladder itself and the type of drive mechanism:

short staircase. Example - car AL18(52A)L2. Length – no more than 20 meters;
medium length staircase. Example - car AL30(131)L21. Length – up to 30 meters;
long staircase. Example - car AL45(257)PM109. Length – 30 meters or more.

Drives of aerial ladders can be electric, hydraulic, mechanical, or combined.

Auxiliary fire trucks

This group of fire engines includes cars, which are used to transport staff of headquarters and units. Also included here are cargo vehicles, often used to transport a variety of equipment, valuables and other things. In addition, auxiliary special equipment includes fuel trucks, mobile workshops, mobile laboratories, truck cranes, excavators and tractors, as well as other vehicles.

Article sent by: Ellada

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE FIRE SERVICE

FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

FIRE EQUIPMENT. VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS AND LIGHTING.

GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.

METHODS TESTS

NPB

FIRE MUNICATION AND LIGHTING TRUCK.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.TEST METHODS

Developed by the Federal State Institution “All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor” Research Institute of Fire Defense” (FGU VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) (,) and the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) ().

Introduced and prepared for approval by the Department of Fire Equipment and Weapons of the Main Directorate of State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Approved by order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated 01/01/01 No. 51.

Introduced for the first time.

1. AREA OF APPLICATION

1.1. These fire safety standards (hereinafter - the Norms) apply to newly developed or modernized fire communication and lighting vehicles (hereinafter - ASO), created on various automobile chassis, as well as on buses.

1.2. These standards apply at all stages of development, manufacturing and testing of ASO, as well as during certification in the Certification System fire safety.

2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in these NPBs.

2.1.Vehicle communication and lighting(hereinafter referred to as ASO) is a fire truck designed to deliver personnel, communications and lighting, and special equipment to the site of a fire (accident, catastrophe).

ASO can ensure the work of the fire extinguishing headquarters, being at the same time mobile power station, powering lighting units, operational communication equipment and special equipment.

2.2. Main parameter - one of the main (basic) parameters, characterized by stability with all technical improvements of the car, independence from its manufacturing technology and serves to determine the numerical values of other basic parameters.

2.3.Basic parameters- parameters characterizing the car according to its main functional purposes.

2.4.Basic chassis- automobile chassis, all-wheel drive or all-wheel drive, mass-produced, with modification of the body (interior) in order to adapt it for special work.

2.5.Salon- a closed space intended to accommodate combat crews, limited by the roof, floor, side walls (sides), doors, windows.

2.6.Emergency exit- an emergency door, an emergency window or an emergency hatch intended for use as an exit when it is impossible to use a regular exit point.

2.8.Main power supply is an electrical unit in which electrical energy is produced using an internal combustion engine.

2.9.External power supply is an additional power source with frequency and voltage characteristics similar to the main power source.

2.10.Isolated Neutral- neutral of a generator or transformer, not connected to a grounding device or connected to it through regulation, measurement, protection, alarm devices and other devices with high resistance.

2.11.Safety shutdown- fast-acting protection that provides automatic shutdown electrical installations if there is a danger of electric shock.

2.12.Electromagnetic compatibility- this is the ability of radio-electronic equipment (hereinafter referred to as RES) to simultaneously function in real conditions operation with the required quality when exposed to interference.

2.13.Noise immunity- the ability of RES to resist the interfering effect of certain interference.

2.14.Industrial interference - interference , generated by electrical machines , appliances or other electrical devices.

2.15.Vehicle curb weight- the mass of a fully filled (fuel, oils, coolant, etc.) firefighting communications and lighting vehicle, equipped with (spare wheel, tools), but without a driver, combat crew, communications and lighting equipment and fire-technical weapons (FTV).

2.16.Gross vehicle weight- the sum of the loaded weight of the ASO and the weight of the delivered combat crew, including the driver, communications and lighting equipment, equipment and anti-tank equipment.

2.17.Stationary radio station is a radio station designed to operate at fixed communication facilities.

2.18.Mobile radio station is a radio station designed for installation on moving objects and providing communication while driving and during stops.

2.19.Wearable radio- This is a radio station that has its own power source and is adapted for operation while being carried.

2.20.Portable radio- a portable radio station weighing no more than 1 kg.

2.21.Simplex mode- a mode of operation of a radio station in which transmission and reception are possible alternately in each of two directions at one or two different frequencies with automatic or manual switching between reception and transmission modes.

2.22.Duplex mode- a mode of operation of a radio station in which transmission and reception are possible simultaneously in both directions at two different frequencies.

2.23. The list of standards and other regulatory documents used in the NPB is given in Appendix 1.

3. NOTATION

3.1. The designation of a firefighting communications and lighting vehicle must have the following structure:

3.2. The main parameter of the ASO is the power value of the main power source (kW).

3.3. Examples of symbols.

Example 1: ASO-12(66)-90B XX.

A communication and lighting vehicle with a 12 kW generator, on a GAZ-66 chassis, model 90-B, XX.

Example 2: ASO-20(3205) XXX YUSYAI240 TU.

A communications and lighting vehicle with a 20 kW generator, on a PAZ-3205 chassis, manufactured in accordance with YUSYAI240.00.00.000 TU.

4. MAIN AND BASIC PARAMETERS

4.1. These standards establish the values of the main and basic parameters, as well as general technical requirements to ASO in accordance with section 1.

4.2. The main ASO parameter should be selected from the values given in Table 1.

Table 1

4.3. The values of the main ASO parameter, not presented in Table 1, are established by the regulatory and technical documentation for specific models.

4.4. The main parameters of ASO in accordance with the nomenclature of indicators of purpose and safety, as well as the properties they characterize, are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Indicator name	Indicator designation	Name of the characterized property
Total weight, kg		Material consumption
Chassis engine power, kW (hp)		Traction and speed capabilities
Power of the main power source, kW		Power ratio
Availability of protective switching devices, insulation monitoring devices, grounding		Electrical safety
Number of combat crew seats (including driver's seat)		Possibility of organizing a fire extinguishing operations center
Number of stationary radio stations, pcs.		Availability of operational communication channels
Transmitter output power, W
Communication range with similar radio stations, km
Number of portable radio stations, pcs.
Output power, W
Communication range, km
Power of loudspeaker installation, W		Soundization of combat areas
Stationary loudspeaker power, W
Output power of remote speaker, W
Number of stationary spotlights, pcs.		Light level
Number of portable spotlights, pcs.
Spotlight power, kW
Lifting height of the lighting mast with stationary spotlights from the ground surface, m		Tactical options
Mast drive type		Level of mechanization
Method of orienting floodlights on a mast
Angle of rotation of floodlights on the mast:
b) in the vertical plane, degrees		Tactical options
Number of telephone sets of the MB system, pcs.		Telephony level
Number of telephone sets of the Central Bank system, pcs.		Telephony level
Availability of computer technology		Level of efficiency
Electromagnetic compatibility		Ability of stable functioning of RES in a given electromagnetic environment
Noise immunity		Design excellence
Coefficient lateral stability		Sustainability
Ground clearance, mm		Patency
Overhang angle, degrees:
front

Minimum turning radius of the car, m

5. GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1. General requirements

5.1.1. The number of seats for the ASO combat crew, including the driver, is in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation for specific model.

5.1.2. The total mass of the ASO and axle loads must not exceed the values set by the chassis manufacturer, and the loads on the sides must not differ by more than 1%.

5.1.3. In terms of resistance to climatic influences, ASO must correspond to version U, UHL, placement category 1, for operation at temperatures environment from 233 to 313 K (from minus 40 to plus 40 ° C), operation in atmospheres of types 1 and 2, group of operating conditions 5 according to GOST 15150 with placement during the operational standby period according to GOST 12.4.009 (rooms with air temperature not lower than 10 ° C), unless otherwise provided by the requirements for a specific model.

5.1.4. Number and color of flashing beacons, special beep ASO - in accordance with GOST R 50574.

5.1.5. ASO must be equipped with fog lights and searchlights. One searchlight should be located on the driver's cab, the other on the rear of the body.

The front searchlight must be controlled from the cab, from the driver’s workplace.

Requirements for the placement and connection of fog lights are in accordance with GOST 25478.

5.1.6. The quantity and location of lighting and light signaling devices of all types of base chassis that have undergone modifications during the manufacture of ASO must comply with the requirements of GOST 6964, GOST 8769, GOST 10984, GOST 20961.

5.1.7. If necessary, the ASO must be provided with a system for shutting off the power steering, designed to prevent overheating of the oil in the power steering system and its failure during prolonged operation of the base chassis engine to drive the main power source.

5.1.8. The placement of combat crews and the mounting of equipment, equipment, ECS, PTV on the ASO must ensure the safety and efficiency of performing functional tasks during combat deployment, as well as during movement during maintenance and repair. The weight of individual packages of property intended to be carried manually during operation should not exceed 40 kg for one person.

5.1.9. Assemblies and parts with a configuration that is inconvenient for mooring and weighing more than 20 kg must have lifting elements (holes, grips, eyes, etc.).

5.1.10. The ASO design must provide convenient access to all assembly elements and assemblies requiring repair and maintenance. In this case, it must be possible to repair using the aggregate method (without preliminary dismantling and disassembling of adjacent units).

5.1.11. Lubricants for ASO units and assemblies should preferably be selected from those used to service the base chassis.

Friction units that require periodic restoration or addition of lubricant during operation must have devices (lubricators, etc.) that allow lubrication without disassembling or dismantling the unit or adjacent units.

5.1.12. The level of vibration at workplaces and on the floor of the combat crew cabin is in accordance with GOST 12.1.012.

5.1.13. The reliability of the ASO should be characterized by the gamma-percentage operating time (g = 80%) of the main power source generator and its drive before failure and be at least 150 hours.

5.1.14. In the cabin and interior of the ASO, with the windows, hatches and doors closed, the ventilation system must provide excess pressure and air exchange in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50993.

5.1.15. ASO is not intended for use in explosive atmospheres.

5.1.16. It is not allowed to carry out reconstruction in operating organizations (alteration or modification) of automatic equipment, which involves changing the quantity, nomenclature and (or) locations of equipment, equipment and fire and safety equipment, in the absence of appropriate regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

5.1.17. The overhang angles of the ASO must be no less than:

a) all-wheel drive chassis - front 20°, rear 15°;

b) all-wheel drive chassis - front 25°, rear 25°;

c) bus - depending on the class according to GOST 20774.

5.1.18. The lateral stability angle of the ASO with full weight must be at least 30°.

5.1.19. ASO must be equipped with:

a) spare wheel;

b) a set of driver's tools;

d) an emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST 24333 or a red light operating in flashing mode;

e) medical kit (container);

e) wheel chocks.

5.2. Components of aso

Communication and lighting vehicles must consist of the following main parts:

a) a base chassis with an additional transmission to drive the ESU;

b) driver's cabin;

c) salon;

e) radio communications and wired telephone communications;

f) sound recording and sound amplification equipment;

g) computer equipment;

h) stationary lighting mast.

5.3. Basic chassis requirements

5.3.1. When creating an ASO, it is allowed to use both all-wheel drive and part-wheel drive chassis, as well as bus chassis.

5.3.2. Chassis supplied for the manufacture of ASO must be certified and have other necessary accompanying documentation in accordance with the specifications for a specific chassis model.

5.3.3. The capacity of the fuel tank must provide an ASO cruising range of at least 400 km (in accordance with GOST 20306).

5.3.4. The location and design of fuel tank filler necks must be accessible only from outside the fuel tank.

Bus filler necks must be located at a distance of at least 50 cm from any doorway if fuel tank intended for gasoline, and at least 25 cm - if for diesel fuel.

The location of the filler neck openings must be such that there is no possibility of fuel getting into the engine or exhaust pipe when refueling.

5.3.5. When taking power to drive the main power source, the engine and additional ASO transmission must ensure continuous operation of the ESU in nominal mode for 6 hours over the entire range of operating conditions. In this case, the temperature of the oil in the engine, in the gearboxes and power take-off, as well as the temperature of the coolant in the engine cooling system must correspond to the values established in the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific chassis model.

5.3.6. The electrical system must have a battery disconnect switch installed (or a location provided for its installation).

5.3.7. Radio interference level - according to GOST 17822.

5.3.8. The location of the batteries must be protected from dirt and moisture, provide the possibility of insulation, as well as control of the level and density of the electrolyte in each battery. Batteries must be located outside the space intended for the combat crew and driver.

5.3.9. The environmental characteristics of the chassis must meet the requirements:

a) in terms of the level of external and internal noise in accordance with GOST 27435, GOST 27436, GOST 19358;

c) according to the opacity of the exhaust gases of the chassis with diesel engines- according to GOST 21393.

5.3.10. Throwing or leaking of lubricant, fuel, coolant, brake and other fluids from any unit, unit or through connections is not allowed.

5.3.11. To access equipment located on the roof of the ASO, a stationary ladder with handrails must be provided. The steps of the stairs must be at least 150 mm wide, the distance between steps must be no more than 300 mm. The steps of the stairs must have a surface that provides a stable position for the foot of the person climbing.

5.3.12. Roof areas intended for work must have a perimeter fence of at least 100 mm in height, as well as non-slip flooring.

5.3.14. Paint and varnish coatings external surfaces of the ASO must ensure that informative painting of the fire truck is applied to them in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50574.

5.3.15. The chassis design must provide for the possibility of transportation by ground transport in accordance with GOST 15150, GOST 2349.

5.3.16. The chassis must have places for reliable fastening during transportation, as well as the ability to install special devices for loading (unloading) on platforms.

5.3.17. The “Center of Gravity” manipulation sign ASO must be applied to the end surfaces in the delivered condition in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.4. Requirements for the driver's cabin

5.4.1. Cabin and workplace drivers must meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.032.

5.4.2. The ASO driver's workplace on a bus chassis must be isolated from the passenger compartment by a partition or have a fence.

5.4.3. Cabins of bus and truck chassis must be equipped with steps and handrails if the height of the lower edge of the doorway exceeds 650 mm from the level of the roadway.

5.4.4. The driver's workplace must be equipped with rear-view mirrors in accordance with GOST 13877, which must be installed outside and provide visibility of the road on both sides. Visibility from the driver's workplace must comply with the requirements of GOST 28070.

5.4.5. Buses must have an internal rear-view mirror, providing the driver with visibility into the combat crew's interior.

5.4.6. Truck chassis cabs must have at least two doors that open as the vehicle moves. Doors (regardless of chassis type) must have locking devices with external and internal control handles.

Internal locks must have a device that prevents them from opening spontaneously while moving. The handles of locking mechanisms must have a safety shape. Requirements for door locks and hinges are in accordance with GOST 28443.

5.4.7. Doors must have devices that lock them in closed and open (at least 75°) positions.

5.4.8. Doors must be equipped with roll-down or sliding glass that can be locked in any intermediate position.

5.4.9. The width of the driver's working space must be at least 800 mm.

5.4.10. The cabin, designed to accommodate the driver and members of the combat crew, must have an internal width of at least 1700 mm, and the width of the seats for each person sitting next to the driver must be at least 450 mm.

5.4.11. The driver's seat must be sprung. The suspension must be adjustable depending on the driver's weight.

5.4.12. At the ASO driver's workplace, the instrument cluster must include a light indication of the position of the lighting mast.

5.4.13. The necessary signs and (or) diagrams explaining the procedure for using the landing gear controls must be placed in the cockpit.

5.4.14. The level of illumination at the ASO driver’s workplace in accordance with SNiP must be at least 30 lux at a level of 1 m from the floor.

5.5. Requirements for the combat crew cabin

5.5.1. The ASO salon must be a spatial structure that provides the possibility of prompt landing and disembarkation, the convenience and safety of accommodating combat crews, as well as the installation of the necessary equipment and equipment, their maintenance and dismantling.

5.5.2. The ASO salon should consist of two compartments: a compartment for radio operators and a compartment for radiotelephone operators.

5.5.3. The compartments of the passenger compartment (when using a bus chassis) can be separated from each other by a partition.

5.5.4. The design and dimensions of the cabin compartments must ensure the installation of the necessary equipment and equipment, the possibility of their maintenance and dismantling, as well as the organization of the required number of workplaces, based on the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific ASO model.

5.5.5. Ergonomic indicators of workplace organization must comply with GOST 12.2.032.

5.5.6. The level of internal noise in the ASO cabin during operation of the ESU (in accordance with GOST 27435), the noise level in the workplace (in accordance with GOST 27436 and GOST 12.1.003) should not exceed 82 dB.

5.5.7. The level of illumination in the cabin aisle is at least 20 lux, on the steps and steps at their surface level is at least 10 lux, on the front surfaces of electrical panels, ESU control panels and other devices and equipment is 100 lux.

5.5.8. The fastening of assembly units and parts must prevent their spontaneous movement during movement.

5.5.9. The layout of equipment and equipment must ensure the efficiency of combat deployment of the ADF. In this case, the layout components must provide a load on the steered axle of at least 25% of total weight, and the loads on the wheels of the right and left sides must be equal with a permissible deviation of ± 1% of the total weight.

5.5.10. When placing transported equipment and equipment, you must be guided by the following principles:

a) functional application, which involves grouping equipment according to its functions;

b) frequency of use - the most used elements of equipment should be located in the most convenient places.

5.5.11. Drawers for storing equipment and documentation must be made with locking devices and can be opened and closed with one hand.

5.5.12. If necessary, to remove equipment (in particular, a portable electrical unit) from the ASO compartments, provide retractable ramps, ladders, etc.

5.5.13. The number, location, types and sizes of interior doors of the ASO base chassis - in accordance with GOST 27815 (for van bodies - in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific model).

5.5.14. The combat crew cabin doors on bus chassis must be controlled from the driver's seat using a remote drive. The action of the remote drive of each door must be duplicated by a device located inside the passenger compartment in a visible and accessible place, close to the door that it controls.

5.5.15. The combat crew cabin doors that do not have a remote drive must be equipped with a locking device that prevents them from opening accidentally. ASO on all types of bus and truck chassis must be equipped with a device that signals the driver about the position of the doors.

5.5.16. ASO on a bus chassis must have at least two emergency exits on each side and, in addition, at least one emergency hatch in the roof - for an overall length of the bus up to 7.5 m inclusive, and two hatches in the roof - for a larger overall length.

5.5.17. The emergency (spare) door must meet the following requirements:

a) clear width of at least 550 mm;

b) height not less than 1250 mm;

c) the door must have handles for opening from the inside and outside;

d) the external handle should be installed at a height of no more than 1800 mm from the road surface;

e) the emergency door must open outward and have only one leaf.

5.5.18. Access to the emergency door must not be blocked by any equipment.

5.5.19. Escape hatches must be of the sliding or swing type. Escape hatches must be easy to open from both the inside and outside. The design of emergency hatches should not impede free access to or from the interior of the ASO.

5.5.20. Windows must be equipped with light-protective devices (curtains, blinds).

5.5.21. For interior decoration(upholstery) of the walls and ceiling, the interior of the ASO combat crew, a smooth, light-resistant material must be used that can be wet cleaned and treated with disinfectants. The upholstery fastening must not have protruding parts or sharp edges. The interior floor, steps and steps must be covered with moisture-resistant and wear-resistant material.

5.5.22. The floor covering should be extended onto the walls of the cabin to a height of 150-200 mm with curves at the transition points from the floor to the walls and allow washing with water.

5.5.23. The ASO heating system must comply with the requirements of GOST 50993 and ensure that the temperature in the cabin is maintained at least 15 ° C throughout the entire range of operating conditions. The heating system must be controlled from the driver's seat.

5.5.24. The outer surfaces of the heating system elements located in the ASO cabin should not have a temperature above 70 ° C.

5.5.25. The design of windows and hatches must allow for changes in ventilation efficiency. Openings for supplying outside air for ventilation into the ASO interior must be located at least 1.5 m from the road surface.

5.5.26. The maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air environment of the ASO cabin must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.

6. REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRIC POWER INSTALLATIONS

6.1. ESU design requirements

6.1.1. The design of the ECS of communication and lighting vehicles must provide for the possibility of access to control and maintenance elements during operation, to elements requiring inspection and adjustment, as well as ease of installation and dismantling.

6.1.2. ECS containing batteries must be equipped with devices for automatically recharging batteries.

6.1.3. ESUs with a power of 8 kW and above must have hour meters installed.

6.1.4. In the control compartments of ASO body (salon) versions, a workplace for the operator should be provided.

6.1.5. ASO ECS must operate with an inclination relative to a horizontal surface of up to 10°.

6.1.6. The capacity of ASO consumable fuel tanks must ensure that the power supply can operate for at least 6 hours at rated load without refueling.

Hose fire trucks (AR) – specific special vehicles. They are equipped with a large number of fire pressure hoses with a diameter of 77, 110 or 150 mm. The total length of the branches reaches 2000 – 5000 m.

APs are designed to supply large amounts of water over long distances, i.e. they are used only when extinguishing large fires. They are used only in conjunction with fire (or other) pumping stations or tank trucks.

The specifics of the AR application determine a number of special requirements. First of all, they must be built on all-wheel drive chassis that allow hose lines to be laid while moving. ARs are equipped with devices for rolling up hoses and loading them into the car body. Rolled hoses can be transported in the body or on the roof of the AR. To protect the sleeves in the body, special ventilation is provided under the body floor. It is possible to ventilate the body through one of its windows.

The general view of AR-2(131) mod.133 is shown in Fig. 9.4(AR-2(131) mod. 133: (1 – cabin; 2 – monitor; 3 – basket; 4 – body; 5 – hose roll loading mechanism; 6 – compartments with PTV; 7 – gas siren; 8 – sleeve rolling mechanism). A winch is installed on the car’s bumper, designed to assist cars stuck on the road and push itself out. The winch consumes power of about 22 kW. It is driven from the power take-off using two. cardan shafts and intermediate support. From the winch drum shaft the drive is carried out to special mechanism for rolling sleeves into rolls. At the same time, using two removable devices 8 (on both sides of the car), two sleeves are rolled up.

Behind the driver's three-seater cabin 1, a monitor 2 is installed. The supply pipeline to it is routed to right side and closed with a plug. Thus, after laying the hose line, a fire monitor can be used to extinguish the fire. On some ARs, the monitors are portable.

On the roof of the body 4, folding handrails form a basket 3, in which part of the fire hoses can be transported after a fire.

To store PTV in the body, there are drawers in compartment 6. Two drawers are also located in the rear part of the body. The rear body is closed with double doors. The doors of the rear drawers in the open position form a platform for storing sleeves and lifting them into the body.

The body is equipped with quick-release racks that form vertical symmetrical sections for laying hoses.

The sleeves are connected and laid in sections with a snake. When moving AR and open doors Installation of hose lines is easy.

Ventilation of the hoses placed in the body is carried out through four special openings in the floor, closed with covers, as well as through a doorway or roof hatch.

The AR is equipped with a device 5 for loading the hose rolls into the body and a gas siren 7.

The AR is equipped with various equipment and tools. These include: sleeve clamps, a spotlight, coils for it and a tripod, a blowtorch and other equipment. All equipment and tools are located in the driver's cabin, in boxes 6 of the body.

Currently, GPS systems can be used in service various models AR.

* For the AR-2(43114) model, the differences from the AR-2(4310) are indicated (in the denominator).

The most common are ASO-8(66), two modifications of ASO-12 (PAZ-672) and ASO-12(66) mod.90A. The number of combat crews on them is 6, 8 and 5 people, respectively.

The machines are equipped with alternating current generators of various powers from 8 to 20 kW with a frequency of 50 Hz. Only on the ASO-8 the generator produces a current of 400 V instead of 230 V on other machines.

ACOs are equipped with stationary and portable radio stations, as well as telephones. Their number and range of action are indicated in the table. 10.4.

Each ASO is equipped with loudspeaking units and reels with main cable on stationary and remote reels.

Power supplies. To power energy consumers, the ASO has a generator and a diesel power plant.

Generator GT40PCh6-2S. At 6000 rpm it develops a power of 20 kW at a voltage of 220 V. The current is 15 A and its frequency is (400 ± 8) Hz. It is driven from the chassis engine of the base vehicle via a PTO and a cardan shaft.

The ASO-20 has a voltage converter 220 V 400 Hz to 220 V 50 Hz.

Diesel power plant AD-4-230-VM1 is a backup power source for supplying voltage 220 V 50 Hz in case of failure of the main electrical installation.

Additional 12 or 24 V batteries are designed to power the control circuits of the product circuit and communication equipment.

To recharge the batteries at the ASO, a power source IP-220/12 is used, connected to a 220 V 50 Hz network and rectifying D.C. 12 V.

Electric lighting of the fire site. It is carried out by six IO-02-1500-02 floodlights. Two of them are installed on a floodlight platform on the roof of the car and can be raised to a height of 8 m above ground level. Using a special electric mechanism, the mast can be rotated in the horizontal plane by an angle of ±260°, and in the vertical plane by an angle of ±30°. Four spotlights can be removed from the passenger compartment and connected to the vehicle's power panel using cables.

The spotlights are powered by alternating current voltage 200 V, frequency 400 Hz. The power consumed by one generator is 1.5 kW.

ASO-20 is equipped with powerful radio and telephone communications. The number of devices installed on the vehicle and their range of action are given in table. 10.5.

Additional equipment consists of a number of devices. Fog lights FG-119 installed on front bumper ASO. They are intended for use when driving ASO during fog.

Finder lights FG-16K are designed to illuminate the work area at night. One of them is installed above the driver’s cabin, and the second is on the rear wall of the ASO.

The ASO-20 has a universal tool kit UKI-12. It is designed for opening and dismantling building structures in a fire. It includes cutters, crowbars for various purposes, hooks, etc. (total 10 items).

ASO-20 in GPS units can be equipped with various power tools, electric cutters, electric saws, smoke exhausters, etc. with electric motors with a voltage of 220 V and a frequency of 400 Hz.

Cable reels. Stationary cable reel with a main cable for powering remote spotlights located at a distance of up to 96 m from the ASO.

During combat deployment, distribution boxes (KB) are connected to the cables, from which consumers are powered.

When the generator is operating, the ASO must be grounded. The copper grounding wire has a length of 20 m and a cross-section of 10 mm 2.

Schematic diagram combat deployment is presented at
rice. 10.9. Other options are also possible. In this case, two requirements must be met. Firstly, the total power of all consumers should not exceed the power of the generator. Secondly, the load distribution along the lines on the output shield must be uniform and not exceed 6 kW when the floodlights on the mast are turned on.

PA repair.

Repair is a set of operations to restore the working condition of fire trucks and ensure their trouble-free operation.

It can be performed on demand or after a certain mileage.

Repairs associated with disassembling or replacing units and components should, as a rule, be carried out based on the results of preliminary diagnostics.

In accordance with the purpose and nature of the work performed, fire truck repairs are divided into the following types:

· for cars: current, medium and capital;

· for units: current and capital.

Fire truck repair

Routine repair of a fire truck is carried out to ensure operational condition by restoring or replacing individual units (including one main one), assemblies and parts (except for basic ones), as well as carrying out the necessary adjustment, fastening, welding, plumbing, mechanical and other repair work.

Current repair of the unit consists of its partial disassembly, replacement or repair of individual worn and damaged mechanisms, parts (except for basic ones) and carrying out the necessary adjustment, fastening and other repair work.

Current repairs of a fire truck or individual unit are carried out according to the needs identified during operation (at the request of drivers) or during control inspections.

Current repairs must ensure trouble-free operation of the repaired units, components and parts until the next maintenance-2.

The average repair of a fire truck is intended to restore working condition by performing more complex and labor-intensive operations.

This usually involves replacing an engine that requires major repairs, repairing or replacing individual units (including two to four main ones), painting the body and carrying out other repair work.

Overhaul of a fire truck consists of its complete disassembly, replacement or overhaul of most units, mechanisms, instruments and worn parts, assembly and testing of the vehicle in accordance with the technical specifications for major repairs.

Overhaul of a fire truck is prescribed if:

· the body, cabin, tank, fire pump and at least two main units of the base chassis require major repairs;

· its technical condition, assessed based on diagnostic results, is unsatisfactory (a decrease in dynamic qualities, power, an increase in consumption was established fuels and lubricants and spare parts).

Repair of fire truck units

The unit is sent for major repairs if:

· basic and major parts require repairs with complete disassembly unit;

· the operability of the unit cannot be restored or its restoration is not economically feasible during routine repairs.

The main repair method is the aggregate method, in which faulty units and mechanisms on the vehicle being repaired are replaced with new or repaired ones taken from the working capital.

The aggregate method is used in cases where the labor intensity of troubleshooting work exceeds the labor intensity of removing the unit requiring repair and installing a repaired or new unit.

In the absence of a revolving fund, it is allowed to use an individual repair method, in which the faulty unit is removed, repaired and installed on the same car. The parts of the unit being repaired are not anonymized and are installed on the same unit.

The need for major or medium repairs is determined by a commission consisting of representatives of the department (department, group) of fire fighting equipment and communications of the GUGPS, UGPS, vehicle division, the head of the department from which the car is presented, the senior driver (driver).

The delivery of a fire truck for repair is documented by a delivery certificate.

If a fire truck breaks down, an official investigation is ordered to establish the causes and take action against those responsible.

The technical condition of the fire truck, units or components submitted for major repairs, and the quality of its implementation must comply with the requirements of regulatory documentation for major repairs.

Planning for repairs of fire trucks is carried out by the department (department, group) of fire fighting equipment and communications of the Main Directorate of State Fire Service, UGPS. At the same time, their number and labor costs are planned.

The schedule for repairs of vehicles and units is drawn up one month before the start of the planned year, signed by the head of the department (department, group) of fire fighting equipment and communications, and approved by the head of the GUGPS, UGPS.

It is allowed to draw up a unified maintenance and repair schedule.

Extracts from the schedule are sent to the departments whose vehicles are subject to repair.

Before developing a repair schedule, it is necessary to prepare data on mileage, time of last repair or maintenance, and technical condition of the fire truck.

Adjustment of mileage standards before major repairs of fire trucks is carried out depending on operating conditions.

A fire truck is sent to a detachment (unit, post) for repairs. technical service according to the annual schedule. A delivery (delivery) certificate is drawn up for the fire truck.

Vehicles (units) submitted for repair to the vehicle department, in terms of their technical condition and completeness, must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for vehicle repairs.

It is prohibited to dismantle fire trucks (units) or replace their components and parts with unusable ones.

Fire trucks submitted for major repairs, regardless of the delivery method, must be in a condition that allows them to move under their own power (except for emergency ones), provided that their technical condition ensures traffic safety.

For non-compliance technical condition and incompleteness of machines (units) submitted for repairs to the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, as well as for untimely delivery, is the responsibility of the head of the department.

The downtime of a fire truck during an average repair should not exceed 30 calendar days, and during a major repair - 60 days. If the vehicle (unit) is not delivered to the customer within the established period, the head of the detachment (unit, post) of the technical service reports this to the department (department, group) of fire fighting equipment and communications equipment of the Main Directorate for Firefighting, UGPS for making a decision.

A repaired fire truck is subjected to diagnostics (if there is a diagnostic station) or tests:

· car - mileage 2 - 5 km;

· unit - work lasting 0.5 hours.

After repair, the fire truck is received by the head of the unit and the senior driver (driver) according to the delivery certificate.

The release of the vehicle (unit) from repair is carried out according to the certificate of delivery (issue) of the fire truck (unit). When replacing license plate units during the repair process, their numbers are indicated in the vehicle delivery (issue) certificate, on the basis of which the traffic police makes changes to the registration documents.

A corresponding entry about the maintenance and repair of the vehicle is made in its form, which is certified by the signature of the head of the vehicle department and a seal.

The vehicle department fills up the issued vehicle. lubricants And special liquids according to established standards.

The head of the TS department is responsible for the quality of work performed on maintenance and repairs.

Before being placed on combat duty, a fire truck must be run-in:

· after major overhaul - 400 km mileage and operation of special units for 2 hours;

after secondary and current repairs(with replacement or major repairs one of the main units) - a range of 150 km and operation of a special unit for up to 2 hours.