Reservoirs and tanks are used to transport and store various types of fuels, oil, water and gas, some building materials, chemicals, and foodstuffs. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of a container, because they can have a different geometric shape:

• Cone;
• cylinder;
• Spheres;
• Rectangular parallelepiped.

In our article, we will get acquainted with the nuances of the calculation for specific geometric bodies.

How to find out the volume of a rectangular container

In the field of construction, all volume indicators are reduced to specific values. Calculations can be made in liters or dm 3 , but most often cubic meters are used to determine the amount of a material. How to calculate the cubature of the simplest rectangular containers will be described further with a specific example.

For work, we need a container, a construction tape measure and a notebook with a pen or pencil for calculations. From the course of geometry it is known that the volume of such bodies is calculated by multiplying the length, width and height of the product. The calculation formula is as follows

V=a*b*c, where a, b and c are the sides of the container.

For example, the length of our product is 150 centimeters, the width is 80 centimeters, and the height is 50 centimeters. For the correct calculation of the cubature, we translate the indicated values ​​into meters and carry out the necessary calculations V = 1.5 * 0.8 * 0.5 = 0.6 m3.

How to determine the volume of a spherical product

Spherical products are found in our lives almost every day. It can be a bearing element, a soccer ball or the writing part of a ballpoint pen. In some cases, we need to know how to calculate the cubature of a sphere to determine the amount of liquid in it.

According to experts, to calculate the volume of this figure, the formula is used V=4/3ԉr3, where:

• V is the calculated volume of the part;
• R is the radius of the sphere;
• ԉ is a constant value equal to 3.14.

To carry out the necessary calculations, we need to take a tape measure, fix the beginning of the measuring scale and measure it, and the tape tape must pass along the equator of the ball. After that, the diameter of the part is found out by dividing the size by the number ԉ.

And now let's get acquainted with a specific example of calculating for a sphere if its circumference is 2.5 meters. First, we determine the diameter of 2.5 / 3.14 \u003d 0.8 meters. Now we substitute this value into the formula:

V= (4*3.14*0.8³)/3=2.14m³

How to calculate the volume of a tank made in the form of a cylinder

Similar geometric shapes are used for food storage, fuel transportation and other purposes. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of water, but we will describe the main nuances of such a process later in our article.

The height of the liquid in a cylindrical container is determined by a special device called a measuring rod. In this case, the capacity of the tank is calculated according to special tables. Products with special tables for measuring volume are rare in life, so let's approach the solution of the problem in a different way and describe how to calculate the volume of a cylinder using a special formula - V \u003d S * L, where

• V is the volume of the geometric body;
• S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the product in specific units of measurement (m³);
• L is the length of the tank.

The L indicator can be measured using the same tape measure, but the cross-sectional area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cylinder will have to be calculated. The S index is calculated by the formula S=3.14*d*d/4, where d is the diameter of the cylinder circumference.

Now let's take a look at a specific example. Let's say the length of our tank is 5 meters, its diameter is 2.8 meters. First, we calculate the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the geometric figure S = 3.14 * 2.8 * 2.8 / 4 = 6.15m. And now you can start calculating the volume of the tank 6.15 * 5 = 30.75 m³.

How many full liters does the Renault Logan fuel tank hold? This question is asked by many potential buyers of this car, and in fact, it is not unimportant. After all, when this question is clear, you can easily calculate how much the car will travel without refueling on one tank.

On the video you can learn how to see the exact amount of gasoline in liters in the fuel tank.

After reading this article, you will find out not only what the real tank volume is for Renault Logan, but also about what fuel consumption per 100 kilometers Renault Logan has.

A few words about the car

Guided by the manufacturer's manual, you can find out that the fuel tank on the Renault Logan is 50 liters, but in fact it can hold a little more

This is due to the fact that when the fuel is heated, the volume of fuel can increase, so the fuel from the filling station is always cool.

Most motorists know that it is not recommended to fill the fuel up to the throat and proceed from the rule that 5% of the full capacity is taken from the full volume of the fuel tank, thereby obtaining 48-49 liters of valuable fuel. But sometimes, when there is not a single gas station in the next 350-450 kilometers, you have to make exceptions to such rules. Therefore, if you pour 52 liters of fuel into a 50-liter tank, nothing critical will happen.

Remember that fuel heating occurs not only from ambient temperature, but also from cleanliness engine compartment and duration of continuous operation.

Why fit more than the norm?

Strict number - 50,

in the Renault Logan passport, it does not say that if this value is exceeded, the fuel will spill over the edge, but only warns of its maximum allowable amount.

The vast majority of foreign car manufacturers deliberately create a reserve of free space in the gas tank. Remember that there is excess fuel in fuel line And .

Free space in the gas tank will only benefit the motorist. So, the owner of Renault Logan can count on a long trip without refueling, because the fuel will run out only after 450-500 kilometers.

Logan drivers for traveling long distances prefer to fill the gas tank of the car “up to the throat” rather than taking additional canisters with them on the road. Complaining about the fact that a car with high efficiency and a variety of canisters and fuel tanks become absolutely useless on the road.

What to fill in the tank?

You can find out what fuel to fill in on the gas tank cap or in the vehicle operating instructions.

All the necessary information is indicated on the gas tank cap.

The official dealer adheres to his position and recommends AI-92 for refueling.

Consumption

If you believe the passport data of the car, then the fuel consumption, depending on the engine size, shows the following values:

• in the urban cycle - from 9.1 to 10 liters.
• on the highway - from 5.4 to 5.7 liters.
• in the combined cycle - from 6.7 to 7.2 liters.

However, it must be remembered that the final fuel consumption depends on many secondary indicators, such as: passenger compartment load, road surface quality, driving habits, air conditioning and various auxiliary devices. But in any case, fuel consumption on a 1.6-liter engine will not rise above 10.5 liters per 100 kilometers.

With help online calculator You will be able to correctly calculate the volume of the container type: cylinder, barrel, tank or the volume of liquid in any other horizontal cylindrical container.

Determine the amount of liquid in an incomplete cylindrical tank

All parameters are indicated in millimeters

L- Barrel height.

H— Liquid level.

D- Tank diameter.

Our program will calculate the amount of liquid in the tank online, determine the surface area, free and total cubic capacity.

The determination of the main parameters of the cubature of tanks (for example, a conventional barrel or tank) should be made based on the geometric method for calculating the capacity of the cylinders. In contrast to the methods of calibrating the capacity, where the volume calculation is performed in the form of real measurements of the amount of liquid by means of a measuring ruler (according to the readings of the meter rod).

V=S*L is the formula for calculating the volume of a cylindrical tank, where:

L is the length of the body.

S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tank.

According to the results obtained, capacity calibration tables are created, which are also called calibration tables, and allow you to determine the weight of the liquid in the tank by specific gravity and volume. These parameters will depend on the filling level of the tank, which can be measured using a measuring rod.

Our online calculator provides the ability to calculate the capacity of horizontal and vertical tanks using a geometric formula. You can find out the useful capacity of the tank more accurately if you correctly determine all the main parameters that are listed above and are included in the calculation.

How to correctly define master data

Determine the lengthL

Using an ordinary tape measure, you can measure the length L of a cylindrical tank with a non-flat bottom. To do this, you need to measure the distance between the crossing lines of the bottom with the cylindrical body of the tank. In the case when a horizontal tank has a flat bottom, then in order to determine the size L, it is enough to measure the length of the tank along the outer side (from one edge of the tank to the other), and subtract the bottom thickness from the result.

Determine the diameter D

The easiest way is to determine the diameter D of a cylindrical barrel. To do this, it is enough to measure the distance between any two extreme points of the lid or edge using a tape measure.

If it is difficult to correctly calculate the diameter of the container, then in this case you can use the measurement of the circumference. To do this, using a regular tape measure, we wrap around the entire tank around the circumference. To correctly calculate the circumference, two measurements are made in each section of the tank. To do this, the surface to be measured must be clean. Having learned the average circumference of our container - Lokr, we proceed to determine the diameter using the following formula:

This method is the simplest, since the measurement of the tank diameter is often accompanied by a number of difficulties associated with the accumulation of various types of equipment on the surface.

Important! It is best to measure the diameter in three different sections of the container, and then calculate the average value. Since often, these data can differ significantly.

The averaged values ​​after three measurements allow minimizing the error in calculating the volume of a cylindrical tank. As a rule, the used storage tanks undergo deformation during operation, may lose strength, decrease in size, which leads to a decrease in the amount of liquid inside.

Determine the levelH

To determine the liquid level, in our case it is H, we need a meter rod. With this measuring element, which is lowered to the bottom of the tank, we can accurately determine the parameter H. But these calculations will be correct for tanks with a flat bottom.

As a result of calculating the online calculator, we get:

• Free volume in liters;
• The amount of liquid in liters;
• Volume of liquid in liters;
• The total area of ​​the tank in m²;
• Bottom area in m²;
• Side surface area in m².

Each car has its own There is no specific standard for the volume parameter that all car manufacturers would adhere to. Let's see what are the capacities of fuel tanks different type, we define the features and arrangement of these elements.

How manufacturers calculate

It is believed that a car must have enough fuel so that it can travel 500 kilometers on one gas station. This unspoken rule, which is followed by many automakers. Therefore, the capacity of the fuel tank will be different for cars with high and low fuel consumption.

On average, the fuel tank holds 55-70 liters of gasoline, however, due to the reduced fuel consumption of small engines, there is a tendency to reduce the capacity of the fuel tank. This is logical, because a passenger car with a small engine displacement needs much less fuel in order to travel 500 km. In addition, the efficiency of the fuel itself is growing due to an increase in the octane number and the use of various additives, which also implies savings and a decrease in tank capacity. A big jeep with a voracious engine will "eat" much more gasoline, therefore, its fuel tank should be more capacious.

As for diesel, the fuel tank of cars that use diesel is often smaller compared to gasoline cars. This is logical, since the efficiency diesel fuel higher than the efficiency of gasoline. Therefore, a car with a 40-litre tank full of diesel fuel will travel the same distance as a car with a full 50-litre tank. But this is too rough a comparison.

Fuel tanks of passenger cars

In order to roughly understand the numbers, you need to refer to technical parameters cars. The new "Lada Vesta" of the Russian concern "AvtoVAZ" is equipped with a tank with a capacity of 55 liters. This is a fairly high figure, and the closest competitors - Kia Rio and Hyundai Solaris - are equipped with 43-liter tanks. The fuel consumption of these cars is approximately the same, which means that the Lada will travel a longer distance on a full tank, which is one of the advantages.

The larger Volkswagen Tiguan is equipped with a 58-64 liter tank (depending on the specific modification), and such huge machines like Toyota Land cruiser, with high fuel consumption, have 93-liter tanks.

As for the size, everything is much more complicated with this. Some manufacturers make rectangular tanks that can be approximately 60x40x20 cm. There are tanks with completely different dimensions, and some manufacturers adapt these fuel containers to fit into the design. Their size cannot be described by three or four parameters.

Truck tank capacities

As for trucks, the KamAZ car is popular, the fuel tank of which, depending on the model, can have a different volume. The smallest capacity is 125 liters. However, due to the high fuel consumption, KamAZ is not able to travel a long distance (and even with a load) on such a tank, so the manufacturer has provided for other containers that are used on this vehicle. Thus, a KamAZ fuel tank can have a capacity of 125 to 600 liters in increments of 50 or 40 liters.

There may also be non-standard modifications of tanks for 700 liters. The fact is that not only the manufacturing plant manufactures fuel tanks, third-party manufacturers can also do this. In general, there is little chance of finding products from the KamAZ plant on the market, most often there are tanks from third-party manufacturers.

The second popular truck is the GAZelle. Though this machine is a cargo, GAZelle fuel tank holds only 60 liters of gasoline. And this is very inconvenient, given that the fuel consumption of the car is quite large. Therefore, when driving long distances, you have to take additional canisters of fuel with you.

Some owners of these cars change the old, small tank for a new one. Third-party manufacturers produce fuel tanks for the GAZelle with a capacity of up to 150 liters.

All this allows us to conclude that the fuel tank is a variable, not a constant value, and for different cars she is different. Even two identical models can use completely different fuel containers with different capacities.

Huge trucks like SCANIA 113 have tanks for 450-500 liters. The XF can have an 870-litre fuel tank, while the heavy-duty F90 has a 1,260-litre tank. It's just incredibly large capacity, and the small 45-liter tanks of passenger cars look ridiculous against their background.

Fuel tank device

Now that we understand how many liters a fuel tank can hold gasoline, we can talk about its design. On passenger cars, it is placed in the rear of the body, under the passenger seats. At the same time, it is covered with a strong metal plate to avoid deformation during a collision, and is also insulated from overheating using special heat-insulating gaskets.

Material

Tanks can be made of metal, aluminum, plastic. Aluminum tanks are used to store diesel and gasoline fuel, steel - for gas. As for plastic tanks, they have become very popular in recent times due to the ease of production and molding. Due to the peculiarities of plastic to quickly acquire the desired shape, manufacturers create tanks of various design difficulties. In addition, this material is not subject to corrosion, well protects against leaks due to the use of different technologies (coating the inner surface with fluorine is one of them).

Fuel filler neck

The tank is filled through the neck, which is most often located above the rear wing of the right or left side. The experts explain that the left side is ideal from the point of view of safety of the fuel filler neck, since when refueling it reduces the chances of starting off before the filling nozzle is removed from the tank. So the driver has better control over the process.

The neck is connected to the tank through a pipeline, and it is located under a special cap of the fuel tank neck. This cover on older cars opens from the outside (that is, any passer-by can open it), but on modern cars, the cover opens from the passenger compartment. Most commonly used mechanical way rope opening.

fuel line

The supply of gasoline or diesel fuel to the engine power system is carried out through the output fuel line. A fuel pump is also used for this, which pumps gasoline from the tank into the engine power system. Fuel not consumed by the engine is returned to the tank. So gasoline constantly circulates through the fuel line: part of it is spent on the operation of the engine, and the second is returned back.

Level control sensor

This sensor is in all tanks and is part of the fuel pump. If the gasoline level goes down, the float goes down. This entails changing the resistance of the potentiometer connected to the float. As a result, the voltage in the mains drops, and the arrow on dashboard displays the change. So the driver sees how much gasoline is left in the tank.

Ventilation

One of important systems- ventilation. The fact is that in the tank you must always maintain a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure, and ventilation is responsible for this. Modern machines equipped with a closed tank ventilation system, which prevents a drop or increase in pressure inside it. If the pressure inside the tank drops, then it can deform, and an increase in pressure in general can tear the tank apart. Given that there is fuel inside, implementations effective system ventilation is given much attention.

When the fuel leaves the tank, the pressure in it drops, resulting in a vacuum. Thanks to the ventilation system, this effect is eliminated: the safety valve lets air in. This valve is located at the neck cover, and it can only pass air in one direction.

When refueling, excess air enters the tank, which causes gasoline vapors to form. These excesses are forced out by the ventilation system through a special pipeline. Gasoline vapors can also form at elevated temperatures, which also leads to an increase in pressure. And only the ventilation system saves the tank from its complete rupture into pieces.

Conclusion

The fuel tank of a car is a rather complex structure. Despite the apparent simplicity of the device, many different processes occur in the tank (evaporation, fuel oxidation), which must be taken into account when developing these tanks. But if we compare the tank device with a motor, or at least with a power system, then it will seem primitive.

Now you know how the fuel tank works, what is its volume in cars and trucks, as well as why it is so small in small cars. Against the background of all this, the tendency to reduce the capacity of the tank in modern

It would seem that there can be nothing tricky inside the fuel tank - after all, it is just a container for gasoline or diesel fuel, perhaps especially durable and resistant to hydrocarbons. But it seems so only at first glance

The fuel tank has a shape determined by the design of the vehicle. Often it, being a single volume, is, in fact, two connected containers. For what? The fuel supply is a significant load for a car, approximately equal to the weight of one passenger, which is a lot. Of course, this "passenger" is modest in urban minicars: their tanks have a volume of 35-40 liters. For mid-size sedans and hatchbacks, the tank capacity is 45-60 liters, for heavy SUVs - 75-90 liters, for commercial vans- 90-120 liters, and for mainline tractors - already 300-600 liters.

Half full or empty?

Tank placement is a challenging task for engineers. After all, you have to take into account the load on the car, which, when refueling under a traffic jam, can fall on one side. You have to somehow divide the tank, turning it into a kind of butterfly in shape. Well, or positioned so that even when fully refueled, other devices compensate for the load on one of the sides. When choosing the location of the tank, the risk of damage in a collision is also taken into account.

The capacity of the tank is a conditional value, it is impossible to fill it up to the stop, there will be some air left in it. When the car rolls, fuel can overflow from side to side, and this is fraught with a dangerous situation. We all know from the theoretical course of a driving school which of the tankers is more prone to capsizing: filled to the top or half empty. A significant mass of fuel, moving inside the tank, can also upset the balance of the machine. How do they deal with it? Partitions are made inside the tank to prevent overflow - their dimensions and location are carefully calculated.

Each tank is equipped with a ventilation system. In the heat, the fuel tends to evaporate, and the increased vapor pressure can even break the tank. And when gasoline or diesel fuel is produced, the pressure in the tank drops - it can flatten. The ventilation system not only prevents this, but also traps fuel vapors, preventing them from escaping into the atmosphere. Special valve prevents fuel spillage when the vehicle rolls over or leans heavily.

In modern tanks, as a rule, an electric fuel pump module is also built in. Important to remember: pumps for modern systems car power supplies do not like to work “dry”, because of this they quickly fail. Therefore, do not let the fuel run out completely, try to refuel as soon as the reserve light comes on, because fuel pump It's not cheap, and the cost of replacing it...

Do you smell?

In most cases, access to the pump module is possible from the passenger compartment passenger car(often with removed or raised back seat). But it happens that you have to remove the entire tank from the car, and this is almost impossible without a lift or a garage pit. However, sometimes the pump works properly, but the tank still needs to be dismantled due to damage. How so, you ask, because it is very durable? It's true, but ... A bad head can break even more.

In my practice, there were three significant cases. In the first, the owner of the “middle-aged” already foreign car complained about the rattle from under the bottom while driving. It seemed to her that the muffler sagged and touched the asphalt. Having looked under the bottom with a flashlight, I found that one of the steel bands on which the fuel tank hung had burst from old age and corrosion! Naturally, it was impossible to fix the malfunction on the street, and we drove slowly and carefully to the nearest service. Fortunately, we were able to repair the damaged tape, rather than looking for a new one.

Another situation: once in the country, I felt a strong smell of gasoline emanating from the car. It was a wake-up call: it shouldn't smell like that. Looking under the bottom, I saw that fuel was actively dripping from a hole in the bottom of the tank. Broke? No, it looks like someone tried to drain the gasoline in my absence: the hole was like a chisel, a random stone “caught” on the highway will not leave such a stone. Then it was possible to “turn” the hole a little, drain the remaining fuel, remove the fuel intake, get into the tank with a hand and close the hole with a “sandwich” of a bolt with a nut and four washers (two steel and two rubber). "Sandwich", I must say, served for several years.

But in the third case, the tank of the SUV was pierced in "combat" conditions, and despite the fact that it was covered from below with reliable steel protection. Removing it showed that gasoline was leaking from under the rivet, which apparently secures the internal partition. No one undertook to weld the place of damage: the craftsmen are afraid to approach gas tanks with a welding machine, even if the tank has lain empty or filled with water for a week (everyone is well aware of the consequences of an explosion of fuel vapors). A new tank, even without fuel equipment, pulls on 30 40 thousand rubles. It was possible to manage at lower costs: the damage was sealed with the composition " cold welding».

sledgehammer strike

fuel tanks made of steel, aluminum or special plastic (polyethylene). How durable is plastic? I learned about this from the story of an employee of the UAZ plant. When a single 68-liter tank was developed for the Patriot instead of two 36-liter tanks located on the sides, multilayer plastic was proposed as a material. The commission that accepted the sample doubted its strength. One of its representatives was offered a sledgehammer: they say, hit with all your might and see what happens. He hit - and the sledgehammer rebounded, almost injuring him. Buck was unharmed.

Why do we stand up for the strength of the tank so much? That's right, we are afraid of an explosion of fuel in case of damage. But it is not so much an explosion that is dangerous, but a spill of the same gasoline and a large burning area, because it is not gasoline that burns, but its vapors. In addition, they are very difficult to extinguish. The same applies to diesel fuel: its vapors do not flare up as readily as gasoline ones, but it is even more difficult to extinguish spilled diesel fuel.

Which board to drive up to the column at the gas station? The filler neck can be located either on the right or on the left, this is indicated by a small arrow near the gas station symbol on the instrument panel (although sometimes it is not there). Cars with a tank mouth on the left, I call professional for myself, the rest are designed for white-handed women and tanker services.

Do not forget to close the neck cover and lock the hatch. Cases of fuel drain by intruders are still not uncommon. Although sometimes the tank is so cleverly arranged that it is problematic to pump out fuel. So you can’t help a friend in a difficult situation.

Refueling "pistols" of diesel dispensers have different size. The larger ones are designed for the filler necks of heavy trucks. The necks of some pickups can also have a similar diameter, then refueling under a cork on a cargo column will last a matter of seconds, which is convenient in cold winters. And in commercial vans, on the contrary, there are "passenger" necks - such a paradox.

Interesting fact fuel containers such as airfield tankers can be reported. They have a special device called Dead Man's Switch. When filling the tank at the oil depot, the driver or foreman is obliged to manually interrupt the fuel supply every few minutes, then start it again. This is done so that the system “understands”: the filling is under the control of a person, he is alive, everything is in order with him. If you do not interrupt the filling in time, it will be turned off automatically.