Once I wrote about the PRIORS engines, they asked me - "", read it very informatively. In this article, I promised to talk about the very principle why this happens on some engines, but not on others. In general, about the breakdown process itself, today I will try to put everything on the shelves, just for you “newbies”. I will not pull let's go ...

So valves are part of G azodisp R divisive m vehicle mechanism (timing). It should be noted that the part is quite important, without them there would be no exhaust gases, and compression would not be created in the cylinders during fuel injection and ignition. In modern engines, there are a different number of them from 8 to 32. But in most cases, options with are used, they are the most common of all.

Principle of operation

"Makes" them work open and close camshaft, which is located at the top, in the head of the block.

It spins up and, thanks to special ovals, presses the valve - it opens, or releases it - it closes. In turn, the camshaft runs on a belt or chain drive from the crankshaft.

The camshaft and crankshaft are necessarily synchronized so that the opening of the valves and the movement of the piston coincide in a certain sequence - when the piston goes down, the valves open (“burn” into the chamber), when the piston rises, they close (go up), thus creating pressure in combustion chamber, then the candles ignite the mixture and the pressure piston goes down. This cycle is repeated many times. Here is a short video clip of work for understanding.

This is an ideally working scheme, with due maintenance (timely replacement) everything will go many thousands of kilometers.

The reason why the valve bends

I would like to note that this can be both on 8 and on 16 valve engines. The reason is simple - it's a broken timing belt or chain. In fairness, it is worth noting that the “chain” very rarely breaks, basically it stretches and the “hooking” sprockets begin to jump, which can also be the reason.

When a break occurs, the camshaft stops abruptly, but crankshaft everything keeps pushing the pistons. Thus, the valves are lowered "burned" into the combustion chamber, the piston also goes up - which should not happen during normal operation. They meet at the “top point” and the piston, having high energy, simply bends or breaks the valves. As you can see, everything is quite banal.

Such a breakdown is very expensive - you need to “half” the motor and pull out the bent elements, sometimes even the block head itself suffers (but rarely), so it will also need to be changed. You can also find damage to the pistons (the valve breaks through it), but here it’s still more serious, you will need to remove the camshaft and pistons with “rods”.

Why the belt breaks and how to protect yourself from it

1) The most common reason is simply not following the instructions for replacing the belt from the manufacturer. As a rule, if your car is under warranty, then the replacement will be under warranty, but if you service it yourself, then many people forget or save on replacement. It "gets out" sideways.

2) Poor quality belt, now there are just a lot of fakes, especially for our VAZs. In reality, they don’t go even 5000 kilometers (it happened several times on company car), so take better proven options. Or change to a service station with a guarantee.

3) The pump fails. In some car models, it is also engaged in the belt, and if it fails, then it simply wedges, it will wipe the belt in a matter of hours.

4) The camshaft itself wears out. It is made of metal and it is clear that after some time it will wear out (it can jam), although a lot of time must pass (high mileage).

5) The tension rollers of the timing system fail. They can fall off, they can jam - in any case, the belt will either break or it will fly off - there is only one end, it will bend the valves.

There is only one defense guys. Change the belt in time, as well as the tension rollers and other elements of this system, which are assigned to you according to the regulations. Take “consumables” at official or trusted station stores, because fakes go much less than originals, here you risk every thousand kilometers, in general, a belt is not a spare part that is worth saving on.

Are there options that won't bend?

Of course there is, but now they are very rare. Once again, I advise you - there are models of motors that “didn’t bend” before. However, unfortunately now there are practically none. Therefore, many spend - such tuning power units.

The essence here is also trite, simple - they put instead of ordinary pistons. Then even if a break happens, the valves will simply sink into these holes and nothing bad will happen. Will need to put new belt and synchronize the camshaft and crankshaft.

"Healthy" - you say. BUT why then such pistons are not put on all models? After all, it is 100% protection.

Again, everything is simple - such pistons eat up part of the engine power, and decently. There is still debate about how much. Some say that by about 5 - 7%, and this, excuse me, is DECENT! The thing is that such a piston is heavier, and the compression is not as effective. That is why many have abandoned this decision. Many - but not all!

VAZ cars of the 2112 family were produced with one of four engines. Two of them are 8-valve, two more are 16-valve. The 8-valve engines are equipped with grooved pistons, and therefore the valves cannot bend. But this property does not apply to any Lada cars: almost all 8-valve valves during the transition. It is known which of the engines VAZ-2112 never bends the valve - it remains the motor 21124 (1.6 16v).

See how difficult it is to change valves on the Ten. All steps in one video

We are talking about engines 2111 and 21114. They are injection, and the shape of the pistons was inherited by them from the carburetor engine 2110.

ShPG elements (pistons) 2110-1004015

Actually, the same pistons were installed on three different 8-valve: 2110, 2111 (1.5 8v), 21114 (1.6 8v). The piston article is 2110-1004015.

Two deep recesses ensure that any of the valves, inlet or outlet, cannot "meet" the surface of the piston even if the timing belt breaks.

Regular 8-valve valves on the VAZ-2112 do not bend the valve, no matter what some owners say. Sometimes, and if the valves fly out stronger than provided by the VAZ, then there will be no guarantee against bending. So follow the rules.

And the following is provided:

• Inlet valve lift - 9.4 mm;
• Exhaust valve lift - 8.95 mm.

We present the values ​​taking into account thermal gap. Whoever exceeds them will receive the result.

Do 16 valve engines bend?

ShPG elements (pistons) 2112-1004015 and 21124-100401504

In pistons 2112-1004015, the grooves are indeed made. The probability of bending is reduced, but it is not reduced to zero. Therefore, always pay attention to and rollers when on a 16-valve engine.

The VAZ-21124 engine is one of those 16- valve motors that do not bend their valves. The grooves are designed so that no valve will meet the piston.

Articles:

• 2112-1004015 - engine piston VAZ-21120 (1.5 16v);
• 21124-100401504 - ICE piston VAZ-21124 (1.6 16v).

Make no mistake when choosing.

Motors 21124 are in short supply!

One of the most favorite engines on a 12-ke is 124. It does not bend the valve, it rides great, but what else do you need?

The number of VAZ-21124 engines produced for all time is difficult to calculate. Maybe it even exceeds the number of 20 motors. The 21124 engine had a Euro-4 version, and this engine, regardless of version, is in short supply. Prices also remain high. Well, a less voluminous 16-valve is rated lower, despite the fact that it is more powerful!

Motors with mileage that bend their valves are no longer needed by anyone. It cannot jam, the belt will break and the owner "hit" the capital. Draw your own conclusions.

Video with an example of tuning: increase in volume from 1.5 to 1.6

Valves are an integral part of the gas distribution mechanism vehicle. It should be noted that these devices are quite important, since it is they that ensure the release of exhaust gases, create compression during ignition and injection of fuel in the engine cylinders. Modern engines provide different options for their installation.

1. How valves work

Valves are a fairly simple device, so the principle of their operation will not be difficult even for a beginner. They are driven by a camshaft located at the top of the block head. With this device, the valves open and close. The camshaft spins up and presses the valve with special ovals, which eventually opens. When the shaft stops pressing, the valve closes. The camshaft runs on a chain or belt drive, which is guided by the operation of the car's crankshaft.

The crankshaft and camshaft go through a mandatory stage of synchronization. This is done so that the movement of the piston and the opening of the valves coincide in the same sequence: when the piston goes down, the valves open, and when the piston rises, the valves close. Thus, pressure is created in the combustion chamber. Thereafter air-fuel mixture is ignited, and the piston under the influence of pressure goes down. This cycle is repeated many times.

2. The reason why the valves are bent

It is important to note that the situation when the valves are bent does not depend on how many valves the engine has. The cause of the malfunction is quite simple: an open circuit or timing belt occurs. The chain itself breaks quite rarely, since in most cases it stretches, and the hook sprockets simply jump.

The camshaft will stop abruptly when a break occurs. the same will continue to push the pistons. Thus, those valves that burn in the combustion chamber and those pistons that go up will meet at the top point, and pistons with enough energy will break and bend the valves. Eliminating this breakdown will be quite expensive, since it will be necessary to pull out all the bent elements from the motor. In addition, the block head itself may suffer, in which case it will be necessary to replace it.

3. Why the belt breaks, and how to protect yourself from it

The most common cause is a simple non-compliance with the instructions in accordance with the replacement of the belt from the manufacturer of the device. Often, when the vehicle is under warranty, the replacement will be successful, but when a motorist wants to independently ensure the performance of his car, big trouble can arise if you save on replacing this device.

The pump may also fail. Some car models provide for the engagement of the device in the belt, and when it fails, the system simply jams, as a result of which the belt is worn out in a matter of hours. A poor-quality belt is also the root cause of a malfunction. That is why it is necessary to take high-quality, albeit expensive parts. The camshaft may also become unusable. If it is made of metal, you can immediately say that such an element will be faulty after a certain period of time, which, of course, is almost impossible to predict. Plus, the tension rollers of the gas distribution system can also fail. They simply fall off or jam, as a result of which the belt comes off or breaks, and the valves bend.

There is only one way to avoid this. You simply need to follow the instructions and change the belt, tension rollers and other elements of this system in time, which manufacturers prescribe according to the regulations. All parts must be purchased only in high-quality automotive stores and services that are official dealers.

4. Are there valves that cannot bend?

Such options exist in modern automotive world but they are very rare. Previously, there were domestic devices that did not know such a disaster before. Unfortunately, there are practically none now. However, you can resort to solving the problem by tuning powertrains. The gist is quite simple: instead of conventional pistons, options with notches on top are installed. The method is quite effective, since in the event of a break, the valves will fall into these holes, and a breakdown will be prevented. The motorist only needs to install a new belt, as well as synchronize the camshaft and crankshaft of the car.

However, this method is not always effective. The thing is that such pistons will contribute to the loss of part of the power of the internal combustion engine, because such a piston will be heavier than an ordinary piston, which will affect the compression force. That is why not all motorists recognize and resort to using this method.

5. How to know if the valves on the engine are bent

Many motorists are wondering how to distinguish a bending valve from a non-bending one, or how to determine the valve's performance. Unfortunately, there is no answer to this question, since valves are not subject to visual identification of a malfunction. Nowhere are there any mentions and inscriptions, notes that would lead to the comprehended truth. Of course, you can stop by the official workshop, where the masters will check the equipment, which, of course, will be quite expensive. It is advisable to do diagnostics of your vehicle every 20-30 thousand kilometers, where the inoperability of such elements will be determined.

In the fall of 2015, the Lad family of cars was replenished with the top model - the Vesta car, produced in the sedan body. When asking the question “does the valve bend on the Lada Vesta”, you need to clearly understand what kind of engine we are talking about: a 1.6-liter Russian or Nissan, or maybe the latest VAZ development with the name “21179”.

Here are considered options related to cars produced now or those that will begin to be produced in the near future. Also, an 8-valve engine was developed for Vesta - it certainly does not bend the valves and will definitely not be installed on top-end sedans in 2016.

Read more about the engines that the Lada Vesta line is equipped with in the material: !

ICE VAZ-21129, 106 "forces" (pressure valve)

Under the hood of a 106-horsepower Lada Vesta

A bit of history. Motor 21129 is a modified version of another engine, namely 21127. The last of them, when the timing belt broke, successfully bent its valves, although grooves were made on the pistons ( fig. 1). The point is that the depth of the grooves was not sufficient: under certain conditions, the valve “met” with the piston with all the ensuing consequences.

With the transition to a new generation of internal combustion engines, that is, to 21129, the design of the pistons was finalized. But the external form has not changed much, and although the recesses remain, their depth is still insufficient.

Here the question was considered whether the Lada Vesta valves with the 21129 engine bend. And the answer was unequivocal: yes, oppression.

In theory, the problem with valve bending is typical for all VAZ engines equipped with 4 valves per cylinder. Each new 16-valve "inherits" it. An exception is one rarity - the VAZ-2112 internal combustion engine, the volume of which is 1.6 liters. There, the recesses are made to last (Fig. 2).

122-horsepower engine "21179" (valve oppression)

In its own way ICE designs VAZ-21179 is not much different from its predecessors. The working volume was increased to 1774 ml, which was achieved by changing the piston stroke length: it was 75.6 mm, it became 84.0 mm.

Elements of the connecting rod and piston group

The piston itself now fits the cylinder better than in the 21127 and 21129 engines. The distance from the piston pin to the bottom of the pistons has increased by 1.3 mm to 26.7 mm. But deeper grooves in the bottom did not appear. The timing mechanism still drives the belt, and when it breaks, no one canceled the possibility of bending the valves.

Now we know if the valves on the Lada Vesta with a 1.8-liter engine bend. The answer will be the same as for all 16-valve VAZ internal combustion engines (with the exception of 2112). The problem with the transition to a new generation remains the same. And they do not intend to return to the "heavy" pistons at the VAZ.

The timing drive on engines 21179 is equipped with not one, but two tension rollers. What is done then, so that the design is less susceptible to stretching of the timing belt.

It says here: the number of tension rollers is two

One of the automatic tensioners may jam, but then its function will be taken over by the second automatic roller.

Pistons that don't bend valves

Piston kits for some "old" 16-valve units are produced by third-party companies. These parts are supplied with deep grooves. The point is that the piston does not reach the plates and cannot bend the valves.

Tuning piston for ICE 21126-21127

ShPG elements of different engines (21127, 21129, 21179) are compatible. But you do not need to install pistons from "old engines" in Vesta's motor:

• In ICE 21129, after such “tuning”, friction losses will increase;
• If the pistons from the 26th or 27th engine are installed in the internal combustion engine 21179, the working volume will immediately change.

The "29th", as well as the "79th" Lada Vesta engine bends the valve only with "VAZ" pistons. But having installed a "tuning" part, do not expect an increase in power. And yet, using non-standard elements, you can greatly reduce the resource (lose the guarantee, get unforeseen consequences).

Nissan HR16DE engine (does not bend, there is a chain)

Disassembled HR16DE engine

There are no "deep grooves" here. Now let's pay attention to how the timing mechanism is arranged.

Nothing but gears and chains

There is no toothed belt here - a chain replaces it. It is difficult to imagine the following two situations:

• The chain could jump over the teeth of one or more gears;
• One of the elements was damaged so badly that the presence of damage led to a rupture.

As long as the chain remains intact, the valves and pistons cannot meet each other, no matter what happens to the engine. The only bad thing is that the chain can jam.

Does the Lada Vesta valve bend with a Nissan ICE? The answer "no" would be incorrect - a chain break is not ruled out. But in reality, it will be almost impossible to face such a situation. Let's see why.

Four well-known facts

The life indicator for the timing chain always exceeds the life of the engine. This is the first fact, but the condition must be met: the oil change must be timely. In general, the circuit fails gradually, and this is accompanied by symptoms:

• Audible overtones (chirring) at idle;
• At the moment of passing the “problem area”, a phase shift can be observed.

The last defect is detected using computer diagnostics.

From the appearance of any symptom to a complete break in the chain, a certain time passes. And in general, a “defective circuit” can work for a long time. This was another, fourth fact.

The consequences of a broken timing belt, an example in the video

I welcome you friends to the DIY auto repair site. Experienced motorists know that a broken timing belt can lead to sad consequences. In particular, there is a high risk of “meeting” of valves that have already left their seats and pistons rising by inertia.

The result is the deformation of the vital elements of the motor, as well as the urgent need to visit the service station and carry out overhaul. But does the valve always bend when the timing belt breaks? Is it necessary to be afraid of it?

A bit of history

On the new “dozens”, 8-valve engines with volumes of 1.5 and 1.6 liters were immediately installed. The first power units (from the position of the problem we are describing) were ideal, and the valves did not bend. Although on earlier models like the figure eight, nine with a volume of 1.3, this problem was. The reason was that the piston structurally could not "meet" the valves.

Over time, more than modern model VAZ 2112, equipped with a one and a half liter engine, with a 16-valve engine. It was from that moment that the problems began. Many motorists and specialists could not figure out why the valve bends.

In fact, the reason was in the design of the power unit. On the one hand, the appearance of a 16-valve head made it possible to increase the car's power to 92 "horses", and on the other hand, broken timing belt invariably led to a collision of pistons and valves, as well as deformation of the latter.

After that, I had to go to the service station and hand over the car for expensive repairs. Structural fault lay on the pistons themselves, which lacked the necessary recess. As a result, a broken timing belt always ended the same way.

Updated car engine

A similar oversight was adopted and more advanced 16-valve 1.6-liter engines were installed on new VAZ 2112 cars. Structurally, the power units did not differ much, but one feature was still present. In the new motor, the pistons had certain notches, so the problem described above was eliminated.

Over the next few years, motorists have already begun to forget about bent valves and got used to the reliability of the new 16-valve engines. But the updated Priora model with a 1.6-liter power unit was unpleasantly surprised - the valves also bent when the timing broke.

However, the final repair was much more expensive. On the other hand, the developers have made the belt as wide as possible to minimize the chance of belt breakage. Only those motorists who got a defective belt or those who did not follow their “iron horse” at all were not lucky.

Unfortunately, even on the new 1.4-liter Kalina engines with 16 valves, repairs cannot be avoided if the belt breaks in motion. So monitoring the state of this node is mandatory.

On which VAZ engines the valve bends, and on which it does not

Let's draw intermediate conclusions, and also highlight the most "dangerous" and "safe" models from the position of probable deformation of the valves in case of damage to the belt:

1. Which VAZ engines bend valves? This category includes motors of cars of the following model range — 21127, 21116, 2112, 1194.

2. Which VAZ engines do not bend valves? More reliable are the engines of such VAZ models as 1183, 21114, 21083, 21124, 21126 (bent until 2013, but now not), 21128.

The current problem has caused a lot of controversy among motorists. Many owners of "problem" VAZs are interested in what to do so that the valve does not bend. In fact, there are several recommendations.

They are the following:

1. First, try to periodically assess the condition of the timing belt and replace it at the first sign of damage. The appearance of cracks, contact with the surface engine oil, excessive stretching, peeling edges - all this is a reason to install a new timing belt and not wait for a break.

2. Secondly, if the engine is expected to be repaired, then the pistons can be changed, and in some cases the crankshaft. In addition, some experts recommend (as a way out) the installation of a new camshaft.

But here, of course, one cannot do without the advice of specialists. After that, you may need to flash and remove the catalyst.

If you got a car where the valve bends, then do not despair ahead of time. The ideal solution would be maximum attention to the engine and more frequent timing belt replacement. Even this will be enough to minimize the risks.

As for the replacement of components and expensive repairs, these costs, as a rule, do not justify themselves. Good luck on the road and of course no breakdowns.