(sixties and seventies)

Tracklayer BAT-M

BAT-M tracklayer belongs to the class road cars and is intended for laying column tracks, backfilling funnels, ditches, trenches, arranging gentle slopes on steep slopes; making passages in the rubble, laying clearings in the bush, undergrowth; clearing roads and column tracks from snow, clearing debris from buildings, fragments of ditches; can be used for excavation of pits, trenches and shelters for equipment, lifting operations, backfilling dugouts assembled in the pit, shelters.

Base machine - heavy artillery tractor AT-T. Engine power 305 hp, weight 27.5 tons, transport speed up to 35.5 km/h. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, thanks to which the machine can operate in areas contaminated with poisonous and radioactive substances, and the crew can be in the cabin without protective equipment.

The working body can be installed in a bulldozer (width 5m.), double blade (as shown in the figure) (width 4.5m) and grader (width 4.0m.) position. Thanks to this, the tracklayer can be used for various road and earthmoving works. Located in front of the working body, adjustable in height, the ski provides the ability to remove the earth layer of a given thickness.

Raising and lowering, in that force and forced deepening of the working body, as well as its distortion in any direction, is carried out using a hydraulic drive.

Additionally, the machine is equipped with crane equipment with a lifting capacity of 2 tons, and it is controlled from a remote control, so that the crane operator can simultaneously act as a rigger (slinger).

V transport position the working body is thrown behind the cab, which unloads the front rollers and provides the machine with good cross-country ability. The area of ​​​​the support surface of the tracks is equal to the tank one, which, with a much lower mass than that of a tank (27.5 tons), provides the vehicle with good cross-country ability on soft ground, snow and wetlands.

A significant supply of fuel (about 950 kg.) Provides the car with a mileage of over 500 km. or battery life for 12-15 hours.

Performance:
- laying of a columned track on medium cross-country terrain 1.5-10 km/h;
- earthmoving works 200-250 cubic meters/hour;
- lifting capacity of the crane - 2 t.

It is in service in the engineer-sapper company of a motorized rifle (tank) regiment - 1 piece, in the engineer-sapper battalion of a motorized rifle (tank) division - 9 pieces.

From the author. The machine is strong, reliable, trouble-free. The cabin is spacious, warm (engine under the cabin floor). In addition to the equipment listed in the article, it has a powerful winch driven by base engine and very thick rope. With a winch, the machine pulls itself out of any dirt. It can also pull the tank, if only it is not too stuck. Only the winch on the BTS special tank tractor is more powerful. However, for earthmoving work it is somewhat weak (the working body is too large for a machine of such power and its own weight). However, BAT-M as a whole is not intended for earthmoving. A further development of this machine is the BAT-2 track-laying machine. There, in addition to the crew, there is also a sapper department in the cockpit. That car is semi-armored. However, in the opinion of the author, it is long, less agile and more cumbersome.

Sources

1. Instructions for the material part and operation of the BAT-M caterpillar engineering track-laying machine. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Moscow 1964
2. Military engineering training. Tutorial. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Moscow. 1982

Classification tracklayer Combat weight, t 39.7 Crew, pers. 2 Landing, pers. 6 History Manufacturer ... Wikipedia

BAT- military aviation equipment avia, tech. Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. BAT large azimuth telescope BAT large ... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

The request "Baht" is redirected here; see also other meanings. City of Bath* City of Bath** UNESCO World Heritage ... Wikipedia

Township Batevo Batovo Country: ... Wikipedia

- (Bath), a city in the East of Great Britain, on the banks of the river. Avon, 19 km SE. from Bristol. 86 thousand inhabitants (2003). Popular balneological resort. Thermal (45–49 °С) radon miners. waters that were used by the Romans in the 1st century BC. BC.… … Geographic Encyclopedia

- (Bath), a city in Great Britain (England), on the river. Avon, near the Bristol Bay of the Atlantic Ocean, 80 thousand inhabitants (1981). Balneological resort (thermal radon waters were used by the Romans, founded in the 1st century, the settlement of Aqua Sulis) … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (baht, B) The standard monetary unit of Thailand, equal to 100 satang. Finance. Dictionary. 2nd ed. Moscow: INFRA M, Ves Mir Publishing House. Brian Butler, Brian Johnson, Graham Sidwell et al. Osadchaya I.M.. 2000. Bat Bat… … Financial vocabulary

- (Heb.). An ancient Jewish measure of liquids, first equal to 1 1/2, and then 8 1/2 damask. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. baht or tikal is the monetary unit of Thailand, equal to 100 satangs. New dictionary... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

baht...- BAT... bataillon. Short for battalion. In war as in war A moment before the medical battalion. Rosenbaum at war. // R. 1997 54. Battalion commander. He takes the Caucasus Hotel, now we will throw the third baht to help them. Star 2001 3 76. BAT 2nd detachment ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Baty- BAT|Ѧ (1*), And s. Father: Roman Rostislavich ... the river tacos ѡ (t) give ti Batti Chernigov and live with me in love. LI ok. 1425, 183v. (1161) ... Dictionary of the Old Russian language (XI-XIV centuries)

Books

• Encyclopedia for children from A to Z. In 10 volumes. Volume 1. Aal-Bat,. Russia's first multi-volume alphabetical encyclopedia for children and youth. Detailed information from all areas of knowledge. All important concepts in all subjects of the school curriculum. Thematic…
• Encyclopedia for children from A to Z. In 10 volumes. T. 1. Aal - Bat, Ratina A.A.. ...

If in the 19th century sappers could completely get by with shovels, axes, saws and other hand tools, today, in order to open the road, infantry fighting vehicles and infantry, heavy engineering vehicles are needed that can quickly make a passage in a minefield, build a crossing, fill up an anti-tank ditch , demolish wire barriers, clear the road.

You should not think that the most modern tank M1 "Abrams" or T-90 have better maneuverability than the old Testament BT-7 or Pz.Kpfw III. But to make passages for them is required much faster. If in the 1940s the anti-tank ditch was just an annoying hindrance that could disrupt an attack, today, delaying tanks at the ditch for at least a few minutes is fraught with the fact that they will be covered with fire from helicopter gunships, precision-guided missiles and shells arriving from afar, and suffer heavy losses. .

BAT-M: tracklayer
BAT - bulldozer on an artillery tractor (AT-T tractor), designed for mechanization of engineering work when laying column tracks, preparing roads, clearing the area. Weight: 2.75 t; 12-cylinder diesel engine B-401 liquid cooling 305 kW (415 hp); speed: up to 35 km/h; road clearing speed: 15 km/h; speed of laying a dirt track: 5–8 km/h; crew: 2 people; equipped with a truck crane with a lifting capacity of 2 tons

Afghan finds

It is impossible to list all the equipment for overcoming obstacles that our engineering troops have at their disposal. There are dozens of samples. But it is worth talking about the most widely used ones.

The most serious obstacle for both tanks and infantry were and still remain mines. mine clearance combat vehicle (BMR) begins in the distant 1980s in Afghanistan. The main tool of this machine was the famous Soviet mine roller trawl KMT-5M and its further development KMT-7. Their predecessor, the PT-3 trawl, appeared back in the years of World War II and proved to be excellent already in the Battle of Kursk. Then roller trawls were hung on tanks. But at the beginning of the mine war in Afghanistan, it quickly became clear that the 40th Army had enough trawls, but with carriers, that is, tanks, things were worse. Too many of them were required everywhere.

Today, no one will say who first came up with the idea to hang trawls on BTS tank tractors (according to other sources, on captured T-54 or T-55). Whatever it was, the idea turned out to be sensible. Firstly, modern tanks were saved. Secondly, they came up with the idea to arrange a place for drivers not at the very bottom of the car, but on the roof, for which, however, it was necessary to lengthen the control levers. The crew was covered by armor plates or sometimes by a turret with a removed gun. The bottom of the car was lined with plastic cans of water. The canisters kept a supply of water, never superfluous in a hot country, and served as an excellent shock absorber if the mine suddenly exploded under the bottom. Such machines perfectly trawled the routes, and if they were blown up, the crew remained intact.

The fighting qualities of these homemade products were quickly and duly appreciated by the Ministry of Defense. A task was issued to develop a machine, which was given the designation BMR. The first sample was built in Kiev, the author of the project was Lieutenant Colonel A.P. Khlestkin. Although there was nothing special to design. Everything original was available - both the tank chassis and the excellent KMT-5M trawl, created in the Chelyabinsk SKB-200 under the direction of V.I. Mikhailov. And by the end of 1980, the first BMRs manufactured at the Lvov Tank Repair Plant began to arrive in Afghanistan.

BMR-1: demining
It has reinforced armor and anti-cumulative protection of the bottom under the habitable compartment and provides minesweeping with push, pin and proximity fuses. There is space to accommodate three sappers and their equipment. Weight: (without trawl, sappers and their property): 43 t; maximum speed: 60 km/h; cruising range on the highway: 550 km; armament: 12.7 mm closed anti-aircraft machine gun mount; crane lifting capacity: 2.5 t; trawl KMT-7

The price of arrogance

Factory-made BMRs immediately found their place in the combat formations of the troops. They made it possible to drastically reduce the loss of equipment on mines, to increase the speed of movement of columns. The flow of applications grew rapidly. The car was demanded not only by tankers, but also by infantry, rear battalions. It was not difficult to get around the obstacles of the military bureaucracy, because the BMR was not an armored vehicle, but an engineering one and was not considered a standard vehicle exclusively for tank units.

The designers, taking into account the shortcomings and "childhood illnesses" of the first samples, quickly developed the BMR-2, and later the BMR-3. The latter turned out to be so successful that at the beginning of the 21st century it became possible to present the BIS on the international arms market. Moreover, there were historical grounds for this. During the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973, Israel captured quite a lot of Soviet-made KMT-5 trawls from the Egyptians. The Israeli military quickly adapted them to their Merkavas and began to use them with great success.

In the Iraqi wars, the Americans suffered significant losses on anti-tank mines, although they carefully hide these unpleasant facts for them. They began to suffer even more losses after the announcement of the victory achieved. But the Americans did not have acceptable anti-mine trawls, because they arrogantly neglected this technique in the 1950s-1970s. Attempts to return in an updated form the chain trawls of the Second World War ended in failure. The Americans had to bow to the Israelis and buy Soviet-made mine sweepers from them.

A large number of WRIs participated in the liquidation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Only with their help was it possible to install remote-controlled cranes and proceed with the construction of the sarcophagus

Rollers, magnet and plows

The principle of the roller trawl, this main BIS tool, is very simple. Several heavy, durable steel wheels are suspended from two frames fixed to the armor, which roll ahead of the vehicle and, hitting a mine, cause it to explode. The strength of this design is such that the rollers can withstand up to ten explosions. Broken rollers are easy to replace. According to statistics, a vehicle can encounter no more than 1-3 mines in a minefield.

The principle is simple, but to ensure that each roller rolls on the ground independently of its neighbors and carefully rolls over any hillock or hole (as the designers say, it copies the terrain), and even so that the weight of the entire structure acts on it (which is extremely important for triggering a mine), only our designer V.I.Mikhailov could. The Russian trawl practically does not miss a single mine. American and British designers failed to create satisfactory samples of the roller trawl.

The BMR, or rather the trawl suspended from this vehicle, can also deal with mines, which do not react to pressure, but to the magnetic field of the tank. Two obliquely standing cylinders above the rollers are EMT (electro-magnetic trawl). The cylinders create a magnetic field in front of the vehicle, similar to that of a tank. Mines explode in front of the trawl without damaging the vehicle.

Equipped with BMR and digging-type trawl. Two sections are located behind the rollers. Knives during the movement of the BMR burrow into the ground to a depth at which anti-tank mines are usually installed, dig out a mine and throw it aside.

Such a plow trawl is necessary, since there are mines that are triggered not by one, but by two successive clicks. These include, for example, our MVD-62 or the British No.5 Mk4. It is irrational to make a trawl with two rows of rollers, because it will be too heavy.

But, unfortunately, the plow trawl is applicable only in areas with a certain quality of soil. With rocky, rocky soils, on roads with a hard surface, the “plow” has nothing to do.

BMR-3M. clearance
IMR. Roads and trenches. Obstacle engineering vehicle - an army vehicle designed for laying roads over rough terrain, in forests and city rubble, for excavating and backfilling pits. Weight: 37.5 t; maximum speed on the highway: 59 km / h; crew: 2 people; speed when working with bulldozer equipment: up to 12 km/h; maximum boom reach: 8.8 m; boom capacity: 2 t

Road Gnawer

However, mines are far from the only artificial obstacle capable of stopping moving troops. Anti-tank ditches, scarps and counter-scarps, gouges, barricades, barriers, blockages of trees, city ruins, finally, mine sweeping is too tough.

Back in the distant 1970s, a vehicle under the designation IMR (engineering obstacle blocking vehicle) was adopted by the Soviet engineering troops. Its main task was to clear traffic routes from non-explosive obstacles, lay column tracks, clear snow from routes, equip crossings over ditches, etc. in the combat formations of the troops. And the base of the IMR was first the T-55 tank, later the T-62 and finally the T-72.

First of all, the machine was equipped with powerful universal bulldozer equipment. For example, if you need to dig slopes in steep slopes, the wings of a shovel can be put in the usual straight position, like on tractor bulldozers. If it is required to clear the road from snow, debris, bushes, the wings are retracted. And then everything that interferes with the movement is pushed aside. You can turn one wing back and the other forward - this position is called grader; then all obstacles to movement will move in one direction. If in this position the shovel is also tilted, then the WRI is able to create a roadbed and at the same time dig a ditch. It will turn out a normal dirt road with a sickle-shaped transverse profile. It is enough to fill it with rubble or gravel, and it will turn into a finished highway. It is important to note that the crew performs all these transformations of the bulldozer equipment without leaving the vehicle. And this is very important, for example, in areas contaminated with toxic or radioactive substances.

The American analogue of the IMR M1 Grizzly never left the stage of military trials

Machines in atomic hell

The IMR turned out to be the only machine capable of operating in the first days of the Chernobyl accident right next to the destroyed fourth power unit. The approaches to the reactor turned out to be littered with debris from the building and equipment. To get close to the source of destruction, it was first necessary to clear the rubble. But the levels of radiation in those days were such that even army radiometers went off scale (from 60 to 500 roentgens per hour). Near the reactor, a person could be a matter of minutes, or even seconds.
The IMR, with its powerful armor, reduced the radiation exposure levels of the crew by a factor of ten or more. The telescopic boom with a grip-manipulator, which is equipped with the IMR, was very useful. Boom outreach - 8.8 m. With the help of a manipulator, the machine operator can grab and move objects weighing up to 2 tons as if by hand. Moreover, the accuracy of the work is such that an experienced operator can close a box of matches lying on the ground with the powerful jaws of the manipulator. Or pick up from the ground and give the person a cigarette.

At the Chernobyl IMR reactor, scattered pieces of uranium rods were collected and put into transported containers for further disposal, and the fragments of the walls were removed. With the help of WRI, it was possible to install several remotely controlled cranes around the reactor and begin the construction of the sarcophagus. Without this unique machine, such work would have to be postponed for several months until the level of radiation decreases.

Almost all the WRIs then available in the army were sent to Chernobyl, and all of them remained there forever. During the operation of the machine, they gained so much radiation that the armor itself became radioactive. Dozens, if not hundreds, of IMRs, among many other machines, now stand on an abandoned wartime airfield near Pripyat.

The IMR turned out to be such a successful and sought-after machine by the troops that for many years they tried to improve it. Based on the experience of Afghanistan, they tried to give the IMR the ability of the BIS. For this, a KMT-7 roller trawl, a KMT-6 plow trawl, and UR-83 mine clearing charges were hung on the machine. But universalization did not benefit WRI. The roller trawl deprived the IMR of the opportunity to use bulldozer equipment and made the machine unmaneuverable. The plow trawl KMT-6 overloaded the front part of the IMR, which was already loaded with the weight of the bulldozer. Boxes of demining installations limited the ability to use the manipulator. In the end, the IMR was returned to the initial configuration.

USA
Attempts to return in an updated form the chain trawls of the Second World War ended unsuccessfully for the US Army. I had to buy Soviet-made trophy roller trawls from the Israelis, and then produce their clones

Work horse of war

The IMR is a great car, just too expensive. And heavy. And engineering troops do not always need armor, and the manipulator is used only occasionally. Most often, only bulldozer equipment. Yes, sometimes a truck crane to lift and move something. Engineering vehicles with such a limited set of functions, of course, exist, and they appeared much earlier than WRI. The name of the machines corresponds to their purpose - they are road-laying machines. The first such machine appeared back in the 1960s and received the designation BAT (bulldozer on an artillery tractor). The heavy tracked artillery tractor AT-T was taken as the base vehicle. The design turned out to be very successful, and it was loved by the troops.

A few years later, the car was improved. A 2-ton hydraulic crane was added to the bulldozer equipment and the new product was named BAT-M. The bulldozer turned out to be very convenient for laying column tracks (temporary roads for advancing troops), clearing roads of snow, felling trees, clearing bushes, and making exits on steep slopes. For example, in winter, BAT-M clears the road at a speed of up to 15 km/h, and in summer it paves a dirt track at a speed of 5–8 km/h. Of course, only where rifle-machine-gun and artillery fire is excluded. Nevertheless, the cab of the machine is sealed and equipped with a filter-ventilation unit. This means that BAT-M is capable of operating in areas contaminated with poisonous or radioactive substances. For example, cut and remove contaminated soil. As with the IMR, bulldozer equipment can have two-blade, grader and direct positions. But you have to manually change the position of the knives.

BAT-M fell in love with the military for one more property. The engine, located under the cab, gives enough heat, so that inside the car it is comfortable in any frost. In the late 1980s, BAT-M began to be replaced by a more advanced BAT-2 vehicle, in the cockpit of which, in addition to the crew, a sapper squad could also be placed.

The US Army still does not have vehicles similar to our BIS, IMR, or even BAT-M. The Americans had to limit themselves to mounting an almost complete analogue of our KMT-5 trawl on the M1 Abrams tank. Since 1999, the development of an analogue of the IMR called the M1 Grizzly (Breacher) began. Although the US Army field manuals indicate that the Grizzly is in service, however, this vehicle never left the stage of military testing. But Germany, having fought enough in the 20th century, took the creation of machines that allow them to “break into a neighbor’s house” with all seriousness. Back in 1968, the Bundeswehr adopted engineering vehicle based on the Leopard 1 tank called Pionierpanzer, approximately equal in capabilities to our IMR vehicle. And all subsequent years it was improved. Today, the Bundeswehr uses a modern version of the machine under the same name Pionierpanzer, but already based on the Leopard 2 tank.

(sixties and seventies)

Tracklayer BAT-M

The BAT-M track-laying machine belongs to the class of road machines and is intended for laying columned tracks, backfilling funnels, ditches, trenches, and arranging gentle slopes on steep slopes; making passages in the rubble, laying clearings in the bush, undergrowth; clearing roads and column tracks from snow, clearing debris from buildings, fragments of ditches; can be used for excavation of pits, trenches and shelters for equipment, lifting operations, backfilling dugouts assembled in the pit, shelters.

From the author. BAT-M is precisely a track-laying machine, and not a bulldozer like tractor-type bulldozers of the S-100 type. It is not intended for excerpts of pits. Its power is achieved by a high-speed diesel engine. As you know, engine power and its torque are not the same thing. Therefore, BAT-M digs much worse than a tractor. The use of BAT-m for extracting pits is a necessary measure dictated by the combat situation.

The base vehicle is the AT-T heavy artillery tractor. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, thanks to which the machine can operate in areas contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances, and the crew can be in the cabin without protective equipment.

The working body can be installed in a bulldozer (width 5 m.), two-dump (width 4.5.m.) and grader (width 4.0.m.) position. Thanks to this, the tracklayer can be used for various road and earthmoving works. Located in front of the working body, adjustable in height, the ski provides the ability to remove the earth layer of a given thickness.

In the picture on the left: BAT-M working body installed in the grader position.
In the picture at the beginning of the article, the working body is set to a double blade position. The ski is visible ahead, with the help of which the depth is regulated.

Raising and lowering, including forced deepening of the working body, as well as its distortion in any direction, is carried out using a hydraulic drive

In addition, the machine is equipped with crane equipment with a lifting capacity of 2 tons, and it is controlled from a remote control, so that the crane operator can simultaneously act as a rigger (slinger).

In the transport position, the working body is thrown behind the cab, which unloads the front rollers and provides the machine with good
patency over rough terrain. The area of ​​​​the support surface of the tracks is equal to the tank one, which, with a much lower mass than that of a tank (27.5 tons), provides the vehicle with good cross-country ability on soft ground, snow and wetlands.

In the picture on the right: BAT-M with the working body transferred to the transport position.

For transportation across railway the wings of the bulldozer are separated from the frame and stacked on special racks, the frame with the warp device is divided into two parts and stacked on the platform behind the cab. In this form, the BAT-M has the same overall width as the tank.

A significant supply of fuel (about 950 kg.) Provides the car with a mileage of over 500 km. or battery life for 12-15 hours.

Main performance characteristics BAT-M

Base machine .................................................. ................................................. .......	artillery heavy tractor AT-T (Product 405 mu)
Machine weight (without crew and property) .............................................. ................	27.5 tons
Dimensions:
- in transport position
length...............................	7.05m. (working body as shown above)
	3.95m. (working body as shown in the picture above)
- in working position
length.................................	10.4m. (along the front tip of the ski)
width.............................	4.5m. (working body in a two-blade position)
height.............................	3.4m. (at the top of the crane boom)
Clearance................................................. ................................................. .................	38-41.5 cm.
Rail gauge .............................................................. ....................................	1- T
Specific ground pressure .............................................................. ................................................	072 kg/sq. cm.
Minimum turning radius .................................................................. ...............................	2.64m.
Maximum climbing angle .......................................................... ...................................	25 degrees
Maximum angle of bank ............................................................... ................................................	25 degrees
Maximum fording depth .......................................................... .................................
Fuel range ............................................................... ...............................................	1100 km.
Maximum travel speed .............................................................. .........................	35 km/h
Average speed on dirt roads ..........................................................	20-25 km/h
The speed of laying a column track on medium rough terrain.......	1.5-10 km/h
The speed of laying a columned path in the bush and woodlands	4-8 km/h
Route clearing speed .......................................................... ...............................	5-16 km/h
The speed of clearing the column track from snow .............................................. .........	8-10 km/h (with snow depth up to 1 meter)
Speed ​​when removing 10 cm of soil .............................................. ...............................	4-5 km/h
Productivity when extracting descents, pits, etc. ...............................	400-450 cubic meters/hour
Categories of developed soils ............................................................... .........................	I-IV
Crew................................................. ................................................. ....................	2 people
Cabin capacity .............................................................. ...............................................	4 people
Engine................................................. ................................................. ..............	diesel V-shaped A-401
Engine power................................................ ..................................................	305.23 kW. (415 HP)
Bulldozer equipment:
-dump width in bulldozer position ..............................................	5.0 m
- blade width in grader position ..........................................	4.0m.
-dump width in double-dump position ..............................................	4.5m.
- dump height .............................................. ...............................................	1.07m.
- deepening of the dump from the day surface ..............................................	0.24m.
- the angle of the transverse inclination of the blade .............................................. ............	8-9 degrees from horizontal
Crane equipment:
- lifting capacity (for any boom outreach)..................................................	2 t.
-Maximum reach .............................................................. .................	5.4m.
Winch:
- tractive force ............................................................... .........................................	25.5 tons
- rope length .................................................. ...............................................	100m.

The cab has a basket and fittings for installing the R-113 radio station, but the machine is not equipped with it. A DP-3 radiometer is installed in the cockpit. The machine is equipped with a night vision device PNV-57 (one set).

It was exported to the Warsaw Pact countries, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, China and some other countries. Serially produced from 1953 to 1972.

It is in service in the engineer-sapper company of a motorized rifle (tank) regiment - 1 vehicle., in the engineer-sapper battalion of a motorized rifle (tank) division - 9 vehicles.

Sources

1. Instructions for the material part and operation of the BAT-M tracklayer. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Moscow 1964
2. Military engineering training. Tutorial. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Moscow. 1982
3. Tracklayer BAT-M. Technical description and instruction manual. BAT-M.0000-0000 TO.