If everything in the past Opel models received names in honor of military ranks, then the names modern models end with "-a": Astra, Corsa, Meriva, Zafira.

In addition, any noun or adjective can serve as a name for a machine. Moreover, this really existing word should be "ideologically close" to the car, and not just beautiful. For example, the name of the Ford model Fiesta (Spanish for "fun, joy") alludes to the joy that a driver can experience when driving a car. The names of Smart brand models - Fortwo and Forfour - are practical. They indicate how many people the model is designed for - "For two" and "For four".

Coming up with a name for the Impreza, Subaru played on the consonance of the word Impreza with the English impressed ("impressed"). This word, as conceived by the developers, can be used to characterize the driver who first got behind the wheel of a Subaru car. And Opel Agila (under this name the city small car was sold) is a bit paraphrased English word"agile" - "nimble, nimble".

"Leninets" vs. "Katyusha"

In the USSR, during the development of the first car of the Volga Automobile Plant VAZ 2101, the now existing "naming" technologies were hardly guessed. Then the decisive factor for the choice of names was purely ideological. Despite this, the "penny" managed to avoid a politicized name. Moreover, the people were instructed to come up with its name.

In August 1968, a competition was announced in the press for the "popular name" of the new Soviet car. As a result, about 30 thousand letters with proposals came to the address of the Volga Automobile Plant, of which about a hundred "successful" ones were selected. Among them were "Leninets", "Volzhanka", "Katyusha", "Aurora", "VIL" (short for Vladimir Ilyich Lenin). However, the word "Zhiguli" became the winner.

"Lada" in the Samara region are the mountains on the right bank of the Volga, not far from which is Togliatti - the birthplace of the modern "AvtoVAZ". Most researchers believe that the toponym "Zhiguli" comes from the Turkic "dzhiugli" - "harnessed, horse-drawn". The mountains got their name because of the barge haulers who lived in the area. But hardly leadership Soviet Union went into details of the origin of the word "Zhiguli" when she made her choice - apparently, it simply seemed to them quite euphonious.

True, residents of most European countries would hardly agree with this, where the word "Lada" was consonant with the somewhat offensive word "gigolo". Therefore, in order to export cars to Europe, VAZ urgently needed to come up with a more "decent" name. This is how Lada appeared.

Modern employees of AvtoVAZ do not remember the history of the appearance of this name. One of options: the name "Lada" came from the consonant word "rook" - this image has been used on the nameplates of cars of the Volga Automobile Plant since 1970. In any case, the name Lada turned out to be so successful that in the future not only export models, but also all other cars of the Volga Automobile Plant began to be called that way.

In addition to the official name "Zhiguli", the VAZ-2101 model also had a popular name - "Kopeyka".

The next after the "Zhiguli" (the last representative of this family was the "seven" VAZ-2107) was the line of models "Sputnik". The first car produced in 1984 under this name is the G8, VAZ-2108. The name of the machine was supposed to remind both the inhabitants of the Soviet Union and foreign countries that the USSR was the main space power. However, it turned out that the word "satellite" was not very well known abroad. In addition, it turned out to be difficult to pronounce for foreigners.

As a result, for export, the name was changed to another "euphonious" geographical name - "Samara". Someone says that this word was chosen in honor of the river of the same name that flows in the region, and someone recalls that until 1935 the city of Kuibyshev, the administrative center of the region in which AvtoVAZ is located, was called and is now called.

Another topographic name was given to the small car VAZ 1111 - "Oka". The name was not invented at the Volga Automobile Plant itself, but at its subsidiary, the Serpukhov Automobile Plant (SeAZ), where this car was produced. Thus, SeAZ tried to draw a parallel: AvtoVAZ is the Volga, and SeAZ is its tributary, the Oka. True, such an association has already been forgotten, but the "river" name remains on the lips even after the end of the production of a small car.

Developing a name for the first off-road vehicle, the plant management ran into a problem: they wanted to call the car, which was intended primarily for agricultural workers living in difficult areas, "Niva". However, the combine, which was produced in Rostov-on-Don at Rosselmash, already had such a name. Nevertheless, the management of the Rostov plant did not object to the use of the Niva name by AvtoVAZ. By the way, both the car (although the Niva brand is now owned by the GM concern) and the harvester are still being produced.

By science

Currently, AvtoVAZ chooses names for new models in the same way as other modern manufacturers - "according to science." As we were told in the press service of AvtoVAZ, this is how the names Kalina and Priora were born. Both were selected from a list of 10-15 other names based on consumer testing. However, the final decision was made by the management of the plant.

The origin of the name Kalina has already acquired legends, one of them was invented by the factory workers themselves. According to her, the car got its name due to the red color in which the prototype model was presented. Although, in fact, it was purple.

As you already know, in addition to major and minor, there were other modes (see "Medieval modes"). Some of these modes have been used and are used to this day in the works of various peoples. We will consider the main modes of folk music used in this article.

Seven-step modes are quite common in folk music. The sequences of intervals between steps in these modes are different, which distinguishes them from natural major and minor, as well as from each other. Despite this, the basis of these modes is either a major mode or a minor one, so the modes of folk music can be considered as varieties of the major or minor mode.

The seven-step modes of folk music include two varieties of major and two varieties of minor modes. Due to the coincidence of the scales of these modes with the scales of the medieval modes, they were given the names of these medieval modes:

In addition to seven-step modes, five-step modes are also found in folk music. They are called the pentatonic scale, and you are already familiar with it. If you forgot, we recommend that you return to the article

There are many modes in music. From their diversity and music is diverse and expressive. In addition to the well-known major and minor with their varieties, there are so-called folk frets. They are called differently: church modes, ancient modes, folk music modes. They have been studied since the Middle Ages.

The names of these modes are taken from the theory of the ancient Greeks. These modes are united by the alternation of large and small seconds. In all modes, which will be discussed below, five major seconds and two minor seconds. If you play scales from each step of C major (on the piano these will be all white keys), you will get a complete “set” of folk music modes.

The modes of folk music can be divided into two large groups according to the modal mood.
First group: major modes, having a high third step. They belong to:
- Ionian (from "Do" - coincides with the natural major);
- Lydian (from "F" - in contrast to the natural F major, high IV degree);
- Mixolydian (from "Sol" - unlike G major, low VII degree).
Second group: modes of minor inclination, having a low level III. These include:
- Aeolian (from "La" - coincides with the natural minor);
- Dorian (from "Re" - in contrast to D minor, a high VI degree);
- Phrygian (from "Mi" - in contrast to E minor, low II degree);
- Locrian (from "Si" - unlike B minor, low II and V steps).

Folk music modes are diatonic (natural) modes. Their steps are natural, not chromatic (altered). Therefore, it is customary to say, for example, IV high step, not higher. To understand these modes, we compare them with the well-known ones - natural major and natural minor, but these are not derivative modes, but independent ones.

To understand these modes, we will make several constructions:
Lydian mode: Dorian mode:
from “Sol” - salt la si do # re mi fa # salt from “Mi” - mi fa # sol la si do # re mi
from "Fa" - fa sol la si to remi fa from "Re" - remi fa sol la si do re
Mixolydian mode: Phrygian mode:
from "Sol" - salt la si do # re mi fa salt from "Mi" - mi fa sol la si do re mi
from "Fa" - fa sol la si b to re mi b fa from "Re" - re mi fa sol la si b to re

To memorize these frets, use the tips:
Unstable steps change in the modes of folk music - II IV VI VII.
In the modes of the major mood, steps IV and VII change. These are the sounds that form a tritone.
In the modes of the minor mood, steps II and VI change. These are the sounds that form a tritone.

One more hint:
Fill in two parallel keys without F# - G major and E minor. This pair is the Mixolydian and Phrygian modes.
Remember two parallel keys without cb - F major and D minor. This pair is the Lydian and Dorian modes.

Each car has its own official name. However, it often happens that one more, or even several new names stick to the car over time. These names come from the people, from the motorists themselves, who certainly know how to properly name a car, so that the whole essence of the car is conveyed in one word. In this review, a story about 10 cars, the names of which were given by Soviet drivers.

1. Izh-2715, nicknamed "Heel"

Car "Moskvich" from the Izhevsk plant. By the way, it was in Izhevsk that commercial models 408 and 412 "Moskvich" were assembled. As for the Izh-2715 car, it bore many names, including "Pie", "Cheburashka", "Margarine" and even "Masquerade". Another name was "Box on the top five", but later it was almost forgotten.

2. Izh-2126, nicknamed "Orbit"

Self car Izhevsk plant, which was developed and put into production, without the use of AZLK technologies. The car was rolled off the assembly line in 1990. In the people, the car quickly received the name on new way- Orbit.

3. Gaz-24, nicknamed "Member Carrier"

The car is famous, literally the second Volga! The car received a bunch of different names, including: "Brick", "Tank", "Lando", "Barge" and "Schalanda". The car, by the way, received the last names for the softness of the ride, as it was literally ardent along the highway, but at the same time it rolled heavily and leaned over corners. However, the late reincarnation of the car - the GAZ-3110, received the unenviable nickname "Push-Pull".

4. KAMAZ, nicknamed "Tatar"

They make these wonderful cars on Kamsky car factory, hence the name. A significant part of these off-road trucks was produced for the needs Soviet army. The first batch of cars was released in January 1981. The name "Tatarin" stuck because the plant is located in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, and this is one of the largest cities in Tatarstan.

5. VAZ-2106, nicknamed "Six"

It is not difficult to guess that most often the names of VAZs came from the model number. There are also very amusing nicknames tied to the theme of numerals. For example, model 2106 was also called "Shah", "Jackal", "Miner", "Shaitan".

6. VAZ-1111 Oka, nicknamed "Cabin from KAMAZ"

Record holder for the number of funny nicknames among VAZ cars. Whatever it was called. Here we have such names as: “Cum”, “Perch”, “Mad Stool”, “Capsule of death”, “Shrimp”, “Box”, “Starling house”, “Miscarriage”, “Bag on wheels”, “Keychain from BelAZ", as well as the most popular - "20 minutes of shame and you are in the country". Immediately visible people's love and recognition! The car has been produced since 1987.

7. VAZ-2110, nicknamed "Chervonets"

Not soviet car but nonetheless worthy of note. Almost as much people loved this model of the VAZ car. The names were different. It’s worth starting with neutral ones: Chirik, Chervonets, Matryoshka. There were also less pleasant names: "Remnant" and "Pregnant Antelope." It's funny that the same nicknames (albeit with some modifications) were inherited by the descendant of the car - the VAZ-2111, which was also nicknamed the "Slippery Brick".

8. ZAZ-968, nicknamed "Constipation"

Soviet car of a small class of the first group. Produced at the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant from 1971 to 1994. The name of the car is quite different. There was an offensive name "Constipation", and with it the affectionate "Round" and "Cheburashka". Each Zaporozhets model got its own name, for example, ZAZ-965 was nicknamed "Hunchbacked", ZAZ-966 - "Eared", and ZAZ-968 - "Soap Dish".

9. LUAZ-969, nicknamed "Lunokhod"

The car received an unusual name for its unusual design and cross-country ability. The model has been produced since 1966. The people also dubbed the car as "Volynyashka", "Bagpipe", " Fighting machine Volyn”, “Fantômas”, “Chicken” and “Jewish Armored Car”.

10. RAF-22038, nicknamed "Rafik"

Soviet minibus, which was produced from 1976, right up to 1997. Widely used as official transport. Only Gazelle, which arrived much later, could oust Rafik from the market.

Continuing the topic right away, causing complete disappointment among motorists.