Actual fines for reloading trucks for individuals and legal entities. How is the load on the axle of a truck calculated and what are the penalties for overloading Penalties for overloading a car
Overloading of vehicles is one of the main problems of destruction of the road surface, which the authorities are trying to combat more actively. Only in 2014, 3 laws were adopted that changed the rules for the passage of heavy vehicles. Below we will consider the concept of overloading a car and the penalty for overloading, which can be issued to you for excess weight in 2020.
The overload of the car is called the axle load - the load of the mass of the car, which is transmitted to the roadway by the wheels of each axle.
The mass of the car (both full and equipped) is calculated by the following ratio: . Often, more of the load falls on the rear axle than on the front because of this. That the cargo compartment of the car is at the rear, and the front part is mainly loaded from the power unit and the cab.
On some sections of the route, and almost in front of every bridge, you can see the sign 3.12, which indicates the weight limit for vehicles that can pass through it. If the load on any of the axles of the car exceeds that indicated on the prohibition sign, the driver is obliged to drive a section of the road in a different way, where the permissible weight is greater than the load on the axle of the car. Ignoring signs is subject to a fine in accordance with article 12.21.1, part 5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.
“Ignoring the requirements indicated on the prohibition signs 3.12 and the passage of a car or truck whose load on any axle or the total actual mass exceeds the specified weight and there is no overload permit allowing the passage, a fine is imposed on the driver - 2-2.5 thousand rubles».
The established limits of permissible loads on the axles of a two-axle car can be seen in the table:
Group "A" includes cars that are allowed to operate on roads of categories 1-3. For group "B" operation on roads of any categories is allowed.
Danger of overloading a truck
Many are wondering what threatens the overload of the car, that it is being watched so closely at checkpoints. Several factors that are considered dangerous in terms of traffic rules:
- road breaking
- Probability of accidents when driving on bridges and old structures
- Lengthening the stopping distance, which can lead to an accident
Note that the stopping distance is lengthened by the inertia of the load and makes it more likely for the car to skid, which is inevitable in rainy weather and ice. And if the load is poorly attached and “walks” around the trunk, the risk of a car tipping over and, as a result, an accident increases greatly.
The driver is responsible for the overloaded vehicle.
KP weight check
Checkpoints are set up to check the mass of the vehicle per axle of the vehicle. In case of excess weight, a fine is imposed on the driver under part 3, article 12.21.1:
“Transportation of goods of a large mass exceeding the maximum allowable axle load specified in the permit entails a fine - 1500-2000 rubles for ordinary workers, 10000-15000 for officials and 250000-400000 for legal entities».
Permissible overload of a truck, according to this article, is no more than 5%.
To travel freely with bulky goods, need to get special permission, which is issued on specialized Internet services or by the consignor himself. Driving without a permit is a reason for drawing up an administrative protocol under Article 12.21.1, paragraph 1:
"Transportation of heavy loads without a special permit and a special pass, if obtaining it is mandatory or deviating from the route specified in the permit, is punishable by a fine of 2,000 to 500,000 rubles."
Naturally, not every shipper is honest about the weight of their own trailer. In papers, they indicate one data, while in fact a serious advantage can be observed. In this case, the driver has to pay, as the traffic police issue a fine for overloading the truck on its owner. If the driver values work, he will have to pay a fine, depending on the greed of the inspector or the amount of overload. The law provides for the following figures:
“If the driver provided inaccurate data on the dimensions of the cargo, which led to a violation of the rules for transporting heavy cargo, a fine of 5000 rubles. If the driver is a legal entity, the fine will be from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles».
It should be noted that for a significant excess of cargo, your vehicle may be threatened with being sent to an impound lot until the fine is paid in order to exclude the possibility of transportation with repeated overload.
Rules for the transportation of oversized cargo
When transporting bulky cargo, one cannot ignore the transportation rules described in the SDA, paragraph 23.4:
“If the cargo on the vehicle protrudes more than 1 meter from the rear or 40 centimeters on the sides, it must be marked with signs “oversized cargo” during the daytime. At night, it is required to additionally install white reflectors or a lantern in front, and equip the load with red reflectors at the back.
But in addition to the traffic rules in the Code of Administrative Offenses, part 2, the following amendment is indicated:
“Transportation of goods that exceed the dimensions inscribed in the special permit, more than 10 centimeters - entails the imposition a fine from 1,500 to 400,000 rubles».
Car overload
The Code of Administrative Offenses states in plain text that truck drivers pay a fine for overloading cars along the axles, but there is not a word about overloading passenger cars. But do not think that sophisticated traffic police inspectors will not be able to find a reason to issue a fine. Especially when the car is overloaded with passengers or cargo.
Why is overloading a passenger car also considered dangerous:
- The maximum allowable load on a car according to the documentation is indicated in the range of 250-600 UAH. Exceeding this value can be fraught with consequences that affect the spars, shock absorbers and frames.
- An overloaded car has very poor road holding. If the main load falls on the trunk, then the center of gravity shifts and the front of the car will skid when cornering. When braking hard, the car can completely lose control.
- An overloaded car with a rear bumper can rub against the canvas, which is equivalent to damage to state property.
If for any reason you have to overload your car, try to drive in the first lane and at a maximum speed of 50 km/h. Thus, you are unlikely to be stopped by the inspector and save the car's suspension.
Car overload penalty
As mentioned above, there is no article on overloading a passenger car, but you can fall under other fines. Following paragraph 22.8 of the SDA, the number of passengers in the car must correspond to the characteristics of the car.
It is not allowed to carry four passengers in a four-seater sedan because there are not enough belts. So you can be punished for:
- Unfastened passenger - 1000 rubles
- Violation of transportation rules - 500 rubles
At best, you'll get a warning.
Results
As practice shows, the penalty for overload it is almost impossible to win in court. Judicial authorities will not examine the various elements of a case when there is evidence in reload. Here you need an experienced auto lawyer who is well acquainted with the specifics of this area. Only one advice can be given to drivers - carefully check the cargo before transporting it!
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4 comments
Hello Daria, such a question was stopped at the weight control post, my truck tractor was weighed according to the total mass of overload, but the axes showed what it is, what threatens me in this case and is there any deprivation for this?
Good afternoon. Tell me, please: I am driving a passenger car (Mitsubishi Pajero4) with a trailer with a maximum permissible weight of up to 750 kg, do I violate traffic rules if the weight of the trailer itself is 465 kg, and the weight of the load is 660 kg (2 ATVs)? If so, how is it provable and what does it threaten.
Good afternoon. Tell me, please: I am driving a car (gross weight 1860 kg) with a trailer with a maximum permissible weight of up to 1300 kg, do I violate traffic rules if the weight of the trailer itself is 465 kg, and the weight of the load is 800 kg (excavator)? If yes, what is the danger? Thanks.
Please clarify, I am towing a Tuareg with a permitted mass of 2800, a trailer with a permitted mass of 750, on which a boat with an engine of 130 + 70 kg. Do I need category E and what is the punishment? Thanks.
Russian trunk roads, not to mention urban ones, often do not stand up to scrutiny. It is believed that overloaded vehicles have the main destructive effect. There are a lot of cars of various carrying capacity on the roads. When the maximum permissible loads on the roadway are exceeded, the roads are destroyed. Money is needed to restore the road. Therefore, the penalty for overloading is doubled.
According to the new version of the SDA and the Code of Administrative Offenses, the amount of damage that overloaded vehicles cause to roads has begun to be assessed more strictly.
For transportation, small-tonnage Gazelles are often used. The punishment for them is also increased. This is despite the fact that their permitted weight does not exceed the norm for the load not only on the highway, but also on any city road.
Roads are also destroyed because of their poor quality. The leadership of some regions of the Russian Federation are trying to bring to justice the builders and repairmen who are in charge of the roads. If the roadway does not withstand the terms of operation provided for by law, the court punishes them.
Road Requirements
When receiving large fines for overloading, in some cases it is not worth paying them right away. There are times when the law allows you to reduce liability and, when applying to the court, put forward a counterclaim.
- The road on which the excess was recorded does not meet the regulatory requirements for the load (GOST 52748-2007).
- During the construction of the road, the rules "Automobile roads" SP 34.1330.2012 were violated.
- "Road clothes" does not meet the requirements of SNiP 2.05.02-85.
Poor quality “Roadwear” often leads to breakdowns of such popular city trucks and cars as Gazelles. "Road clothes" is a term from SNiP. It implies that the road must withstand the standard vertical, short-term load without destroying the roadway.
The rules for the transportation of goods on the territory of the Russian Federation are given in government decree No. 272. According to the tables given in the "Rules", you can determine the weight of the cargo that can be transported without violating traffic rules and without receiving a fine for overloading.
Attachment 1- the mass of a single vehicle (meaning, without a trailer), with static weighing, should not exceed:
- 18 tons for a 2-axle vehicle;
- 25 tons for 3-axle;
- 32 tons for 4-axle;
- 35 tons for 5 axles.
Annex 2- the permissible loads on the axles of the vehicle are indicated, with dynamic weighing.
For single vehicles, with a distance between axles of 2.5 meters, the axle load must not exceed:
- 6 tons for a road designed for 6 tons;
- 10 tons for a road designed for 10 tons.
Popular Gazelles, depending on the modification, have a distance between the axles from 2.9 to 3.5 meters.
The law allows setting a vehicle overload on private roads that differs from the norms of Decree No. 272. To do this, appropriate road signs are installed on the road, information on the permissible axle load of the vehicle must be posted on the official website of the road.
The traffic police determines the overload
On the roads, traffic police inspectors determine the weight of the cargo in three ways:
- Checking the accompanying documentation for the cargo.
- At a stationary weighing point.
- At a point equipped with dynamic weighing equipment.
Static weighing: the car enters the scales, the inspector registers the total mass of the vehicle. Often, gazelles passing along intercity highways are checked in this way.
Dynamic weighing: the car passes through the weighing area at a speed not exceeding 5 km/h. The new method is used on Federal Highways.
The devices determine the actual mass of the vehicle and the load on each of the axles. If the allowed values are exceeded, a protocol is automatically issued. The measurement error, with properly installed equipment, is low.
When the requirements for operation are violated, the error can reach 3%. The driver considers the measurement results to be too high - this fact must be indicated in the protocol. Then the liability in the form of a fine will be reduced. This is especially important when the fine for legal entities reaches half a million. 
Damage billing
The Code of Administrative Offenses imposes a fine for overloading, taking into account the local conditions of the Federal Highway. The damage caused to a 100 km section of the road is taken as the baseline. When the truck overload is:
- 2-10%, damage = 925 rubles.
- 10-20% damage=1120.
- 20-30% damage=2000.
- 30-40% damage=3125.
- 40-50% damage=4105.
- 50-60% damage=5215.
According to official information, the damage caused by overloaded vehicles in the Central and Far Eastern regions is approximately 3 times higher than in the Southern and Volga regions. Accordingly, the penalty for overloading there will also be higher.
The law allows you to calculate the damage from the passage of cars in excess of the permitted axle load, depending on weather conditions. The government of the Rostov region recently issued a decree proposing to increase the base rates for damage caused by overloaded vehicles in the summer, when the asphalt surface softens.
Farmers, owners of Gazelle 33023, should not be afraid of an increase in the fine in hot weather, the total mass of the car is unlikely to exceed the standard so much as to leave a noticeable mark on the road.
Punishment from the Code of Administrative Offenses
The Code of Administrative Offenses imposes a penalty for exceeding the permitted weight of the vehicle or for increasing the axle load in excess of the data specified in the technical documentation for the vehicle. Article 12.21.1 determines the amount of the fine for the carriage of goods in excess of the norm. It is different for a driver, an employee who draws up documents for transportation, for an organization (legal entity). For overload, the penalty is assigned depending on the percentage of exceeding the standard:
The law gives drivers the opportunity to replace fines for overloading with deprivation of rights for a period of 2-4 months (clause 3), 4-6 months (clause 6). Responsibility for the carriage of goods under a special permit is defined in clauses 4.5. The Code of Administrative Offenses also paid attention to individual entrepreneurs. They can receive a fine from 80 to 100 thousand (clause 10).
How is overload calculated?
Before concluding a contract for transportation, it is necessary to find out what kind of cargo can be transferred. Starting from an excess of 2%, an overload penalty will have to be paid. 
The cargo is transported along the route, where there are weighing points. It doesn't matter if it's stationary or dynamic. The principle of calculation is the same for any type of weighing. Let's make it on the example of Gazelle-Business.
From the technical documentation we get:
- Permitted weight = 3.5 tons.
- Equipped = 1.79 tons.
- Gross weight = 3.5 is taken as 100%.
Weight measured at a stationary point = 3.6. Weight difference = 100 kg. Overload percentage = (0.1 tons * 100%) / 3.5 tons ≈ 2.8% Let's look at the penalty the law provides for an overload of 2.8%. We subtract the weight of the cargo from the total mass and evaluate whether the order will bring profit or loss.
The calculation of the maximum axle load is carried out in a similar way. Then the calculation results for each of the axes are added up. At weighing points, the measurement accuracy can be ≈ 3%. Therefore, the difference between the authorized and curb weight (cargo weight) must be increased by 3%. We determine which way the goods need to be transported. Now you can sign the contract.
The truck of the individual entrepreneur Alexei was detained by the inspector for overloading the axle, when it was weighed for the third time during the trip. The legislation of the Russian Federation introduced draconian fines for overload and in order not to go broke on them, you need to know the laws. The article will tell you what you need to know and do in order not to break the rules and not receive fines. In what cases can they be appealed if the fine has already been received.
Rules for the carriage of goods
Cargo transportation in the Russian Federation is regulated by different laws and regulations. Let's highlight the important points:
- the weight of the truck and the load on the axles must not exceed the limit values specified in the TCP and established by Annexes 1 and 2 of Government Decree No. 272 “On Approval of the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road” dated April 15, 2011;
- the weight of the cargo is determined by the one who loads the car in the presence of the other party (the consignor in the presence of the carrier or vice versa), unless otherwise provided by the contract;
- the carrier (driver) must control the process of loading, securing and placing cargo in the body;
- if the weight exceeds the established norm by more than 2%, you need to issue a special permit, agree on the route of the trip and compensate for the damage caused by the overweight of the roadway. To do this, you need to contact the Rosavtodor of the region from where the transportation route will begin.
What rules did Alex break?
- did not check the reliability of securing the cargo in the body and the cargo shifted;
- exceeded the axle load.
Consequences of overload
- An overloaded car is difficult to control under difficult weather conditions (ice, wet asphalt) and has an increased braking distance, which creates emergency situations on the road.
- The roadbed is designed for certain loads and their excess causes damage to it.
- With sudden braking, there is a risk of skidding the rear of the trailer and losing control of the truck, which also provokes an emergency.
- The car wears out faster.
In this regard, the state, represented by Rostransnadzor and the traffic police, is strengthening control over cargo transportation. On September 2, 2015, the Government approved the Action Plan ("road map") aimed at preventing violations during the movement of heavy and (or) large vehicles on public roads. In accordance with it, automatic complexes for weight and size control with the function of photo and video filming appeared on Russian roads. By the end of 2020, 387 such posts will appear on all federal roads.
How automatic scales work
Scales measure the total mass and axle loads of a vehicle moving at speeds up to 140 km/h. If there is an overload, the system determines the owner of the vehicle by the number of the car and checks whether a special permit has been issued, and if not, it automatically issues a fine. Alexey's truck passed such scales at the first mobile weight control post. If the system has identified a violation and generated an overload penalty, the carrier will know about it when it receives it by mail. In the future, automatic weight control points will be supplemented with electronic displays that will inform the driver on the spot about the results of the check.
Permissible car loading rates
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Dear buyers and sellers of non-metallic materials!
On July 24, 2015, Federal Law No. 248-FZ of July 13, 2015 came into force, which introduced significant changes to Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which establishes liability for violation of the rules for the transportation of heavy cargo (including non-metallic materials ).
What has changed in the transportation of sand and gravel and what are the rules in force in 2018?
Now liability for offenses related to reloading the vehicle extends not only to the carrier, but also to the consignor.
Previously, only one participant in the delivery of non-metallic materials, the carrier, was responsible for the consequences of transshipment. The shipper who hired the carrier for the delivery might not even know what risks the transport company faces when transporting non-metallic materials.
After the entry into force of the aforementioned law, the situation has changed dramatically. Now, when transporting sand and gravel, not only carriers are at risk. The risks are borne by shippers, as well as quarries (transshipments) that load these materials into vehicles.
The table below shows the most important changes to Art. 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
| Legislation | Was before July 24, 2015 | Valid in 2018 |
|---|---|---|
| The emergence of liability at the stage of loading the car | Previously, such liability was not specifically prescribed in the law. | If a legal entity (IE) loading a car has exceeded the permissible value of the total mass or axle load of the car, such a person faces a fine: - for a legal entity - 250-400 thousand rubles; - for individual entrepreneurs - 80-100 thousand rubles. |
| Shippers' liability | The responsibility of the consignor could come only in the case when the consignor indicated in the documents false information about the weight of the cargo (underestimated the weight). For example, if a dump truck was stopped at the post, in which the actual weight of the cargo was 45 tons, and the consignment note indicated 20 tons, then in addition to the carrier, the consignor also faced a fine. If the consignor indicated a weight of 45 tons on the consignment note, then only the carrier paid the fine. |
Added the responsibility of the consignor for failure to indicate in the consignment note the number, date and period of permission to transport heavy cargo, as well as the route of transportation of this cargo. Those. now, if the shipper indicates the true weight of the cargo is 45 tons, but does not indicate information about the special permit for the transportation of this cargo (if this information is necessary to indicate) or the route of movement of this cargo, then the shipper will face a fine. |
| Driver liability | In the event of an overload in weight or axles by more than 5%, the driver was threatened with deprivation of rights, regardless of the size of such an excess (5%, 20% or more%). | The driver is threatened with deprivation of rights only if the overload is more than 20%. |
| IP responsibility | The liability of individual entrepreneurs, with rare exceptions, was equated with the liability of natural persons. | The liability of individual entrepreneurs, also with rare exceptions, is equated with the liability of legal entities. |
| Liability for offenses and fines | Liability arose when the weight of the cargo or axial load was exceeded by more than 5% of the permissible value. The size of the fine did not depend on such an excess (for exceeding the control value by 5% and 50%, the same fine threatened). |
The threshold for exceeding the permissible weight of the cargo or axle load, at which liability arises, has been reduced to 2%. At the same time, the fine now depends on the size of such an excess (the larger the excess, the greater the fine). The possibility of fixing an offense in automatic mode with the help of special technical means (photo, video) is prescribed. In case of fixing such an offense, a fine threatens a legal entity (IP) - the owner of the car. |
Since the situation with liability for these offenses has changed dramatically, we decided to first tell you in general what overload is, and later, with the help of experts in this direction, to analyze this issue in more detail.
1. TYPES OF VEHICLES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF NON-METALLIC MATERIALS
Various types of trucks are used to transport non-metallic materials.
According to their composition, dump trucks are divided into 2 types:
1) single car;
2) road train(saddle or trailed).
Single truck is a single (indivisible) vehicle. In other words, this is a car without a trailer or semi-trailer.
Below are the most common types of single vehicles - dump trucks.
road train- these are two or more connected (articulated) vehicles for the carriage of goods.
Road trains are divided into 2 types:
1) saddle train(the road train includes a truck tractor and a semi-trailer);
2) trailer train(The road train includes a truck and a trailer(s)).
The most common types of tipper trucks are shown below.
Trucks (both single and road trains) can have single axles and close axles (twin, triple, etc.).
Single axles vehicles are located at a distance of at least 2.5 m from each other.
close axes
are located at a closer distance and can be combined along 2, 3, 4 or even more axles, forming the so-called "bogie".
It is also necessary to talk about the types of automobile wheels.
Dual wheels
- wheels with 2 tires installed on one rim at the same time. The rim accordingly has different dimensions compared to a rim for single wheels, on which only one tire is mounted.
Dual wheels are usually installed on the rear axles of trucks and tractors, as well as on semi-trailers.
Shown below are axles with single and dual wheels.
2. TOTAL AND PERMITTED VEHICLE WEIGHT
Now let's define the quantity gross vehicle weight, which is most often used in the transportation of heavy loads and gives an initial assessment of the risk of overloading the vehicle.
Gross vehicle weight- this is the mass of the cargo together with the mass of the vehicle in which this cargo is transported.
Consider example #1.
There is a saddle road train which includes:
- a 3-axle truck tractor weighing 9 tons;
- dump 3-axle semi-trailer weighing 9 tons.
The mass of the road train will be 18 tons (9 tons + 9 tons).
30 m3 of quarry sand weighing 45 tons were loaded into the body of the car.
We get the total mass of the vehicle - 63 tons (18 tons + 45 tons).
Permissible vehicle weight
- This is the maximum permissible gross vehicle weight.
The permissible mass of the vehicle depends both on the type of truck and on the number of installed axles.
Values of the permissible mass of the vehicle established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 "On approval of the rules for the carriage of goods by road" and are presented in the table below:
Thus, if the total mass of the vehicle exceeds the permissible mass of the vehicle, an overload occurs.
Let us turn again to our example 1. Our road train has 6 axles (3 axles for the tractor and 3 axles for the semi-trailer). We obtain from the table the value of the permissible mass - 44 tons. The total mass of our road train is 63 tons, which significantly exceeds the permissible value ( overload by weight - 19 tons (43%)! ).
3. LOAD ON THE AXLE OF THE VEHICLE
Another equally important benchmark is this.
is the load transferred to the road surface by the wheels of one axle of the car.
The total mass of the vehicle and the axle load are interconnected by a simple relationship:
Gross vehicle weight = axle load 1 + axle load 2 + .. + axle load N
Consider example #2.
Let's put a 2-axle truck tractor weighing 9 tons on a static scale (gable wheels are installed on the rear axle).
The load on the front axle significantly exceeds the load on the rear axle. This is due to the fact that the center of gravity of the tractor is strongly shifted to its front, because. it contains the heaviest elements of the car: the power unit and the cab.
The mass of the tractor is equal to the sum of the loads on the front and rear axles.
Now we hook an empty 3-axle tipper semi-trailer with the same weight of 9 tons to the tractor.
The mass of the road train is 18 tons (9 tons + 9 tons). This mass is also equal to the sum of the loads on all axles of the road train.
How have the loads on the axles of the tractor changed now? The hooked semi-trailer "presses" on the tractor saddle with a force of 1.8 tons, so the sum of loads on all axles of the tractor increased by 1.8 tons and amounted to 10.8 tons (9 tons + 1.8 tons). As can be seen from the example, the main part of the force applied by the semi-trailer to the saddle of the tractor was transferred to the rear axle of the tractor.
The load on the rear bogie of the semi-trailer is 7.2 tons. It can be calculated in 2 ways:
1) add up the loads on all axles of the semi-trailer rear bogie (2.5 t + 2.6 t + 2.1 t);
2) subtract from the mass of the semi-trailer the load that is transferred to the saddle of the tractor (9 t - 1.8 t).
We will load this road train with quarry sand with a volume of 30 m3 and a weight of 45 tons and put it on the scales again.
Now the semi-trailer transfers a weight of 16.8 tons to the saddle of the tractor and the maximum load in this case falls on the rear axle of the tractor.
For a load of this mass, a 3-axle tractor (with a dual axle at the rear) would be more suitable. Then the load on each axle of the rear bogie of the tractor would decrease by approximately 2 times and would be about 8 tons.
Permissible values of the mass and axle load of the vehicle are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 "On approval of the rules for the carriage of goods by road."
Let's get acquainted with the permissible axial loads. They depend both on the type of axle of the car, and on the type of wheels installed on it.
Permissible axle loads of the vehicle are also established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 "On approval of the rules for the carriage of goods by road" and are presented in the table below:
| wheel type, established on vehicle axle |
Axis view | Distance between axles | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| for highways, rated for load 6 t/axle |
for highways, rated for load 10 t/axle |
for highways, rated for load 11.5 t/axle |
|||
|
single axle |
from 2.5 m | 5.5 t/axle | 9 t/axle | 10.5 t/axle | |
 tandem axle |
up to 1 m | 8 t/cart | 10 t/cart | 11.5 tons/cart | |
| 1 - 1.3 m | 9 t/cart | 13 t/cart | 14 t/cart | ||
| 1.3 - 1.8 m | 10 t/cart | 15 t/cart | 17 t/cart | ||
| 1.8 - 2.5 m | 11 t/cart | 17 t/cart | 18 t/cart | ||
 triple axle |
up to 1 m | 11 t/cart | 15 t/cart | 17 t/cart | |
| 1 - 1.3 m | 12 t/cart | 18 t/cart | 20 t/cart | ||
| 1.3 - 1.8 m | 13.5 tons/cart | 21(22.5*) tons/cart |
23.5 t/cart | ||
| 1.8 - 2.5 m | 15 t/cart | 22 t/cart | 25 t/cart | ||
 4 or more close axes |
up to 1 m | 3.5 t/axle | 5 t/axle | 5.5 t/axle | |
| 1 - 1.3 m | 4 t/axle | 6 t/axle | 6.5 t/axle | ||
| 1.3 - 1.8 m | 4.5 t/axle | 6.5 t/axle | 7.5 t/axle | ||
| 1.8 - 2.5 m | 5 t/axle | 7 t/axle | 8.5 t/axle | ||
| Dual wheels |
single axle |
from 2.5 m | 6 t/axle | 10 t/axle | 11.5 t/axle |
 tandem axle |
up to 1 m | 9 t/cart | 11 t/cart | 12.5 tons/cart | |
| 1 - 1.3 m | 10 t/cart | 14 t/cart | 16 t/cart | ||
| 1.3 - 1.8 m | 11 t/cart | 16 t/cart | 18 t/cart | ||
| 1.8 - 2.5 m | 12 t/cart | 18 t/cart | 20 t/cart | ||
 triple axle |
up to 1 m | 12 t/cart | 16.5 tons/cart | 18 t/cart | |
| 1 - 1.3 m | 13 t/cart | 19.5 t/cart | 21 t/cart | ||
| 1.3 - 1.8 m | 15 t/cart | 22.5 t/cart | 24 t/cart | ||
| 1.8 - 2.5 m | 16 t/cart | 23 t/cart | 26 t/cart | ||
 4 or more close axes |
up to 1 m | 4 t/axle | 5.5 t/axle | 6 t/axle | |
| 1 - 1.3 m | 4.5 t/axle | 6.5 t/axle | 7 t/axle | ||
| 1.3 - 1.8 m | 5 t/axle | 7 t/axle | 8 t/axle | ||
| 1.8 - 2.5 m | 5.5 t/axle | 7.5 t/axle | 9 t/axle |
Let's look at example 2.
Let us assume that single wheels are installed on the front axle of the tractor, and double wheels are installed on the rear axle of the tractor and on all axles of the semi-trailer. The distance between the axles of the semi-trailer is 1.31 m.
We also assume that the route of our road train passes along the M1 federal highway.
We obtain the following table of normative and actual values of loads on the axles of the road train:
| Indicator type | front axle tractor |
Rear axle tractor |
1st axle semi-trailer |
2nd axis semi-trailer |
3rd axis semi-trailer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| axle load (standard value) |
10.5 t | 11.5 t | 8.0 t | 8.0 t | 8.0 t |
| axle load (actual value) |
8.3 t | 17.5 t | 12.7 t | 12.8 t | 11.7 t |
| Axle overload | - |
6.0
T (52%) |
4.7 t (59%) |
4.8 t (60%) |
3.7 t (46%) |
The normative value of the load on each axle of the semi-trailer is obtained by dividing the load on the bogie indicated in the table of permissible axle loads (24 t) by 3 (the number of axles in the bogie).
The table shows that the road train has an overload on all axles, except for the front axle of the tractor. There is also an overload by weight - 23 tons (58%).
We obtain new normative and actual data on the loads on the axles of the road train:
| Indicator type | front axle tractor |
1st rear axle tractor |
2nd rear axle tractor |
1st axle semi-trailer |
2nd axis semi-trailer |
3rd axis semi-trailer |
4th axis semi-trailer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| axle load (standard value) |
10.5 t | 9.0 t | 9.0 t | 8.0 t | 8.0 t | 8.0 t | 8.0 t |
| axle load (actual value) |
8.3 t | 9.0 t | 8.5 | 9.3 t | 9.4 t | 9.5 t | 9.0 t |
| Axle overload | - |
- |
- |
1.3 t (16%) |
1.4 t (18%) |
1.5 t (19%) |
1.0 t (13%) |
The normative value of the load on each rear axle of the tractor is obtained by dividing the load on the rear bogie indicated in the table (18 tons) by 2 (the number of axles in the bogie). The normative value of the load on each axle of the semi-trailer is 8 tons.
As we can see from the table, the axle overload of the semi-trailer has significantly decreased, while the tractor has no axle overload at all.
If we decided to completely get rid of the overload along the axes (for example, we would pour 10 tons of sand out of the body), there would still be an overload by weight of 9 tons (9 tons + 9 tons + 45 tons - 10 tons - 44 tons) or 9% .
4. LIABILITY FOR OVERLOADING THE VEHICLE
There are 3 groups of "limiters" for the transportation of non-metallic materials by road:
1) Rules for the carriage of goods by road- the main document regulating the permissible mass and permissible axial loads, which we considered earlier:
2) decisions on temporary restriction of the movement of vehicles on roads taken by local authorities during the spring closure of roads;
3) prohibition road signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and/or 3.12 "Mass limit per vehicle axle".
Responsibility for overloading the vehicle is established by Art. 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation:
| Participant in the supply of non-metallic materials | GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT OR AXLE LOAD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OVER THE PERMISSIBLE VALUE OF TOTAL WEIGHT OR AXLE LOAD (without special permission) |
OVER TOTAL WEIGHT OR AXLE LOAD, SPECIFIED IN THE PERMISSION (with special permission) |
|||||||
| over 2% and up to 10% |
more than 10% and up to 20% |
over 20% and up to 50% |
over 50% | over 2% and up to 10% |
more than 10% and up to 20% |
over 20% and up to 50% |
over 50% | |
| Driver | Fine 1-1.5 thousand rubles. | A fine of 3-4 thousand rubles. | A fine of 5-10 thousand rubles. or deprivation of rights for 2-4 months. | Fine 1-1.5 thousand rubles. | Fine 3-3.5 thousand rubles. | A fine of 4-5 thousand rubles. or deprivation of rights for 2-3 months. | A fine of 7-10 thousand rubles. or deprivation of rights for 4-6 months. | |
| Official responsible for transportation | A fine of 10-15 thousand rubles. | A fine of 25-30 thousand rubles. | A fine of 35-40 thousand rubles. | A fine of 45-50 thousand rubles. | A fine of 10-15 thousand rubles. | A fine of 20-25 thousand rubles. | A fine of 30-40 thousand rubles. | A fine of 45-50 thousand rubles. |
| Transport company (legal entity or individual entrepreneur) |
A fine of 100-150 thousand rubles. | A fine of 250-300 thousand rubles. | A fine of 350-400 thousand rubles. | A fine of 400-500 thousand rubles. | A fine of 100-150 thousand rubles. | A fine of 200-250 thousand rubles. | A fine of 300-400 thousand rubles. | A fine of 400-500 thousand rubles. |
| Vehicle owner (legal entity or individual entrepreneur) in case of automatic fixation of the offense by means of photo recording (video recording) |
Fine 150 thousand rubles. | Fine 300 thousand rubles. | Fine 400 thousand rubles. | Fine 500 thousand rubles. | Fine 150 thousand rubles. | Fine 250 thousand rubles. | Fine 400 thousand rubles. | Fine 500 thousand rubles. |
| The consignor (individual) in case of underestimation of the weight of the cargo or non-indication of the number, date and validity period of the special in the TTN. permits, route | Fine 1.5-2 thousand rubles. | Fine 1.5-2 thousand rubles. |
Fine 5 thousand rubles. | Fine 5 thousand rubles. |
Fine 1.5-2 thousand rubles. |
Fine 1.5-2 thousand rubles. |
Fine 5 thousand rubles. |
Fine 5 thousand rubles. |
| The consignor (official) in the event of a distortion of the weight of the cargo or failure to indicate in the TTN the number, date and validity period of the special. permits, route | A fine of 15-20 thousand rubles. | A fine of 15-20 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 25-35 thousand rubles. | A fine of 25-35 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 15-20 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 15-20 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 25-35 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 25-35 thousand rubles. |
| The shipper (legal entity or individual entrepreneur) in case of misrepresentation of the weight of the cargo or failure to indicate the number, date and validity period of the special permits, route | A fine of 200-300 thousand rubles. | A fine of 200-300 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 350-400 thousand rubles. | A fine of 350-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 200-300 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 200-300 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 350-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 350-400 thousand rubles. |
| Legal entity loading materials into the vehicle | A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. | A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 250-400 thousand rubles. |
| Sole proprietor loading materials into a car | A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. | A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
A fine of 80-100 thousand rubles. |
5. VEHICLE OVERLOAD CALCULATOR BY AXIS AND WEIGHT
Fine for overloading a truck in 2019 - has collected for you the most up-to-date information on how much to pay and how to avoid., including if Gazelle. Go!
The penalty is applied for various deviations from the norm for various categories of entities (citizens, legal entities, individual entrepreneurs).
I list them in the table below:
| Overload Options | For individuals | Executive | Legal entity, including individual entrepreneur | Fixing in automatic mode |
| 2 to 10% | 1-1.5 thousand rubles | 10-15 thousand rubles | 100-150 thousand rubles | 150 thousand rubles |
| 10 to 20% | 3-4 thousand rubles | 25-30 thousand rubles. | 150-300 thousand rubles | 300 thousand rubles |
| 20 to 50% | 5-10 thousand rubles or deprivation of rights for 2-4 months | 35-40 thousand rubles. | 350-400 thousand rubles | 400 thousand rubles |
| Over 50% | 7-10 thousand rubles or deprivation of rights for 4-6 months | 45-50 thousand rubles. | 400-500 thousand rubles | 500 thousand rubles |
In addition, in case of violation of the restrictive requirements indicated on the road by the relevant signs, the driver will have to pay a fine of 5 thousand rubles.
Signs for limiting the mass of vehicles on a separate section of the road
Permissible weight limits for single trucks
The table below shows the standards for the total mass that is acceptable for a single freight transport.
Gazelle and similar vehicles
The legislative framework establishes the maximum permissible values for the total weight and axle load for heavy and large vehicles.
GAZ-2705, GAZ-3221 minibus, GAZ-2752 Sobol do not belong to this type of vehicles, their technical characteristics, including curb weight and maximum permissible weight, are below the levels provided for heavy vehicles.
Therefore, penalties for overloading in relation to drivers of such vehicles can be applied according to the representative of the traffic police in accordance with Art. 12.21 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation - warning or imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 rubles.
In case of non-compliance with the rules for the carriage of passengers:
- From 500 to 1000 rubles"Violations of the rules for the transportation of people" Art. 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.
- From 1500 rubles for drivers, from 10,000 rubles - for officials and from 25,000 rubles - for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs"Violation of the requirements for ensuring the safety of transportation of passengers and baggage, cargo by road and urban land transport" Art. 12.31.1. Code of Administrative Offenses.
cargo tow truck
In accordance with Federal Law No. 257 (clause 17, article 3), a cargo tow truck (tractor) can be considered as a heavy vehicle, both due to the design and technical characteristics of the vehicle itself, and in connection with the transportation of heavy cargo.
This means that when moving cargo in the form of another vehicle (in this case it is cargo), the rules provided for by Decree No. 272 - on the maximum permissible total mass and maximum permissible axial loads must be observed.
In case of non-compliance with these requirements for the tow truck, as well as for other trucks (for example, overweight of cargo by total mass), liability arises in accordance with paragraph 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses:
- 1-1.5 thousand roubles. for ordinary citizens.
- 10-15 thousand roubles. - for officials.
- 110-150 thousand roubles. - for legal entities.
How to avoid a fine
The passage of heavy cargo vehicles on the roads of Russia is allowed without a special permit only if the total permissible weight of the vehicle or the load on each axle does not exceed the normative values by more than 2%.
In all other cases, in order to avoid impressive fines for overloading, a special permit must be issued before leaving the track.
Does the penalty change when an overload is fixed by automatic mode
If a fine is imposed automatically, then a notice of collection is sent to the owner of the vehicle - in the maximum amount, which is provided for by the relevant provision.
For example, if an ordinary citizen-owner of a truck is manually fined at the minimum value (1-1.5 thousand rubles), then when the violation is auto-fixed, the penalty will be the maximum amount (150 thousand rubles).
Check Availability
Is it possible to challenge
If you have documented evidence showing that there are no violations under Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, all that remains is to go to court. In this case, a statement of claim must be filed with all documents confirming your innocence attached.
In the event that a fine has been issued for overloading the vehicle axle, it is also possible to challenge it in court, although practice shows that this may be more difficult than contesting the total weight of the truck. To do this, you must have a weighing protocol produced by a traffic police officer, as well as perform the following actions yourself:
- Make a calculation distribution of the produced load along the axles of the vehicle using specialized software (such programs can be found on the Internet).
- Submit to court the received calculation together with the statement of claim, as well as the protocol of weighing.
As a rule, in such situations, the court appoints an additional examination, the conclusions of which may positively affect the court's decision.
This also applies to cases where the overload is set by automatic weighing systems, even here errors and inaccuracies can be made. And if the company that owns the truck has documents confirming the absence of overload, it is worth trying to defend your point of view in court.
This is justified even if the services of a lawyer are used, since the fee for his services can be significantly lower than the fine itself. Our publication “How to challenge a fine recorded by a camera” will help you defend your rights in court.
Is it possible to cancel or reduce the punishment
Cancellation of the decision issued by the traffic police is possible, and there are two ways to do this:
- Contact the traffic police with a complaint about the cancellation of the decision (to a higher traffic police authority).
- File a complaint with the court in order to cancel the decision (your district court at the place of registration of the individual or at the place of the incident, or the arbitration court, if a fine has been imposed on a legal entity).
Important point! The decision to impose a fine shall enter into force 10 days after its receipt. You must file an appeal within this period, otherwise you must have documentary evidence proving that it was impossible to meet this deadline in your case (due to objective reasons, for example, absence from the country, illness of the applicant, etc.)
It is also possible to reduce the amount of the fine - thanks to the current payment rule: within the first 20 days after the decision on violation of the transport of goods is made, this can be done with good savings. How to pay half the penalty instead of the full amount - our article about 50% discounts.
It makes sense to keep receipts or other payment documents indicating the payment of a fine for reloading for 3 years -.
Additional punishments
Impressive fines are provided for overloading vehicles today, but this violation may entail other types of penalties:
- Loss of driver's license: in accordance with Art. 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, the driver may be deprived of the rights for a period of 2 to 3 months for exceeding the mass of the vehicle or the load on the axle of the vehicle by 20 to 50%, as well as for a period of 4 to 6 months (if the mass or load is more than 50 %). Who can deprive, the procedure and terms of the procedure - read about this in.
- Detention or evacuation TC: in accordance with Art. 27.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses “Detention of a vehicle” in case of violation of the rules for operating the vehicle, provided for in Art. 12.21.1, vehicle detention is applied. If, according to the technical characteristics of the vehicle, it is impossible to move or place it in a specialized parking lot in the event of an administrative offense provided for in part 1, , , or 6 of Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, the detention is carried out on the road using blocking devices.
Detention or evacuation means the exclusion of the vehicle from traffic by moving it with the help of another vehicle and placing it in a specialized parking lot, as well as subsequent storage in a specialized parking lot until the reason for the detention is eliminated.
To avoid a fine,
Keep in mind that without any additional permits, only vehicles whose mass with or without cargo and (or) whose axle load does not exceed the permissible mass of the vehicle and (or) the permissible axle load by more than 2% can move on the roads - Federal Law of November 8, 2007 No. 257.
Below is a summary of the rules, the observance of which will help to avoid punishment.
Dependence of the load on the category of roads and transport
- Group A- these vehicles can only be used on the routes of the first three categories (categories I, II, III).
- Group B- This vehicle can be used on all roads.
All regulations for reloading vehicles are based on this division. Before setting off with a load along the intended route, it is important to study which categories of roads you have to drive on, since the axle load standards on different roads will be different.
In addition to the axle load norm, the legislation today also prescribes the norms for the maximum allowable weight of a truck, which are the same for all types of roads.
The values of the maximum load on the axles of freight transport
When driving a freight vehicle on highways with restrictions of 11.5 tons, 10 tons and 6 tons, the axle load must be taken into account, which will be different for these roads. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the type of wheels and the distance between the axles.
These norms are detailed in the table - Appendix 2 to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (PP No. 272).
Maximum permissible dimensions
In addition to the allowable weight standards, Decree No. 272 also provides for the maximum allowable dimensions of freight transport.
Summing up
- Permissible deviation of the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle is no more than 2%.
- When the permissible weight is exceeded TC more than 2% such a vehicle must have a special permit.
- Allowable Weight Calculation is carried out both in relation to the total mass of the freight vehicle, and in relation to the load on the axles of the truck.
- Fines for overloading trucks reach 500 thousand rubles, and the subjects of penalties may be drivers, carriers, officials.
- Additional penalties in relation to overloaded vehicles, it is also provided for, this is the deprivation of driver's rights and the evacuation of the car.
- Automatic systems weighing are increasingly being introduced into our lives, which allows you to control the overload without stopping the vehicle.
Have you been fined for overloading? Were you able to reduce or challenge the punishment? Tell us about your case!